Meconium Influences Pulmonary Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentration in Porcine Meconium Aspiration Model.

Introduction: The factors influencing meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) severity remain poorly understood. In a piglet model of MAS, we hypothesized the respiratory microbiome would reflect the bacterial signature of meconium with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) accumulation as a byproduct of bacterial fermentation.

Methods: Cesarean section at approximately 115-day term was performed on two sows.

Bifunctional NiCo-CuO Nanostructures: A Promising Catalyst for Energy Conversion and Storage.

This investigation explores the potential of co-incorporating nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) into copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures for bifunctional electrochemical charge storage and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). A facile wet chemical synthesis method is employed to co-incorporate Ni and Co into CuO, yielding diverse nanostructured morphologies, including rods, spheres, and flake. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analyses confirmed the formation of NiCo-CuO nanostructure, with minor phases of nickel oxide (NiO) and cobalt tetraoxide (CoO).

Lampbrush chromosomes of Danio rerio.

Danio rerio, commonly known as zebrafish, is an established model organism for the developmental and cell biology studies. Although significant progress has been made in the analysis of the D. rerio genome, cytogenetic studies face challenges due to the unclear identification of chromosomes.

Daratumumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone in untreated multiple myeloma: analysis of key subgroups of the MAIA study.

In the MAIA study (median follow-up, 56.2 months), daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (D-Rd) significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) alone in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). In this post hoc analysis of clinically important subgroups in MAIA (median follow-up, 64.

Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-M) sensitize HER2+ solid tumors to PD1 blockade in pre-clinical models.

We previously developed human CAR macrophages (CAR-M) and demonstrated redirection of macrophage anti-tumor function leading to tumor control in immunodeficient xenograft models. Here, we develop clinically relevant fully immunocompetent syngeneic models to evaluate the potential for CAR-M to remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME), induce T cell anti-tumor immunity, and sensitize solid tumors to PD1/PDL1 checkpoint inhibition. In vivo, anti-HER2 CAR-M significantly reduce tumor burden, prolong survival, remodel the TME, increase intratumoral T cell and natural killer (NK) cell infiltration, and induce antigen spreading.

Engineering vaginal film platform for mucoadhesion and sustained drug release for HIV-1 prevention.

User adherence contributes to the effectiveness of topical pre-exposure prophylactic products designed to protect against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Long-acting approaches that do not require daily or coitally-dependent use could potentially improve user adherence. This study aims to develop a long-acting vaginal film to deliver an integrase inhibitor, MK-2048, for prevention of HIV-1 infection.

CRISPRi-based screens in iAssembloids to elucidate neuron-glia interactions.

The complexity of the human brain makes it challenging to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying brain function. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered variants associated with neurological phenotypes. Single-cell transcriptomics have provided descriptions of changes brain cells undergo during disease.

α-Actinin-1 deficiency in megakaryocytes causes low platelet count, platelet dysfunction, and mitochondrial impairment.

Cytoskeletal remodeling and mitochondrial bioenergetics play important roles in thrombocytopoiesis and platelet function. Recently, α-actinin-1 mutations have been reported in patients with congenital macrothrombocytopenia. However, the role and underlying mechanism of α-actinin-1 in thrombocytopoiesis and platelet function remain elusive.

Intranasal delivery of a ghrelin mimetic engages the brain ghrelin signalling system in mice.

Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), promotes food intake, other feeding behaviours and stimulates growth hormone (GH) release from the pituitary. Growth hormone secretagogues (GHS), such as GHRP-6 and MK-0677, are synthetic GHSR ligands that activate orexigenic Neuropeptide Y neurons that co-express Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus when administered systemically. Systemic GHRP-6 also stimulates GH release in humans and rats.

Longitudinal qualitative assessment of meaningful symptoms and relevance of WATCH-PD digital measures for people with early Parkinson's.

Background: Longitudinal qualitative data on what matters to people with Parkinson's disease are lacking and needed to guide patient-centered clinical care and development of outcome measures.

Objective: To evaluate change over time in symptoms, impacts, and relevance of digital measures to monitor disease progression in early Parkinson's.

Methods: In-depth, online symptom mapping interviews were conducted with 33 people with early Parkinson's at baseline and 1 year later to evaluate (A) symptoms, (B) impacts, and (C) relevance of digital measures to monitor personally relevant symptoms.

sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from the roots of the aquatic plant .

A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out on strain T9W2-O, isolated from the roots of the aquatic plant . This isolate is rod-shaped, forms yellow/orange pigmented colonies and produces the pigment flexirubin. Nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence homology related the strain to , with 98.

Effectiveness of PK-Guided Personalized Recombinant FVIII Treatment in Patients with Hemophilia A: Clinical Case Experiences Based on an Observational Study.

