A Novel Device and Method for Assay of Bacterial Chemotaxis Towards Chemoattractants.

Capillary assemblies and microfluidic devices used for bacterial chemotaxis assays have certain inherent limitations. This opens opportunities for innovation in the area. The present study describes an innovative economical device called chemotaxis plate and also a method to use this device for chemotaxis assay.

Hydroxide-Source-Dependent Polymorphism and Phase Stability of Cobalt(II) Hydroxides in Diffusion-Driven Systems.

Hydroxides of cobalt(II) exist predominantly in two polymorphic forms, namely, the blue-green α-form [α-Co(OH)] and reddish β-form [β-Co(OH)]. These hydroxides have a layered structure with interlayer galleries of around 7 and 4 Å, respectively, for α- and β-Co(OH). In most of the previous studies, both the polymorphs were synthesized separately, and a few of them showed that the α-form gets converted to a thermodynamically more stable β-form via physical processes.

Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Pyrazoleacetamide Derivatives.

Background: Fungal infections have posed a big challenge in the management of their treatment. Due to the resistance and toxicity of existing drug molecules in the light of pandemic infections, like COVID-19, there is an urgent need to find newer derivatives of active molecules, which can be effective in fungal infections.

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to design pyrazole derivatives using molecular modeling studies against target 1EA1 and synthesize 10 molecules of pyrazole derivatives using a multi-step synthesis approach.

Comparative analysis of bacterial diversity in accumulated snow and exposed sediments across Antarctic Islands.

The Antarctic continent hosts exceptional niches, making it an ideal environment for studying polyextremophilic microorganisms. These organisms are uniquely shaped by the geographic niches and variations in soil types. Here we present, a culture-independent approach using DNA metabarcoding to assess the bacterial communities associated with accumulated snow and exposed sediments across different Antarctic islands situated in the Larsemann Hills, Antarctica.

Substrate-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Fused Quinolines and Spirocyclic Benzimidazole-Fused Isoindoles.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed annulation of 2-arylbenzimidazoles with α-diazo carbonyl compounds via C-H activation/carbene insertion/intramolecular cyclization is explored. The switchable product selectivity is achieved by the use of distinct α-diazo carbonyl compounds. Benzimidazole-fused quinolines are obtained through [4 + 2] annulation exclusively when 2-diazocyclohexane-1,3-diones are used, where they act as a C2 synthon.

Ensemble Learning for Higher Diagnostic Precision in Schizophrenia Using Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Profile.

Introduction: Stigma contributes to a significant part of the burden of schizophrenia (SCZ), therefore reducing false positives from the diagnosis would be liberating for the individuals with SCZ and desirable for the clinicians. The stigmatization associated with schizophrenia advocates the need for high-precision diagnosis. In this study, we present an ensemble learning-based approach for high-precision diagnosis of SCZ using peripheral blood gene expression profiles.

Enhanced supercapacitor performance of a Cu-FeO/g-CN composite material: synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical analysis.

A Cu-doped FeO/g-CN composite, synthesized a straightforward hydrothermal process with controlled morphologies, represents a significant advancement in supercapacitor electrode materials. This study systematically analyzes the impact of Cu doping in FeO and its synergistic combination with g-CN to understand their influence on the electrochemical performance of the resulting composite, focusing on Cu doping in FeO rather than varying FeO/g-CN content. The comprehensive characterization of these composites involved a suite of physicochemical techniques.

Parallel Synthesis of Pyrazolone-Fused Cinnolines by the Palladium-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation of Pyrazol-3-ones with Substituted Allenoates.

The synthesis of pyrazolone-fused cinnolines from pyrazol-3-ones and α,γ-substituted allenoates via a palladium-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation cascade was developed. Mechanistic studies revealed the course of the reaction. Initially, -acyl-valine ligand-assisted -C-H activation gives -alkenylated intermediate.

A Quasi Universal Matalon-Packter Law for a Periodically Precipitating System of Iron(II) Hydroxide Involving Volumes and Concentrations of the Invading Electrolyte.

