Comprehensive analysis of the interaction microbiome and prostate cancer: an initial exploration from multi-cohort metagenome and GWAS studies.

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States with a high mortality rate. In recent years, the traditional opinion about prostate microbiome was challenged. Although there still are some arguments, an escalating number of researchers are shifting their focus toward the microbiome within the prostate tumor environment.

Gardnerella vaginalis-binding IgA in the urethra of sexually experienced males.

Background: Genital inflammation increases HIV susceptibility and is associated with the density of pro-inflammatory anaerobes in the vagina and coronal sulcus. The penile urethra is a critical site of HIV acquisition, although correlates of urethral HIV acquisition are largely unknown. While Streptococcus mitis is a consistent component of the urethral flora, the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis has been linked with prior penile-vaginal sex and urethral inflammation.

λ-cyhalothrin induced sex-specific inflammation, glia activation and GABAergic interneuron disruption in the hippocampus of rats.

Background: Glia mediated neuroinflammation and degeneration of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons are some of the hall marks of pyrethroid neurotoxicity. Here we investigated the sex specific responses of inflammatory cytokines, microglia, astrocyte and parvalbumin positive inhibitory GABAergic interneurons to λ-cyhalothrin (LCT) exposures in rats.

Methods: Equal numbers of male and female rats were given oral corn oil, 2 mg/kg.

Enhancing immunotherapy efficacy with synergistic low-dose radiation in metastatic melanoma: current insights and prospects.

Recent advances in oncology research have highlighted the promising synergy between low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) and immunotherapies, with growing evidence highlighting the unique benefits of the combination. LDRT has emerged as a potent tool for stimulating the immune system, triggering systemic antitumor effects by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Notably, LDRT demonstrates remarkable efficacy even in challenging metastatic sites such as the liver (uveal) and brain (cutaneous), particularly in advanced melanoma stages.

Medical Student Musculoskeletal Knowledge: Examining the Impact and Value of an Orthopaedic Surgery Clerkship Using the Freedman and Bernstein Examination.

Purpose: Given the importance of musculoskeletal knowledge but the limited orthopaedic instruction offered in medical school, our Orthopaedic Surgery Department developed a three-week clerkship for interested students. This study assesses the clerkship's impact on medical student musculoskeletal knowledge through administration of the Freedman and Bernstein Basic Cognitive Musculoskeletal Examination.

Methods: Medical students enrolled in the orthopaedic surgery clerkship between February 2019 and May 2024 were asked to participate in pre- and post-clerkship surveys using the Freedman and Bernstein Basic Cognitive Musculoskeletal Examination.

Critical factors influencing live birth rates in fresh embryo transfer for IVF: insights from cluster ensemble algorithms.

Infertility has emerged as a significant global health concern. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) assists numerous infertile couples in conceiving, yet some experience repeated, unsuccessful cycles. This study aims to identify the pivotal clinical factors influencing the success of fresh embryo transfer of in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Niche-derived Semaphorin 4A safeguards functional identity of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells.

Somatic stem cell pools comprise diverse, highly specialized subsets whose individual contribution is critical for the overall regenerative function. In the bone marrow, myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (myHSCs) are indispensable for replenishment of myeloid cells and platelets during inflammatory response but, at the same time, become irreversibly damaged during inflammation and aging. Here we identify an extrinsic factor, semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), which non-cell-autonomously confers myHSC resilience to inflammatory stress.

The impact of climate change on vulnerable populations in pediatrics: opportunities for AI, digital health, and beyond-a scoping review and selected case studies.

Climate change critically impacts global pediatric health, presenting unique and escalating challenges due to children's inherent vulnerabilities and ongoing physiological development. This scoping review intricately intertwines the spheres of climate change, pediatric health, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), with a goal to elucidate the potential of AI and digital health in mitigating the adverse child health outcomes induced by environmental alterations, especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). A notable gap is uncovered: literature directly correlating AI interventions with climate change-impacted pediatric health is scant, even though substantial research exists at the confluence of AI and health, and health and climate change respectively.

Experimental and computational approach on the corrosion inhibition properties of two newly pyrazole derivatives on carbon steel in acid medium.

In the current investigation, the efficiency inhibition of two newly synthesized bi-pyrazole derivatives, namely 2,3-bis[(bis((1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) methyl) amino)] pyridine (Tetra-Pz-Ortho) and 1,4-bis[(bis((1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) methyl) amino)] benzene (Tetra-Pz-Para) for corrosion of carbon steel (C&S) in 1 M HCl medium was evaluated. A Comparative study of inhibitor effect of Tetra-Pz-Ortho and Tetra-Pz-Para was conducted first using weight loss method and EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) and PDP (Potentiodynamic Polarisation) techniques. Tetra-Pz-Ortho and Tetra-Pz-Para had a maximum inhibition efficacy of 97.

A Multidisciplinary Multimodal Aligned Dataset for Academic Data Processing.

Academic data processing is crucial in scientometrics and bibliometrics, such as research trending analysis and citation recommendation. Existing datasets in this domain have predominantly concentrated on textual data, overlooking the importance of visual elements. To bridge this gap, we introduce a multidisciplinary multimodal aligned dataset (MMAD) specifically designed for academic data processing.

Medical Imaging Data Strategies for Catalyzing AI Medical Device Innovation.

Continuous and consistent access to quality medical imaging data stimulates innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for patient care. Breakthrough innovations in data-driven AI technologies are founded on seamless communication between data providers, data managers, data users and regulators or other evaluators to determine the standards for quality data. However, the complexity in imaging data quality and heterogeneous nature of AI-enabled medical devices and their intended uses presents several challenges limiting the clinical translation of novel AI technologies.

