Comparison of hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in Intensive care units and wards of COVID-19: A large scale multicentric study in India.

Background: Hand hygiene is a significant component involved in preventing transmission of health care associated infections including COVID-19. Compliance to hand hygiene among the health care workers (HCWs) requires evaluation and timely feedback. "You can't improve what you can't measure" is a famous saying and this multicentric study was designed to measure hand hygiene compliance and have birds eye view on hand hygiene compliance in COVID Intensive care units (ICUs) and wards across India.

Concomitant Posteromedial Elbow Dislocation with Lateral Condyle Humerus Fracture in a 7 Years Old - A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Traumatic dislocations of the elbow are a rare injury in children. Concomitant elbow dislocations and lateral condyle fractures are even rarer. There is a wide variability in the outcomes of these injuries as there is no consensus regarding its management.

Altered immunoexpression of SOX2, OCT4 and Nanog in the normal-appearing oral mucosa of tobacco users.

Background: Tobacco use is causatively associated with various human cancers, including oral carcinoma. A number of pathways have been delineated to describe its etiopathological link with oral carcinogenesis, including alterations in the expression of stem cell markers. Embryonic stem cell markers, such as sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4) and homeobox protein Nanog, which are mainly involved in the maintenance of stemness and pluripotency, have been positively associated with the pathogenesis of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancers.

The Clinical Profile of Children With Hepatitis A Infection: An Observational Hospital-Based Study.

Introduction:  Hepatitis A is a frequent form of hepatitis, especially in children. The changing epidemiology of the disease signifies the need for descriptive data concerning the clinical presentation and outcome of hepatitis A in children. The present study describes the clinical and biochemical profile of children with hepatitis A infection from a tertiary care center in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra in Western India.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Postgraduate Psychiatry Teaching- Learning and Evaluation in India: A Nationwide Survey.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic had disrupted postgraduate (PG) medical education in India. This study aimed to assess PG teaching, learning, evaluation (TLE), and innovative TLE methods used during the pandemic.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey using Google Forms to seek anonymous responses from psychiatry teachers across India.

Forensic perspective of detecting ethanol with a breath analyser.

Breathalysers are commonly employed to diagnose drunk drivers but their ability to accurately measure levels of ethanol will depend on a number of variables, including the instrument's quality, environmental temperature, pattern of respiration, the consumption of food and drugs, pathological condition, metabolic state, and mouth alcohol. This article will consider how these factors affect results and provides suggestions on how to improve the test's admissibility in evidence.

Honey as a Cytological Fixative: A Comparative Study With 95% Alcohol.

Background Ninety-five percent (95%) ethyl alcohol (ethanol) has been used as a standard cytological fixative but it is expensive, difficult to procure, and has addictive properties. Alternate substitutes like methanol, which give similar results to ethanol, have toxic potential. Honey, a known preservative, is an eco-friendly fixative and is of great value when ethanol is unavailable and economizing on cost is necessary.

Determinants of hand function in children and adolescent with Down Syndrome-A scoping review.

Background: Down Syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition. Physical characteristics like short stature, hypotonia, small, and thick hands result in decreased grip and pinch strength and quality of fine motor tasks.

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence of upper extremity physical characteristics and its influence on hand function in DS population.

Prolonged COVID-19 symptom duration in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey.

Objective: We investigated prolonged COVID-19 symptom duration, defined as lasting 28 days or longer, among people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).

Methods: We analysed data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey (2 April 2021-15 October 2021) to identify people with SARDs reporting test-confirmed COVID-19. Participants reported COVID-19 severity and symptom duration, sociodemographics and clinical characteristics.

Eltrombopag in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Turkey: final analysis of CITE.

CITE was a prospective, noninterventional study in adult patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia treated with eltrombopag under routine clinical care in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Turkey. Data to assess eltrombopag usage, compliance, and outcomes were collected from May 2017 to December 2020. Platelet response was defined as platelet count ≥50 × 103/μL in the absence of rescue medications and splenectomy.

Selective targeting of GARP-LTGFβ axis in the tumor microenvironment augments PD-1 blockade via enhancing CD8 T cell antitumor immunity.