The Matalon-Packter (MP) empirical law of periodically precipitating (Liesegang phenomenon) systems under non-equilibrium conditions describes the dependence of the periodicity (spacing coefficient) on the initial concentration of the outer electrolyte. We aim to present the MP law in a more generalized form using a realistic approach wherein mass transfer in the gel column plays a role instead of the initial concentrations. This work is an attempt to make such progress.

Pd(II)-Catalyzed [5 + 2] Cyclization of -Triflyl Aryl Indoles and α,γ-Substituted Allenoates: A Route to Indole-Fused Benzodiazepines.

A Pd(II)-catalyzed [5 + 2] annulation between -triflyl aryl indoles and α,γ-substituted allenoates for the synthesis of indole-fused benzodiazepines is reported. This protocol is highly efficient when -acetylated valine amino acid and DMSO have been used as ligand and cosolvent, respectively. The substrate scope can be further extended to disubstituted allenoates.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed Switchable [4 + 1] and [4 + 2] Annulation of -Aryl Pyrazolones with Maleimides: An Access to Spiro Pyrazolo[1,2-]indazole-pyrrolidine and Fused Pyrazolopyrrolo Cinnolines.

A rhodium(III)-catalyzed controllable [4 + 1] and [4 + 2] annulation of -aryl pyrazolones with maleimides as C1 and C2 synthon has been explored for the synthesis of spiro[pyrazolo[1,2-]indazole-pyrrolidines] and fused pyrazolopyrrolo cinnolines. The product selectivity was achieved through time-dependent annulation. The [4 + 1] annulation reaction involves sequential Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H alkenylation of -aryl pyrazolone, followed by an intramolecular spirocyclization via aza-Michael-type addition to afford spiro[pyrazolo[1,2-]indazole-pyrrolidine].

Cu(II)-Metallized Three-Layered Cu-8HQ Complex with Hierarchical Crystallite Morphologies Synthesized via Reaction-Diffusion.

Self-organization of regular band patterns of the precipitate via a reaction-diffusion (RD) framework is called Liesegang phenomenon. This non-equilibrium system is emerging as an efficient method for synthesizing materials with unique morphologies that may have desired properties. The formation of continuous precipitation inside a band with poor control over the shape and size of sparingly soluble salts has been well documented.

Identification of Quorum Quenching N-Acyl Homoserine Lactonases from Priestia aryabhattai J1D and Bacillus cereus G Isolated from the Rhizosphere.

Several pathogenic bacteria communicate using N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) as a quorum sensing (QS) molecule. The process of interfering with the QS system is known as quorum quenching (QQ), it is an effective tool to control QS-dependent virulence in pathogens. In the present study, rhizosphere bacterial isolates were screened for their ability to produce AHL lactonase enzyme as QQ molecules, which hydrolyses AHL signalling molecules and consequently blocks the QS system.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed (4 + 1) Annulation of Pyrazol-3-ones with Alkynoates via -Alkenylation/Cyclization Cascade: Synthesis of Indazole-Fused Pyrazoles.

A facile synthesis of novel indazole-fused pyrazoles from pyrazol-3-ones and alkynoate esters/amides via Rh(III)-catalyzed sequential C-H activation/-alkenylation/intramolecular cyclization cascade is reported. The important characteristic of this method is that the resulting scaffold bearing quaternary carbon has been obtained through unusual [4 + 1] rather than expected [4 + 2] addition where alkynoate acts as a one-carbon unit.

Draft Genome Sequence of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Strain K4E3_SPR_NPP, Isolated from Kasol Hot Spring, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain K4E3_SPR_NPP is a thermophilic bacterium growing optimally at 70°C. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Geobacillus stearothermophilus strain K4E3_SPR_NPP, which was isolated from Kasol Hot Spring (72.3°C), Himachal Pradesh, India (32°0'46.

Synthesis of Ag/ZnO-AC composite photocatalyst: spectroscopic investigation, parameter optimization, synergistic effect and performance enhancement for cost-effective photocatalytic degradation of phenols and dyes.

