Divergent transcriptional states and kinetics of circulating tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte repertoires with highly homologous T-cell receptor sequences in a patient during immunotherapy.

Evidence has shown that T-cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize the same epitopes may not be the exact TCR clonotypes but have slightly different TCR sequences. However, the changes in the genomic and transcriptomic signatures of these highly homologous T cells during immunotherapy remain unknown. Here, we examined the evolutionary features in circulating TCR clonotypes observed in tumors (tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-TCRs) by combining single-cell RNA/TCR sequencing of longitudinal blood samples and TCR sequencing of tumor tissue from a patient treated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4/programmed cell death protein-1 therapy.

Novel B7-H3 CAR T cells show potent antitumor effects in glioblastoma: a preclinical study.

Background: B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3), an overexpressed antigen across multiple solid cancers, represents a promising target for CAR T cell therapy. This study investigated the expression of B7-H3 across various solid tumors and developed novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting B7-H3 for CAR T cell therapy.

Methods: Expression of B7-H3 across various solid tumors was evaluated using RNA-seq data from TCGA, TARGET, and GTEx datasets and by flow cytometry staining.

Reduction in bacterial culture positivity rates at a human milk bank facility of a tertiary care hospital: a quality improvement initiative.

Background: Human milk banks (HMBs) offer the best feed for neonates after mother's own milk (MOM), especially when MOM is insufficient. Although HMBs are founded on standard protocols, contamination and wastage of milk due to positive milk cultures remain a problem. Present study was planned as a quality improvement (QI) initiative to reduce culture rates at the HMB.

The incidence, clinical features, microbiology, and visual outcomes of endophthalmitis associated with glaucoma surgery in children.

Purpose To study the incidence, clinical features, microbiology, and visual outcome of endophthalmitis associated with glaucoma surgery in children at a tertiary care eye hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods The medical records of patients <18 years of age who presented with endophthalmitis following glaucoma surgery between January 2008 and October 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Results Endophthalmitis after glaucoma surgery was observed in 20 eyes, or 18 out of 853 eyes that underwent glaucoma surgery at our institution (2.

Implementation of An Advance Care Planning Intervention in Dialysis Clinics.

Rationale & Objective: Sharing Patient's Illness Representations to Increase Trust (SPIRIT) is an evidence-based advance care planning intervention targeting dialysis patients and their surrogate decision-makers. To address SPIRIT's implementation potential, we report on a process evaluation in our recently completed five-state cluster-randomized trial.

Study Design: A descriptive study of implementation within a randomized clinical trial.

ARCH: Large-scale knowledge graph via aggregated narrative codified health records analysis.

Objective: Electronic health record (EHR) systems contain a wealth of clinical data stored as both codified data and free-text narrative notes (NLP). The complexity of EHR presents challenges in feature representation, information extraction, and uncertainty quantification. To address these challenges, we proposed an efficient Aggregated naRrative Codified Health (ARCH) records analysis to generate a large-scale knowledge graph (KG) for a comprehensive set of EHR codified and narrative features.

Chinese yam polysaccharide induces the differentiation and natural antibody secretion of IgM B cells to prevent Aeromonas hydrophila infection in grass carp.

Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) is an effective immunostimulant, however, its efficacy in grass carp, an important commercial fish species in Asia, remains untested. Here, our study evaluated the immunostimulatory effects of CYP on IgM B cells in vitro and on humoral immunity and immune defense against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in vivo. In vitro stimulation experiments showed that CYP could induce the secretion of IgM antibodies, because it could stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of head kidney IgM B cells.

Lactobacillus acidophilus YL01 and its exopolysaccharides ameliorate obesity and insulin resistance in obese mice via modulating intestinal specific bacterial groups and AMPK/ACC signaling pathway.

Probiotics intervention by Lactobacillus acidophilus has potential effect on alleviating obesity and insulin resistance. However, the limited knowledge of functional substances and potential regulatory mechanisms hinder their widespread application. Herein, L.

Synthesis of chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose connect flavonoid (CH-Fla-CMC) composite and their investigation of antioxidant, cytotoxicity activities.

This study successfully synthesised and characterised composites combining chitosan (CH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and various flavonoids (Fla). This innovative approach demonstrates the potential for developing functional materials with antioxidant and food preservation properties. The composites CH-Fla-CMC (1-5) was characterised using advanced techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, TEM, and TGA, providing robust data on their structural, morphological, and thermal properties.

Prognostic performance of the two-step clinical care pathway in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background & Aims: Current guidelines recommend a 2-step approach for risk stratification in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) followed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) or similar second-line tests. This study aimed to examine to prognostic performance of this approach.

Methods: The VCTE-Prognosis Study was a longitudinal study of patients with MASLD who had undergone VCTE examinations at 16 centres from the US, Europe and Asia with subsequent follow-up for clinical events.

