ZIC1 is a context-dependent medulloblastoma driver in the rhombic lip.

Transcription factors are frequent cancer driver genes, exhibiting noted specificity based on the precise cell of origin. We demonstrate that ZIC1 exhibits loss-of-function (LOF) somatic events in group 4 (G4) medulloblastoma through recurrent point mutations, subchromosomal deletions and mono-allelic epigenetic repression (60% of G4 medulloblastoma). In contrast, highly similar SHH medulloblastoma exhibits distinct and diametrically opposed gain-of-function mutations and copy number gains (20% of SHH medulloblastoma).

Ferrimagnetic Heusler tunnel junctions with fast spin-transfer torque switching enabled by low magnetization.

Magnetic random-access memory that uses magnetic tunnel junction memory cells is a high-performance, non-volatile memory technology that goes beyond traditional charge-based memories. Today, its speed is limited by the high magnetization of the memory storage layer. Here we prepare magnetic tunnel junction memory devices with a low magnetization ferrimagnetic Heusler alloy MnGe as the memory storage layer on technologically relevant amorphous substrates using a combination of a nitride seed layer and a chemical templating layer.

Elasticity Characteristics of Thenar Muscles in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Objective: Measurement of thenar muscle elasticity by ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) may be useful for the diagnosis and evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but there is a paucity of information on SWE of the thenar muscles in patients with CTS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the elasticity of the thenar muscles in patients with CTS.

Methods: Twenty-two adult patients with a referral diagnosis of CTS (27 hands) and 20 healthy volunteers as a control (20 dominant hands) participated in this study.

Experimental investigation and finite element analysis on the durability of root-filled teeth treated with multisonic irrigation.

Objective: This study compared the fracture load, stress distribution, and survival probability under cyclic loading of extensively restored teeth treated with multisonic irrigation with those treated with conventional instrumentation, with or without a post.

Methods: Mesial-occlusal-distal cavities were prepared in 30 human mandibular premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 based on the endodontic and restorative procedures: (1) Root canal treatment (RCT) followed by resin composite restoration (control group), (2) RCT followed by a glass fiber post restoration (conventional group), and (3) minimal instrumentation plus multisonic irrigation followed by resin composite restoration (GW group).

Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in the Brain: Review on the Significance of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Correlates in functional MRI signal.

Cardiorespiratory signals have long been treated as "noise" in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, with the goal of minimizing their impact to isolate neural activity. However, there is a growing recognition that these signals, once seen as confounding variables, provide valuable insights into brain function and overall health. This shift reflects the dynamic interaction between the cardiovascular, respiratory, and neural systems, which together support brain activity.

US state minimum wages and rates of maltreatment-related death among children.

Background: The number of U.S. deaths due to child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) has been increasing over several years.

Evaluation of testing approaches for constituent leaching from electric arc furnace (EAF) slags.

Increased usage of electric arc furnace (EAF) slags as soil amendments and surface aggregates raises concerns regarding heavy metal release. However, no standardized leaching characterization approach exists for EAF slags and other industrial materials. This study compares test results for three EAF slags using several testing approaches: (i) total content analysis, (ii) single-batch extractions (i.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Frosted Branch Angiitis: A Case Report and Brief Review.

Purpose: To report the clinical presentation, treatment course, and outcome of a case of bilateral frosted branch angiitis (FBA) and neuroretinitis associated with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in a pediatric patient with Turner Syndrome.

Methods: Case report with multimodal ocular imaging and extensive systemic workup.

Results: A 16-year-old female with Turner syndrome presented with acute bilateral vision loss, hearing loss, and ataxia.

Integration of the rat liver micronucleus assay into a 28-day treatment protocol: testing the genotoxicity of four small-molecule nitrosamines with different carcinogenic potencies and tumor target specificities.

Several potent carcinogenic nitrosamines, including N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), induce micronuclei in the micronucleated hepatocyte (MNHEP) assay but not in the micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) assay. However, the MNHEP assay is not as frequently used as the MNRET assay for evaluating in vivo genotoxicity. The present study evaluated MN formation in the liver of Big Blue transgenic rats exposed to four small-molecule nitrosamines, NDMA, N-nitrosodiisopropylamine (NDIPA), N-nitrosoethylisoporpylamine (NEIPA), and N-nitrosomethylphenylamine (NMPA), using a repeat-dose protocol typically used for in vivo mutagenicity studies.

Comparison of two interferon-gamma release assays for pediatric tuberculosis infection.

Introduction: Identifying tuberculosis infection (TBI) using interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) is a primary component of clinical and public health efforts to prevent pediatric tuberculosis. Pediatric data comparing the two IGRAs in the United States are very limited. We compared the performance of the two IGRAs among a large pediatric cohort tested for TBI and assessed whether discordance might be due to quantitative results close to test cut-off values.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy management: a systematic review of the clinical practice guidelines and recommendations.

Aims: In light of recent advances in imaging techniques, molecular understanding and therapeutic options in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), we performed a systematic review of current guidelines for the diagnosis and management of HCM in order to identify consensus and discrepant areas in the clinical practice guidelines.

Methods And Results: We systematically reviewed the English language guidelines and recommendations for the management of HCM in adults. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for guidelines published in the last 10 years.