A ternary photocatalyst composite-Silver decorated on ZnO supported with activated carbon (Ag/ZnO-AC) was investigated for the synthesis, characterization and UV assisted photocatalytic degradation of phenols and dyes present in wastewater. XPS and TEM revealed the elemental composition and formation of ternary Ag/ZnO-AC composite. Different operational parameters including the effect of calcination temperature, catalyst dose, initial concentration of pollutant and the effect of HO and ethanol were studied.

Peripheral Blood-Based Gene Expression Studies in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.

Schizophrenia is a disorder that is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, and socio-occupational impairment. The duration of observation and variability in symptoms can make the accurate diagnosis difficult. Identification of biomarkers for schizophrenia (SCZ) can help in early diagnosis, ascertaining the diagnosis, and development of effective treatment strategies.

Cr(VI)-Mediated Homogeneous Fenton Oxidation for Decolorization of Methylene Blue Dye: Sludge Free and Pertinent to a Wide pH Range.

Fe(II)-mediated Fenton process is commonly employed for oxidative degradation of recalcitrant pollutants in wastewater. However, the method suffers from limitations like narrow working pH range and iron sludge formation. The present work deals with the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye using Fenton-like oxidation by replacing Fe(II) with Cr(VI), which eliminates the limitations of classical Fenton oxidation.

Precise Evaluation of Spatial Characteristics of Periodically Precipitating Systems via Measurement of RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) Values of Pattern Images.

In the present study, a method is described for precise determination of spatial characteristics of Liesegang bands formed by employing a classical 1D setup using a web-based free resource (https://www.ginifab.com/feeds/pms/color_picker_from_image.

Milieu matters: An wound milieu to recapitulate key features of, and probe new insights into, mixed-species bacterial biofilms.

Bacterial biofilms are a major cause of delayed wound healing. Consequently, the study of wound biofilms, particularly in host-relevant conditions, has gained importance. Most studies employ refined laboratory media to study biofilms, representing conditions that are not relevant to the infection state.

Two antibacterial spiro compounds from the roots of wall: evidence from molecular docking.

Bioassay-guided isolation from acetone extract of the roots of Wall yielded two spiro compounds ( and ). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques such as IR, MS, 1 D and 2 D- NMR. The acetone extract, fractions and the isolated two compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity against two gram negative (, ) and two gram positive (, ) bacterial strains.

Comparative studies on measurement of membrane potential of bacterial cells treated with ZnO nanoparticles by Spectrofluorometry, fluorescence microscopy and flowcytometry.

Many methods are developed to assess antimicrobial action of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). A large number of methods associated with the use of fluorescent probes are developed, including Spectrofluorometry, fluorescence microscopy, and cytometry. In this study, flowcytometry, Spectrofluorometry and fluorescent microscopy was used to measure membrane potential variation of E.

Ti-superoxide catalyzed oxidative amidation of aldehydes with saccharin as nitrogen source: synthesis of primary amides.

A new heterogeneous catalytic system (Ti-superoxide/saccharin/TBHP) has been developed that efficiently catalyzes oxidative amidation of aldehydes to produce various primary amides. The protocol employs saccharin as amine source and was found to tolerate a wide range of substrates with different functional groups. Moderate to excellent yields, catalyst reusability and operational simplicity are the main highlights.

Catalyst-Controlled Regioselective Synthesis of Benzotriazlolodiazepin-7-ones and Benzotriazolodiazocin-8-ones.

A catalyst-controlled highly chemoselective and regioselective intramolecular cycloamidation of triazol-1-ylbenzamides toward the synthesis of scarcely known heterocycles is reported. In the presence of a palladium catalyst, this cycloisomerization reaction afforded substituted benzotriazlolodiazepin-7-ones via intramolecular insertion of a palladium into C-C triple bond in a 7--dig way. Alternatively, the use of a silver catalyst in the reaction produced substituted benzotriazolodiazocin-8-ones in a highly regioselective manner through 8--dig intramolecular ring closure.