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, most patients with cancer fail to respond clinically. One potential reason is the accumulation of immunosuppressive transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Kidney Disease Patterns diagnosed by Kidney Biopsy: A Single-center Experience from Central India.

Unlabelled: The incidence of kidney disease patterns diagnosed by kidney biopsy depends on age, gender, race, socioeconomic, nutritional, and environmental factors. The present study was performed at a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India to show the current frequency of different types of kidney diseases through histopathological findings.

Materials And Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of kidney biopsies done in our institute between January 2016 and June 2021, and clinical and histopathological correlation was done from the available medical records.

MoCA in five Indian languages: A brief screening tool to diagnose dementia and MCI in a linguistically diverse setting.

Introduction And Objectives: Early dementia diagnosis in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) is challenging due to limited availability of brief, culturally appropriate, and psychometrically validated tests. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is one of the most widely used cognitive screening tests in primary and secondary care globally. In the current study, we adapted and validated MoCA in five Indian languages (Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam) and determined the optimal cut-off points that correspond to screening for clinical diagnosis of dementia and MCI.

Correlation of Liver and Myocardium Iron Concentration Determined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Serum Ferritin in Non-Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Patients.

Background The primary factor associated with fatality in thalassemia patients is heavy cardiac complications. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is accepted as the non-invasive modality of choice for diagnosing iron overload in the liver. This study aimed to correlate liver iron concentration (LIC) and myocardium iron concentration (MIC) determined by MRI and clinical and biochemical parameters in non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) patients.

Ilizarov Ankle Arthrodesis: A Simple Salvage Solution for Failed and Neglected Ankle Fractures.

Background: Infection around the ankle joint after fracture fixation, or septic arthritis with active discharging sinuses is often challenging to manage with conventional procedures of arthrodesis. The Ilizarov method of arthrodesis gives a better alternative for salvage in such cases.

Methods: This was a retrospective study including 20 patients who were subjected to tibiotalar arthrodesis with Ilizarov method.

Current perspective of immunomodulators for lung transplant.

Lung transplantation is an effective treatment option for selected patients suffering from end-stage lung disease. More intensive immunosuppression is enforced after lung transplants owing to a greater risk of rejection than after any other solid organ transplants. The commencing of lung transplantation in the modern era was in 1983 when the Toronto Lung Transplant Group executed the first successful lung transplant.

Our Experience with Two Handed Endoscopic Tympanoplasty.

Endoscopic tympanoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure and may be an alternative to conventional microscopic tympanoplasty with less operative time, producing similar graft uptake. Endoscopic tympanoplasty has a major disadvantage of single handedness which is overcome by a novel concept of "Two-handed technique" using Khan's Justtach (endoholder). The aim was to study the outcomes of two handed endoscopic tympanoplasty in terms of graft uptake and hearing outcome.

Spectrum of Common and Rare Small Molecule Inborn Errors of Metabolism Diagnosed in a Tertiary Care Center of Maharashtra, India.

Introduction Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) form a large group of genetic diseases involving defects in genes coding for enzymes, receptors, and cofactors in the metabolic pathways of small and large molecules. The present study is the comprehensive data analysis of the tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) and urine metabolic pattern for the diagnosis of IEMs by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in samples received for high-risk IEM screening. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of children diagnosed with IEMs presenting at the genetic clinic of Mahatma Gandhi Missions (MGM) Medical College, Aurangabad.

Early calcium and phosphorus supplementation in VLBW infants to reduce metabolic bone disease of prematurity: a quality improvement initiative.

Objective: To reduce the incidence of metabolic bone disease (MBD) among very low birthweight (VLBW) infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit from baseline of 35% by 50% over 2 years by implementing a quality improvement (QI) initiative.

Methods: A multidisciplinary QI team used evidence-based interventions and the healthcare improvement model to reduce MBD rate in VLBW infants. The specific interventions included routine enteral supplementation of calcium and phosphorus using Human Milk Fortifier (HMF) to expressed breast milk by day 14 of life (Plan/Do/Study/Act (PDSA) cycle 1), parenteral and early enteral supplementation of calcium and phosphorus (PDSA cycles 2 and 3).