In Vivo Head-to-Head Comparison of [F]GTP1 with [F]MK-6240 and [F]PI-2620 in Alzheimer Disease.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of tau neurofibrillary tangles that can be labeled with PET tracers. Multiple tau PET tracers have been used in clinical studies, including [F]GTP1, [F]PI-2620, and [F]MK-6240. Standardized harmonization scales for comparing tau PET signals across tracers are currently under development and can be informed by comparisons of signals between tracers in both target and off-target regions of the brain.

Cigarette Smoking and Symptom Burden: Baseline Results From Nine ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Clinical Trials.

Context: Approximately 11% of cancer survivors smoke postdiagnosis.

Objectives: Understanding the relationship between smoking and perceived cancer-related symptoms may inform tobacco treatment interventions for this population.

Methods: From 2017 to 2021, 740 adults in 9 ECOG-ACRIN trials provided baseline data.

Implementation of Billing for Patient Portal Messages as E-visits in a Large Integrated Health System.

Background: Patient-provider communication through the patient portal has markedly increased in recent years. Some health care facilities implemented programs to enable providers to bill for responding to patient-initiated messages that require substantive medical decision making through an e-visit.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of billing eligible patient-initiated portal messages as e-visits using a mixed-methods approach.

Understanding Noninferiority Trials: What Stroke Specialists Should Know.

Noninferiority trials aim to prove that the efficacy, defined in terms of a key clinical outcome, of a new treatment is not meaningfully worse than that of an established active control. Noninferiority trials are important when other aspects of care can be improved, such as convenience, toxicity, costs, and safety (nonefficacy benefits). While the motivation for a noninferiority trial is straightforward, the design, execution, and interpretation of these trials is not a trivial task.

Hemophilia B Leyden: characteristics and natural history in the International Pediatric Network of Hemophilia Management Registry.

Background: A unique form of hemophilia B (HB) is HB Leyden. We evaluated the international Pediatric Network on Hemophilia Management Registry (PedNet) database to explore the natural history of HB Leyden, investigate genotype-phenotype associations, and guide clinical decision-making.

Objectives: To assess the association between genetic variants, endogenous factor (F)IX levels over time, treatment, and bleeding phenotype in children with HB Leyden.

Tricuspid valve edge-to-edge repair simulations are highly sensitive to annular boundary conditions.

Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) simulations may provide insight into this novel therapeutic technology and help optimize its use. However, because of the relatively short history and technical complexity of TEER simulations, important questions remain unanswered. For example, there is no consensus on how to handle the annular boundary conditions in these simulations.

Cardiac events and dynamic echocardiographic and electrocardiogram changes following osimertinib treatment in lung cancer.

Osimertinib is first-line treatment for epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been associated with cardiotoxicity. However, the nature of cardiac remodeling and associated risk factors remains incompletely understood. Retrospective analysis of NSCLC patients with ≥1 echocardiogram post-osimertinib between 2007 and 2022 was performed.

Daidzein improves muscle atrophy caused by lovastatin by regulating the AMPK/FOXO3a axis.

Background: Lovastatin, the main lipid-lowering component in red yeast rice, is a golden anti-lipid drug, but its long-term application is continuously challenged by potential skeletal muscle atrophy. Daidzein, an isoflavone derived from soybeans and many Chinese medicines, shows therapeutic potential in treating muscle-related diseases and metabolic disorders. However, whether daidzein can improve lovastatin-induced muscle atrophy and the specific mechanism needs to further study.

Synovitis scoring in hand osteoarthritis with ultrasonography: the performance of the Global OMERACT/EULAR Ultrasound Synovitis Score (GLOESS) is comparable to synovial thickening alone.

Background: Inflammation is increasingly recognised as a treatment target in hand osteoarthritis, and therefore correct measurement of local inflammation is essential. This study aimed to assess ultrasound scoring of synovitis and the additional value of the Global OMERACT/EULAR Ultrasound Synovitis Score (GLOESS) in hand osteoarthritis.

Methods: Data from the randomised, double-blinded Hand Osteoarthritis Prednisolone Efficacy (HOPE) trial were used.

Navigating life after New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) and Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Insights from caregiver and patient interviews.

Objective: To describe the lived experience of patients with NORSE and explore quality of life (QOL) for patients and their caregivers.

Background: NORSE is a rare condition characterized by refractory status epilepticus, often of unknown cause, in a previously neurologically healthy individual. Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a subset of NORSE.

Evaluation of the Development, Implementation, Maintenance, and Impact of 3 Digital Surveillance Tools Deployed in Malawi During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Expert Consensus Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of strengthening national monitoring systems to safeguard a globally connected society, especially those in low- and middle-income countries. Africa's rapid adoption of digital technological interventions created a new frontier of digital advancement during crises or pandemics. The use of digital tools for disease surveillance can assist with rapid outbreak identification and response, handling duties such as diagnosis, testing, contact tracing, and risk communication.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in Humans.