Accuracy of remote, video-based supraventricular tachycardia detection in patients undergoing elective electrical cardioversion: a prospective cohort.

Unobtrusive pulse rate monitoring by continuous video recording, based on remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), might enable early detection of perioperative arrhythmias in general ward patients. However, the accuracy of an rPPG-based machine learning model to monitor the pulse rate during sinus rhythm and arrhythmias is unknown. We conducted a prospective, observational diagnostic study in a cohort with a high prevalence of arrhythmias (patients undergoing elective electrical cardioversion).

Fairness in Low Birthweight Predictive Models: Implications of Excluding Race/Ethnicity.

Context: To evaluate algorithmic fairness in low birthweight predictive models.

Study Design: This study analyzed insurance claims (n = 9,990,990; 2013-2021) linked with birth certificates (n = 173,035; 2014-2021) from the Arkansas All Payers Claims Database (APCD).

Methods: Low birthweight (< 2500 g) predictive models included four approaches (logistic, elastic net, linear discriminate analysis, and gradient boosting machines [GMB]) with and without racial/ethnic information.

Bridging Gaps: Enhancing Sleep and Health Disparities in Latino Families with Young Adults with Autism Using a Culturally Adapted Intervention.

The present study examined the effects of a culturally adapted intervention, ¡Iniciando! la Adultez, on sleep and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Latino young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their Spanish-speaking parents. The intervention targeted the transition to adulthood, a period associated with increased challenges in sleep and HRQoL, particularly for underserved Latino populations. Participants included 26 young adults and 38 parents who completed assessments at baseline and post-treatment.

Imaging of elbow entrapment neuropathies.

Entrapment neuropathies at the elbow are common in clinical practice and require an accurate diagnosis for effective management. Understanding the imaging characteristics of these conditions is essential for confirming diagnoses and identifying underlying causes. Ultrasound serves as the primary imaging modality for evaluating nerve structure and movement, while MRI is superior for detecting muscle denervation.

Comparison of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Combined with Metformin Versus Metformin Alone in the Management of PCOS: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.

This study compared the efficacy and safety of glucogan-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) combined with metformin versus metformin alone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A systematic search of "PubMed", "EMBASE", "Cochrane Library", and "Web of Science", "Google Scholar" was conducted up to September 2024. Studies were included if they were RCTs investigating the combination of GLP1RAs and metformin in women diagnosed with PCOS.

Implementation Determinants of PrEP and Behavioral Health Treatment Referral among HIV Test Counselors.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an effective biomedical prevention intervention, is not sufficiently reaching populations experiencing high HIV incidence. Behavioral health (BH) treatment addressing mental health and substance use similarly requires increased reach to HIV-affected populations. HIV testing is an opportunity to refer individuals to PrEP and BH treatment.

An evaporite sequence from ancient brine recorded in Bennu samples.

Evaporation or freezing of water-rich fluids with dilute concentrations of dissolved salts can produce brines, as observed in closed basins on Earth and detected by remote sensing on icy bodies in the outer Solar System. The mineralogical evolution of these brines is well understood in regard to terrestrial environments, but poorly constrained for extraterrestrial systems owing to a lack of direct sampling. Here we report the occurrence of salt minerals in samples of the asteroid (101955) Bennu returned by the OSIRIS-REx mission.

Perioperative outcomes of robotic vs laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Background: Minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy has gained widespread acceptance among hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons due to its demonstrated advantages in perioperative outcomes compared to the conventional open approach. This meta-analysis, along with trial sequential analysis, aimed to compare the outcomes of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy and laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy based on the current available evidence.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from inception to July 2024.

Mental disorders related to psychosocial factors among delivery workers: results of a web survey in Brazil.

Purpose: The number of delivery workers (DW) has grown significantly with the rise of the platform economy. Evidence suggests that the working conditions faced by these workers are precarious, however, less is known about the health implications among workers. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders (MD) and occupational factors related to this condition among DW.

scRNA seq of an F1 cross of Marek's disease resistant and susceptible chickens identifies allele specific expression signatures enriched in transcription modulators.

Marek's disease (MD), a T cell lymphoma disease in chickens, is caused by the Marek's disease virus (MDV) found ubiquitously in the poultry industry. Genetically resistant Line 6 (L6) and susceptible Line 7 (L7) chickens have been instrumental to research on avian immune system response to MDV infection. In this study we characterized molecular signatures unique to splenic immune cell types across different genetic backgrounds 6 days after infection.

Time-resolved Brownian tomography of single nanocrystals in liquid during oxidative etching.

Colloidal nanocrystals inherently undergo structural changes during chemical reactions. The robust structure-property relationships, originating from their nanoscale dimensions, underscore the significance of comprehending the dynamic structural behavior of nanocrystals in reactive chemical media. Moreover, the complexity and heterogeneity inherent in their atomic structures require tracking of structural transitions in individual nanocrystals at three-dimensional (3D) atomic resolution.

Terrestrial friction-reducing properties of mucus and scale anisotropy in the amphibious Northern Snakehead (Channa argus).

The mucus coating around a fish's body is essential to its survival. It contains antimicrobial properties, aids in drag reduction, and protects against physical damage. It is versatile in the aquatic environment but little is known about the role of mucus in amphibious fishes.

Comparison of video laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy for urgent intubation in newborn infants: A meta-analysis.

Background: Securing a stable airway is a critical component in neonatal resuscitation. Compared to direct laryngoscopy, video laryngoscopy provides improved visualization of the glottis, potentially enhancing the success rate of intubation. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of video laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy in neonatal intubation.