Strain diversity and host specificity of the gut symbiont Gilliamella in Apis mellifera, Apis cerana and Bombus terrestris.

Social bees, with their specialized gut microbiota and societal transmission between individuals, provide an ideal model for studying host-gut microbiota interactions. While the functional disparities arising from strain-level diversity of gut symbionts and their effects on host health have been studied in Apis mellifera and bumblebees, studies focusing on host-specific investigations of individual strains across different honeybee hosts remain relatively unexplored. In this study, the complete genomic sequences of 17 strains of Gilliamella from A.

Evaluation and Comparison of the Academic Quality of Open-Access Mega Journals and Authoritative Journals: Disruptive Innovation Evaluation.

Background: Some scholars who are skeptical about open-access mega journals (OAMJs) have argued that low-quality papers are often difficult to publish in more prestigious and authoritative journals, and OAMJs may be their main destination.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the academic quality of OAMJs and highlight their important role in clinical medicine. To achieve this aim, authoritative journals and representative OAMJs in this field were selected as research objects.

Sex Differences in Natural History and Health Outcomes Among Individuals With Tic Disorders.

Objectives: To analyze sex differences in outcomes in Tourette syndrome (TS) and Persistent Motor or Vocal tic disorders (PMVT) in the Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics (TAAICG) dataset.

Methods: The relationship between sex and clinical measures was explored in 2,403 participants (N = 2,109 with TS; N = 294 with PMVT) from the TAAICG dataset using generalized estimating equation regression models, and adjusted for age and family relationships.

Results: Female (vs male) participants with TS (25.

Long-Range Charge Transport Facilitated by Electron Delocalization in MoS and Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures.

Controlling charge transport at the interfaces of nanostructures is crucial for their successful use in optoelectronic and solar energy applications. Mixed-dimensional heterostructures based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have demonstrated exceptionally long-lived charge-separated states. However, the factors that control the charge transport at these interfaces remain unclear.

Preserving the Academic Mission Amid Radiologist Shortages and Financial Pressures.

Academic radiology practices are navigating unprecedented operational and financial challenges, including a growing radiologist shortage, escalating imaging volumes, and mounting financial pressures driven by rising salaries, increasing practice expenses, and declining reimbursements. To address these challenges, academic department leaders must prioritize securing enhanced hospital professional service agreements and renegotiating outpatient imaging agreements. These strategic initiatives are essential to sustaining academic missions and ensuring long-term success.

Environmental exposures and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The global epidemiology of HCC is shifting due to changes in both established and emerging risk factors. This transformation is marked by an emerging prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes, alongside traditional risks such as viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV), and exposure to chemical agents like aflatoxin, alcohol, tobacco, and air pollution. This review examines how environmental exposures and evolving liver pathology, exacerbated by lifestyle and metabolic conditions, are contributing to the rising worldwide incidence of HCC.

Proper timing or ERCP and cholecystectomy on acute cholecystitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To determine if endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be performed with surgery or as a different step, on acute cholecystitis, and which strategy has the least complications and morbimortality.

Methods: Various databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, clinical trials, Google Scholar) were searched for randomized trials comparing the different timings for ERCP and cholecystectomy. No language or time restrictions were applied.

Damage control resuscitation: how it's done and where we can improve. A view of the Brazilian reality according to trauma professionals.

Introduction: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable deaths in trauma patients, resulting in 1.5 million deaths annually worldwide. Traditional trauma assessment follows the ABC (airway, breathing, circulation) sequence; evidence suggests the CAB (circulation, airway, breathing) approach to maintain perfusion and prevent hypotension.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of bictegravir in pregnant and postpartum persons with HIV and their infants.

Background: Limited data exist on bictegravir pharmacokinetics in pregnancy among persons with HIV (PWH) and infant washout.

Setting: Nonrandomized, open-label, multi-center phase-IV prospective study of bictegravir pharmacokinetics and safety in pregnant PWH and their infants.

Methods: Steady-state 24-hour pharmacokinetic sampling of oral bictegravir 50 mg once daily (a component of fixed-dose combination bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and postpartum was performed.

3D fluorescence staining and confocal imaging of low amount of intestinal organoids (enteroids): Protocol accessible to all.

The emerging field of 3D organ modeling encounters several imaging issues in particular related to antigen retrieval and sample loss during staining processes. Due to their compact shape, several antibodies fail to penetrate intact organoids or spheroids. Histology of organoids can be approached by paraffin inclusion and sectioning at 5 μm as performed for biopsies.

Ultrasound renal denervation in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Hypertension is the leading noncommunicable disease case affecting 1.28 billion individuals worldwide, with most cases located in low- and middle-income countries. While there are numerous techniques for treating mild to moderate hypertension, properly controlling severe or resistant hypertension poses substantial challenges.