Leveraging Epigenetic Alterations in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma for Clinical Applications.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by late detection and poor prognosis. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of epigenetic alter- ations in driving PDAC development and progression. These changes, in conjunction with genetic mutations, contribute to the intricate molecular landscape of the disease.

"The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Incidental Pulmonary Hydatidosis masquerading as Constitutional Symptoms".

Hydatid disease, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, remains a significant health concern in endemic regions. This case report aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges of pulmonary hydatid cysts in non-endemic areas, presenting a unique case of an incidental pulmonary hydatid cyst in a 31-year-old lactating female discovered during evaluation of non-specific constitutional symptoms.

Colistin antibacterial activity, clinical effectiveness, and mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance.

Following a period of disuse owing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, colistin has regained global attention as an antibiotic of last resort. The resurgence in its utilization has led to a concurrent increase in acquired resistance, presenting a significant challenge in clinical treatment. Predominantly, resistance mechanisms involve alterations in the lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure.

Isolation, characterization, and genome sequencing analysis of a novel phage HBW-1 of Salmonella.

Salmonella presents a significant threat to the health of animals and humans, especially with the rise of strains resistant to multiple drugs. This highlights the necessity for creating sustainable and efficient practical approaches to managing salmonellosis. The most recent and safest approach to combat antimicrobial resistance-associated infections is lytic bacteriophages.

First evidence of human infection by the kinetoplastid flagellate Dimastigella trypaniformis in a patient with urinary tract infection.

We present a case of an 88-year-old man with symptoms consistent with a urinary tract infection, whose diagnostic workup uncovered a previously unrecognized motile flagellated protozoan. Molecular identification confirmed the organism as Dimastigella trypaniformis, a free-living kinetoplastid from the Rhynchomonadidae family. Known only from soil samples in Scotland and termite gut contents in Australia and Germany, Dimastigella trypaniformis has not been previously reported to infect vertebrate hosts.

Effects of Methylglyoxal on Intestine and Microbiome Composition in Aged Mice.

Background: Methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is endogenously produced and prevalent in various ultra-processed foods. MGO has emerged as a significant precursor implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. To date, the effects of dietary MGO on the intestine have been limited explored.

Multimodal strategies for the implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions - update of a systematic review for the WHO guidelines on core components of IPC programmes at the facility level.

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a significant challenge worldwide, and the use of multimodal strategies is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to enhance infection prevention.

Objectives: To update the systematic review on facility-level infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions on the WHO Core Component of using multimodal strategies.

Methods: Data Sources: Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane library.

Dichloroacetate: A metabolic game-changer in alleviating macrophage inflammation and enhancing recovery after myocardial infarction.

Background: Dichloroacetate (DCA) has shown potential in modulating cellular metabolism and inflammation, particularly in cardiac conditions. This study investigates DCA's protective effects in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI), focusing on its ability to enhance cardiac function, reduce inflammation, and shift macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.

Methods: An acute MI model was created using left anterior descending coronary artery ligation.

Nutrient control of splice site selection contributes to methionine addiction of cancer.

Objectives: Many cancer cells depend on exogenous methionine for proliferation, whereas non-tumorigenic cells can divide in media supplemented with the metabolic precursor homocysteine. This phenomenon is known as methionine dependence of cancer or methionine addiction. The underlying mechanisms driving this cancer-specific metabolic addiction are poorly understood.

Preterm Births Attributable to Criteria Air Pollutant Exposure in Bangladesh During 2015-2019.

Criteria air pollutant exposure impacts human health through various pathways. Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the major adverse birth outcomes (ABO) associated with such exposure. Although numerous global and regional studies have been conducted on this issue, few have recently investigated the impact of major criteria air pollutant exposure on PTBs in Bangladesh, one of the world's most polluted countries with the highest relative PTB rate.

Pollution profiles, pathogenicity, and toxicity of bioaerosols in the atmospheric environment of urban general hospital in China.

Airborne microorganisms in hospitals present significant health risks to both patients and employees. However, their pollution profiles and associated hazards in different hospital areas remained largely unknown during the extensive use of masks and disinfectants. This study investigated the characteristics of bioaerosols in an urban general hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that airborne bacteria and fungi concentrations range from 87±35 to 1037±275 CFU/m and 21±15 to 561±132 CFU/m, respectively, with the outpatient clinic and internal medicine ward showing the highest levels.

Indobufen versus aspirin in patients with indication for antiplatelet therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Aspirin is commonly recommended for individuals who have experienced stroke or myocardial infarction (MI). Indobufen, a cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor, has been studied as a potential alternative. We conducted a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) to compare indobufen with aspirin in patients requiring antiplatelet therapy.