AI-assisted Total Body Dermoscopic Evaluation of Changes in Melanocytic Nevi during Pregnancy: A Prospective, Comparative Study of 2,799 Nevi.

Pregnancy-associated changes in melanocytic nevi (MN), apart from size increase on the trunk, remain a topic of debate. We conducted the first prospective study to investigate dermoscopic changes in MN comparing pregnant with non-pregnant women on all body parts using a market-approved convolutional neural network (CNN). We included 25 pregnant and 25 non-pregnant women from Basel, Switzerland, who underwent standard skin cancer screenings and whose MN > 2 mm were digitally recorded and analysed by a CNN.

Impact of a trace mineral injection at weaning on growth, behavior, and inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune responses of beef calves.

Two experiments evaluated the effects of an injectable trace mineral (ITM) solution at weaning on trace mineral (TM) status, inflammatory and antioxidant responses, grazing behavior, response to vaccination, and growth of beef calves. Experiment 1 used 86 Nellore calves (40 females and 46 males; body weight [BW] = 198 ± 30.8 kg; 8 ± 1 mo of age) weaned (day 0) and assigned into one of two treatments: saline (0.

Sleep quality and the integrity of ascending reticular activating system - A multimodal MRI study.

Sleep is crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis and individuals with insufficient sleep are prone to more pronounced brain atrophy as compared to sufficiently sleeping peers. Moreover, sleep quality deteriorates with ageing and ageing is also associated with cerebral structural and functional changes, pointing to their mutual bidirectional interrelationship. This study aimed at determining whether sleep quality and age, separately, affect brain integrity and subsequently, whether sleep significantly modulates the effect of age on brain structural and functional integrity.

Influence of next-generation artificial intelligence on headache research, diagnosis and treatment: the junior editorial board members' vision - part 2.

Part 2 explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing the complexities of headache disorders through innovative approaches, including digital twin models, wearable healthcare technologies and biosensors, and AI-driven drug discovery. Digital twins, as dynamic digital representations of patients, offer opportunities for personalized headache management by integrating diverse datasets such as neuroimaging, multiomics, and wearable sensor data to advance headache research, optimize treatment, and enable virtual trials. In addition, AI-driven wearable devices equipped with next-generation biosensors combined with multi-agent chatbots could enable real-time physiological and biochemical monitoring, diagnosing, facilitating early headache attack forecasting and prevention, disease tracking, and personalized interventions.

Frequency of Spondyloarthritis Symptoms Among U.S. Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cross-sectional Multi-Center Study.

Objective: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The application of screening tools to detect SpA in patients with IBD may lead to earlier recognition of SpA and affect treatment decisions.

Methods: A combination of two previously described SpA screening questionnaires, DETAIL and IBIS-Q, was administered to consecutive patients with IBD attending IBD specialty clinics in six U.

DNA promoter task-oriented dictionary mining and prediction model based on natural language technology.

Promoters are essential DNA sequences that initiate transcription and regulate gene expression. Precisely identifying promoter sites is crucial for deciphering gene expression patterns and the roles of gene regulatory networks. Recent advancements in bioinformatics have leveraged deep learning and natural language processing (NLP) to enhance promoter prediction accuracy.

Transition metal vacancy and position engineering enables reversible anionic redox reaction for sodium storage.

Triggering the anionic redox reaction is an effective approach to boost the capacity of layered transition metal (TM) oxides. However, the irreversible oxygen release and structural deterioration at high voltage remain conundrums. Herein, a strategy for Mg ion and vacancy dual doping with partial TM ions pinned in the Na layers is developed to improve both the reversibility of anionic redox reaction and structural stability of layered oxides.

Characteristics and survival outcomes in pediatric patients with spinal chordomas: insights from the National Cancer Database and review of the literature.

Purpose: Spinal chordomas are aggressive tumors that rarely occur in the pediatric population. Demographics and post-treatment outcomes in this select group of patients is poorly studied. We hence aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, demographics, and survival outcomes of pediatric patients with spinal chordomas, in contrast to the adult population.

Bevacizumab exerts dose-dependent risk for intracranial hemorrhage in patients with malignant gliomas.

Purpose: Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, has become a mainstay therapeutic in the management of malignant glioma. It is unknown if the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), a major complication associated with bevacizumab use, is dose-dependent.

Methods: This was a single institution retrospective analysis of patients treated with bevacizumab for the management of gliomas between 2009 and 2022.

Multi-omic profiling a defined bacterial consortium for treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection.

Donor-derived fecal microbiota treatments are efficacious in preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), but they have inherently variable quality attributes, are difficult to scale and harbor the risk of pathogen transfer. In contrast, VE303 is a defined consortium of eight purified, clonal bacterial strains developed for prevention of rCDI. In the phase 2 CONSORTIUM study, high-dose VE303 was well tolerated and reduced the odds of rCDI by more than 80% compared to placebo.

Viral oncogene EBNALP regulates YY1 DNA binding and alters host 3D genome organization.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen leader protein (EBNALP) is essential for the immortalization of naive B lymphocytes (NBLs). However, the mechanisms remain elusive. To understand EBNALP's role in B-cell transformation, we compare NBLs infected with wild-type EBV and an EBNALP-null mutant EBV using multi-omics techniques.