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused widespread infections in dairy cows and poultry in the United States, with sporadic human cases. We describe characteristics of human A(H5N1) cases identified from March through October 2024 in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed data from persons with laboratory-confirmed A(H5N1) virus infection using a standardized case-report form linked to laboratory results from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention influenza A/H5 subtyping kit.

Microscopy image reconstruction with physics-informed denoising diffusion probabilistic model.

Light microscopy is a practical tool for advancing biomedical research and diagnostics, offering invaluable insights into the cellular and subcellular structures of living organisms. However, diffraction and optical imperfections actively hinder the attainment of high-quality images. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in applying deep learning techniques to overcome these challenges in light microscopy imaging.

Characterisation of Aequorivita ciconiae sp. nov., isolated from oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana.

A single novel bacterial strain designated as H23M31 was isolated from the faecal sample of oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana) that inhabits the Republic of Korea. It was a rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, and non-motile strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that it branched from Aequorivita within Flavobacteriaceae.

Downregulation of semaphorin 4A in keratinocytes reflects the features of non-lesional psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a multifactorial disorder mediated by IL-17-producing T cells, involving immune cells and skin-constituting cells. Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), an immune semaphorin, is known to take part in T helper type 1/17 differentiation and activation. However, Sema4A is also crucial for maintaining peripheral tissue homeostasis and its involvement in skin remains unknown.

Durvalumab and tremelimumab in patients with advanced rare cancer: a multi-centre, non-blinded, open-label phase II basket trial.

Background: Dual inhibition of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been shown to be an effective treatment strategy in many cancers. We sought to determine the objective response rate of combination durvalumab (D) plus tremelimumab (TM) in parallel cohorts of patients with carefully selected rare cancer types in which these agents had not previously been evaluated in phase II trials and for which there was clinical or biological rationale for dual immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy to be active.

Methods: We designed a multi-centre, non-blinded, open-label phase II basket trial with each of the following 8 rare cancers considered a separate phase II trial: salivary carcinoma, carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) with tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and/or expressing PD-L1, mucosal melanoma, acral melanoma, osteosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCCO) or squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA).

Maternal and neonatal outcomes following resuscitative hysterotomy for out of hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review.

Objective: To examine maternal and neonatal outcomes following Resuscitative Hysterotomy for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and to compare with timing from cardiac arrest to delivery.

Methods: The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023445064). Studies included pregnant women with out of hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitative hysterotomy performed (in any setting) during cardiac arrest.

Prognostic Implications of the Bethesda System in Fine-Needle Aspiration for Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma.

Context.—: Fine-needle aspiration is an effective tool for sampling thyroid nodules; its results are classified according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC), whose categories define malignancy risks.

Objective.

Surgical management of costal margin rupture associated with intercostal hernia: Evolution of techniques.

Introduction: Costal margin rupture (CMR) injuries in association with intercostal hernia (IH) are rare and symptomatic and provide a significant surgical challenge. Surgical failure rates up to 60% are reported, and optimal techniques are unclear. We have characterized these injuries and describe the evolution of our surgical management techniques.

Multimodal MRI analysis of microstructural and functional connectivity brain changes following systematic audio-visual training in a virtual environment.

Recent work has shown rapid microstructural brain changes in response to learning new tasks. These cognitive tasks tend to draw on multiple brain regions connected by white matter (WM) tracts. Therefore, behavioural performance change is likely to be the result of microstructural, functional activation, and connectivity changes in extended neural networks.

No Difference in 2-Year Outcomes for Non-Hypermobile Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy With and Without Closure of Periportal Capsulotomy.

Purpose: To assess whether capsular closure during hip arthroscopy with periportal capsulotomy affects 2-year postoperative outcomes for patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) without hypermobility.

Methods: A matched-cohort retrospective analysis of a single institutional database of patients who underwent hip arthroscopy with periportal capsulotomy for management of FAIS between 2014 and 2022 was performed. Study inclusion criteria consisted of patients with FAIS who exhibited no signs of generalized ligamentous laxity (GLL) (Beighton score 0).

Leifsonia stereocauli sp. nov., Isolated from Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. Lichen.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, non-motile with no flagella and irregularly rod-shaped, denominated strain YIM 134122, was isolated from a Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. lichen gathered on Baima Snow Mountain in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The novel strain grew at pH 6.

Beyond platelet production: Megakaryocytes' emerging roles in immunity and infection.

Conventionally, megakaryocytes (MKs) are regarded as platelet-producing cells and their platelet-related functions in haemostasis have been well documented. However, it is increasingly evident that MKs have functions beyond platelet production. Convincing findings suggest that MKs are active participants in immunity and infections.