The association between physician sex and patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Some prior studies have found that patients treated by female physicians may experience better outcomes, as well as lower healthcare costs than those treated by male physicians. Physician-patient sex concordance may also contribute to better patient outcomes. However, other studies have not identified a significant difference.

Early and delayed STAT1-dependent responses drive local trained immunity of macrophages in the spleen.

Trained immunity (TI) is the process wherein innate immune cells gain functional memory upon exposure to specific ligands or pathogens, leading to augmented inflammatory responses and pathogen clearance upon secondary exposure. While the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and reprogramming of bone marrow (BM) progenitors are well-established mechanisms underpinning durable TI protection, remodeling of the cellular architecture within the tissue during TI remains underexplored. Here, we study the effects of peritoneal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) administration to find TI-mediated protection in the spleen against a subsequent heterologous infection by the Gram-negative pathogen Typhimurium (.

Unraveling calcium dysregulation and autoimmunity in immune mediated rippling muscle disease.

Rippling Muscle Disease (RMD) is a rare skeletal myopathy characterized by abnormal muscular excitability manifesting with wave-like muscle contractions and percussion-induced muscle mounding. Hereditary RMD is associated with caveolin-3 or cavin-1 mutations. Recently, we identified cavin 4 autoantibodies as a biomarker of immune-mediated RMD (iRMD), though the underlying disease-mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Hospital Boarding Creates Critical Shortcomings in Disaster Preparedness.

Hospital patient boarding in emergency departments has reached unprecedented crisis levels over the past 4 years. Boarding and crowding has been demonstrated by prior literature to have adverse effects on patient care as well as increased associated costs. Importantly, the increase in hospital patient boarding has created critical shortcomings in disaster preparedness by limiting the capacity of emergency departments to respond to mass casualty incidents due to space and staffing constraints.

The effects of admission hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on mechanical thrombectomy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of certain comorbidities on mechanical thrombectomy (MT) outcomes remains largely unexplored. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and admission hyperglycemia have been associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients treated with MT. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of DM and admission hyperglycemia on MT outcomes.

"I was angry that I fell" all the way to "if I fall, I fall": a qualitative study of the spectrum of behavioral fall risk factors for veterans with dysvascular lower-limb amputation.

Purpose: To explore behavioral risk factors contributing to fall and near-fall scenarios for Veterans with dysvascular lower-limb amputation.

Materials And Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of Veterans with unilateral dysvascular lower-limb amputation, receiving care at a single Veterans Administration Regional Amputation Center, who participated in an interview (12/2021-04/2023). We used phenomenological research and directed content analysis to explore participant perspectives on fall scenarios.

Characterization of FAM114A1: A Novel Podocyte Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein Upregulated in Glomerular Injury.

Transcriptomic analysis of microdissected human glomeruli has suggested novel molecular signatures associated with MN by revealing several genes differentially upregulated in MN compared to other glomerular diseases. We focused on a novel protein, Family with sequence similarity 114 member A1 (FAM114A1) that was identified as the top classifier gene in the dataset. To determine the localization of FAM114A1 within glomeruli, we performed immunofluorescence (IF) staining on normal human kidney specimens.

Intra-arterial lidocaine administration of lidocaine in middle meningeal artery for short-term treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage-related headaches.

Background And Purpose: We report short- and intermediate-term effects on headaches with intra-arterial injection of lidocaine in the middle meningeal artery in patients with severe headaches associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods: We treated seven patients with intra-arterial lidocaine in doses up to 50 mg in each middle meningeal artery via a microcatheter bilaterally (except in one patient). We recorded the maximum intensity of headache (graded by 11-point numeric rating scale) prior to procedure and every day for the next 10 days or discharge, whichever came first.

Alterations in Gut Microbiome-Host Relationships After Immune Perturbation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Gut microbial symbionts have been shown to influence the development of autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Emerging research points to an important relationship between the microbial-IgA interface and MS pathophysiology. IgA-secreting B cells are observed in the MS brain, and shifts in gut bacteria-IgA binding have been described in some patients with MS.

Oxidative stress suppresses internal carotid artery dilation to hypercapnia in healthy older adults.

: Cerebrovascular disease and dementia risk increases with age and lifetime risk is greater in women. Cerebrovascular dysfunction likely precedes cerebrovascular disease and dementia but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that oxidative stress mediates cerebrovascular dysfunction with human aging.

First Report of Bacterial Wilt of Ginger Caused by in the Continental United States.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an herbaceous perennial in the Zingiberaceae family grown primarily in tropical to subtropical biomes as a culinary spice, a traditional medicine, and a landscaping plant. While ginger grows at soil temperatures above 20°C, several farmers in the upper Midwestern US farmers grows short-season ginger in high tunnels. In 2023 and 2024, growers in southeastern Minnesota reported a new disease of ginger.

Language and Attention Networks Have Distinct Roles in Language Improvement Following an Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Program.

Background: Attention is known to play an important role in language, and attentional deficits have been associated with language impairments in people with aphasia (PWA). A prior study by our laboratory indicated that behavioral measures for PWA participating in an intensive comprehensive aphasia program (ICAP) clustered into 1 language and 1 attention-related factor, with each factor correlated with independent resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) networks. The present study includes additional attention measures and participants to better assess the relationship between attention, language, and rsFC.