Purpose: Prophylaxis with recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) products is the gold-standard treatment for hemophilia A. However, interindividual differences affect the half-life and clearance of rFVIII products. The myPKFiT is a web-based medical-device software program for population pharmacokinetic (PK) simulation of FVIII products to guide accurate FVIII doses and dosing intervals.

Diagnostic potential of blood-based biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). There is a significant delay in diagnosing MS as the symptoms and tests overlap with other diseases. Blood-based biomarkers, which quantify fragments of proteins involved in MS pathophysiology, have the potential as diagnostic biomarkers.

Does regulatory convergence shape banking resilience in Africa?

This study examines the effects of Basel III regulatory harmonization on banking stability across 21 African nations from 2011 to 2022, using a system-GMM estimation to address endogeneity and enhance causal interpretation. Stability is operationalized through Z-scores, non-performing loan ratios, and weighted composite indices, offering a robust, multi-dimensional perspective on systemic resilience. Findings suggest that Basel III compliance enhances stability across key metrics, yet reveal a trade-off wherein liquidity buffers may detract from operational efficiency unless optimally rectified to local conditions.

Deep learning model to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis from haematoxylin/eosin-stained myocardial tissue.

Aims: Amyloid deposition in myocardial tissue is a definitive feature for diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis, though less invasive imaging modalities such as bone tracer cardiac scintigraphy and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging have been established as first steps for its diagnosis. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model to support the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis from haematoxylin/eosin (HE)-stained myocardial tissue.

Methods And Results: This single-centre retrospective observational study enrolled 166 patients who underwent myocardial biopsies between 2008 and 2022, including 76 patients diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis and 90 with other diagnoses.

An epidemiological assessment of health status among a cohort of tuberculosis survivors: prospective research in a western Indian city.

Long-term follow-up of tuberculosis (TB) is important to monitor treatment outcomes, prevent relapse, and improve patient care. The aims of the current study are: i) to assess various epidemiological parameters among TB survivors, like mortality and morbidity, with emphasis on recurrence status during pre-defined long-term follow-up; ii) to assess factors responsible for the recurrence of TB among study participants. A prospective observational study was conducted among cured cases of pulmonary TB registered at the TB unit of Ahmedabad City, India.

Hierarchical Biogenic-Based Thermal Insulation Foam.

Biogenic-based foam, renowned for its sustainable and eco-friendly properties, is emerging as a promising thermal insulating material with the potential to significantly enhance energy efficiency and sustainability in building applications. However, its relatively high thermal conductivity, large-pore configurations, and energy-intensive manufacturing processes hinder its widespread use. Here, we report on the scalable, one-pot synthesis of biogenic foams achieved by integrating recycled paper pulp and in situ nanoporous silica formation, resulting in a hierarchical structure comprising both micropores and nanopores.

Radiative Cooling Meta-Fabric Integrated with Knitting Perspiration-Wicking and Coating Heat Conduction.

Radiative cooling is an emerging zero-energy-consumption technology for human body cooling in outdoor scenarios during hot seasons. However, existing radiative cooling textiles are limited by low intrinsic cooling power, high hydrophobicity, and heat-insulating properties, which seriously impede a satisfying cooling effect, perspiration-wicking, and heat dissipation, thus limiting human thermal comfort in practical situations. Here, we developed a radiative cooling meta-fabric that was integrated with high perspiration-wicking and thermal conduction capacity.

A study to identify individuals at risk to be affected by late-onset Pompe disease who had previously been given a non-specific or tentative diagnosis for their muscle weakness (Pompe PURSUE).

Background: Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that results in severe progressive proximal muscle weakness. Over time, reductions in muscle strength result in respiratory failure and a loss of ambulation. Delayed diagnosis of LOPD deprives patients of treatments that can enhance quality of life and potentially slow disease progression.

Targeting mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of idiopathic neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease. Familial forms of Parkinson disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are often characterized by mutations in genes associated with mitophagy deficits. Therefore, enhancing the mitophagy pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach to targeting an underlying pathogenic cause of neurodegenerative diseases, with the potential to deliver neuroprotection and disease modification, which is an important unmet need.

[C]MK-6884 PET imaging reveals lower M muscarinic acetylcholine receptor availability following cocaine self-administration in male rats.

Background: Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) remains a significant problem in the United States, with high rates of relapse and no present FDA-approved treatment. The acetylcholine neurotransmitter system, specifically through modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) function, has shown promise as a therapeutic target for multiple aspects of CUD. Enhancement of the M mAChR subtype via positive allosteric modulation has been shown to inhibit the behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine across several rodent models of CUD.