Manganese(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkylation To Access P-Stereogenic Phosphines.

This work introduces a novel Mn(I)-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation methodology that efficiently produces a wide array of P-chiral phosphines with outstanding yields and enantioselectivities. Notably, the exceptional reactivity of Mn(I) complexes in these reactions is demonstrated by their effective catalysis with both typically reactive alkyl iodides and bromides, as well as with less reactive alkyl chlorides. This approach broadens the accessibility to various P-chiral phosphines and simplifies the synthesis of chiral tridentate pincer phosphines to a concise 1-2 step process, contrary to conventional, labor-intensive multistep procedures.

Tetra-Cationic Distibane Stabilized by Bis(α-iminopyridine) and Its Reactivity.

The work establishes the salt of a tetra-cationic distibane, [LSb][CFSO] = [][OTf] (CFSO = OTf), stabilized by a bis(α-iminopyridine) ligand , defying the Coulombic repulsion. The synthetic approach involved a dehydrocoupling reaction when a mixture of and Sb(OTf) in a 1:1 ratio was treated with EtSiH/LiBEtH as the hydride source. Compound [][OTf] was also achieved from [LSbCl][OTf] as a precursor and using EtSiH.

ECG Patterns of Occlusion Myocardial Infarction: A Narrative Review.

The traditional management of acute coronary syndrome has relied on the identification of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as a proxy of acute coronary occlusion. This conflation of STEMI with acute coronary occlusion has historically overshadowed non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), despite evidence suggesting 25% to 34% of NSTEMI cases may also include acute coronary occlusion. Current limitations in the STEMI/NSTEMI binary framework underscore the need for a revised approach to chest pain and acute coronary syndrome management.

Anti-Amyloid Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease and Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities: Implications for the Emergency Medicine Clinician.

Alzheimer's disease is the neurodegenerative disorder responsible for approximately 60% to 70% of all cases of dementia and is expected to affect 152 million by 2050. Recently, anti-amyloid therapies have been developed and approved by the Food and Drug Administration as disease-modifying treatments given as infusions every 2 to 5 weeks for Alzheimer's disease. Although this is an important milestone in mitigating Alzheimer's disease progression, it is critical for emergency medicine clinicians to understand what anti-amyloid therapies are and how they work to recognize, treat, and mitigate their adverse effects.

Emerging biomarkers in Gaucher disease.

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare lysosomal disorder characterized by the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in macrophages resulting from glucocerebrosidase (GCase) deficiency. The accumulation of toxic substrates, which causes the hallmark symptoms of GD, is dependent on the extent of enzyme dysfunction. Accordingly, three distinct subtypes have been recognized, with type 1 GD (GD1) as the common and milder form, while types 2 (GD2) and 3 (GD3) are categorized as neuronopathic and severe.

Dietary Inflammatory Score and Incident Heart Failure in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.

Background: Inflammation plays a key role in the development of heart failure (HF), and diet is a known modifiable factor that modulates systemic inflammation. The dietary inflammatory score (DIS) is a tool to quantify the inflammatory components of diet. We sought to determine whether the DIS is associated with incident HF events.

Psychosocial impact associated with a multicancer early detection test (PATHFINDER): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study.

Background: PATHFINDER was a prospective cohort study of multicancer early detection (MCED) testing in an outpatient ambulatory population. The aim of this study is to report the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) collected as secondary and exploratory measures in the PATHFINDER study.

Methods: PATHFINDER is a prospective, multicentre, cohort study that enrolled existing healthy ambulatory outpatients at seven health networks in the USA, including hospitals, academic medical centres, and integrated health systems.

The optimal color space enables advantageous smartphone-based colorimetric sensing.

Smartphone-based colorimetric (bio)sensing is a promising alternative to conventional detection equipment for on-site testing, but it is often limited by sensitivity to lighting conditions. These issues are usually avoided using housings with fixed light sources, increasing the cost and complexity of the on-site test, where simplicity, portability, and affordability are a priority. In this study, we demonstrate that careful optimization of color space can significantly boost the performance of smartphone-based colorimetric sensing, enabling housing-free, illumination-invariant detection.

Occurrence, seasonal distribution and probabilistic source-specific health risk assessment of dissolved trace metals in southwestern rivers, Nigeria.

The presence of trace metals (TMs) in river systems at certain levels can cause toxicity and pose significant risks to human health. In this study, nine TMs (Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in water samples collected from six major rivers from southwestern Nigeria during both dry and wet seasons. Across both seasons, the mean concentrations (mg/L) ranged from 0.

Pure CO and impure CO-SO-NO-O reactions with carbon storage site underlying seals: Coaly mudstones and carbonate cemented sandstones.

The transition to net zero emissions requires the capture of carbon dioxide from industrial point sources, and direct air capture (DAC) from the atmosphere for geological storage. Dissolved CO has reactivity to rock core, and while the majority of previous studies have concentrated on reservoir rock or cap-rock reactivity, the underlying seal formation may also react with CO. Drill core from the underlying seal of a target CO storage site was reacted at in situ conditions with pure CO, and compared with an impure CO stream with SO, NO and O that could be expected from hard to abate industries.