Approach to the Patient with Achondroplasia - New Considerations for Diagnosis, Management and Treatment.

Achondroplasia is the most common disproportionate short-stature skeletal dysplasia. Features associated with achondroplasia are rhizomelia, macrocephaly, midface hypoplasia, and typical cognition. Potential medical complications include foramen magnum stenosis, hydrocephalus, middle ear dysfunction, obstructive and central sleep apnea, spinal stenosis and genu varum.

Can We Ever Develop an Ideal RNA Force Field? Lessons Learned from Simulations of the UUCG RNA Tetraloop and Other Systems.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are an important and well-established tool for investigating RNA structural dynamics, but their accuracy relies heavily on the quality of the employed force field (). In this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of widely used pair-additive and polarizable RNA s using the challenging UUCG tetraloop (TL) benchmark system. Extensive standard MD simulations, initiated from the NMR structure of the 14-mer UUCG TL, revealed that most s did not maintain the native state, instead favoring alternative loop conformations.

Palliative Care Initiated in the Emergency Department: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The emergency department (ED) offers an opportunity to initiate palliative care for older adults with serious, life-limiting illness.

Objective: To assess the effect of a multicomponent intervention to initiate palliative care in the ED on hospital admission, subsequent health care use, and survival in older adults with serious, life-limiting illness.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cluster randomized, stepped-wedge, clinical trial including patients aged 66 years or older who visited 1 of 29 EDs across the US between May 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, had 12 months of prior Medicare enrollment, and a Gagne comorbidity score greater than 6, representing a risk of short-term mortality greater than 30%.

Cannabinoid-based Pharmacology for the Management of Substance Use Disorders.

In the last two decades, the endocannabinoid system has emerged as a crucial modulator of motivation and emotional processing. Due to its widespread neuroanatomical distribution and characteristic retrograde signaling nature, cannabinoid type I receptors and their endogenous ligands finely orchestrate somatic and axon terminal activity of dopamine neurons. Owing to these unique features, this signaling system is a promising pharmacological target to ameliorate dopamine-mediated drug-seeking behaviors while circumventing the adverse side effects of, for instance, dopaminergic antagonists.

In Silico Structural Insights into a Glucanase from Clostridium perfringens and Prediction of Structural Stability Improvement Through Hydrophobic Interaction Network and Aromatic Interaction.

Glucanases are widely applied in industrial applications such as brewing, biomass conversion, food, and animal feed. Glucanases catalyze the hydrolysis of glucan to produce the sugar hemiacetal through hydrolytic cleavage of glycosidic bonds. Current study aimed to investigate structural insights of a glucanase from Clostridium perfringens through blind molecular docking, site-specific molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and binding energy calculation.

Restorative Neurostimulation Therapy Compared to Optimal Medical Management: A Randomized Evaluation (RESTORE) for the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain due to Multifidus Dysfunction.

Introduction: Many interventional strategies are commonly used to treat chronic low back pain (CLBP), though few are specifically intended to target the distinct underlying pathomechanisms causing low back pain. Restorative neurostimulation has been suggested as a specific treatment for mechanical CLBP resulting from multifidus dysfunction. In this randomized controlled trial, we report outcomes from a cohort of patients with CLBP associated with multifidus dysfunction treated with restorative neurostimulation compared to those randomized to a control group receiving optimal medical management (OMM) over 1 year.

Opioid Prescriptions for Low Back Pain among Military-Connected Older Adults Across Multiple Care Systems.

Background: Untreated low back pain (LBP) in older adults can lead to disability and development of chronicity. Due to the potential development of medical comorbidities and negative risks associated with pharmacological use, chronic LBP management for older adults requires a responsive approach.

Methods: The objective of this study is to evaluate the probability of (1) opioid prescription receipt and (2) opioid-sedative coprescription, in a sample of military-service-connected patients enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) or TRICARE, ages 30-85 years, receiving care in three systems: VHA, Military Health System (MHS), and nonfederal (civilian) healthcare facilities.

Hematuria in the ER patient: optimizing detection of upper tract urothelial - A pictorial essay.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare and challenging subset of the more frequently encountered urothelial carcinomas (UCs), comprising roughly 5-7% of all UCs and less than 10% of all renal tumors. Hematuria is a common presenting symptom in the emergency setting, often prompting imaging to rule out serious etiologies, with UTUC especially posing as a diagnostic challenge. These UTUC lesions of the kidney and ureter are often small, mimicking other pathologies, and are more aggressive than typical UC of the bladder, emphasizing the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis.

Efficacy and safety of preoperative duloxetine in reducing post-laparoscopic surgery pain: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Background: Recent studies suggest that duloxetine administration before non-laparoscopic surgery may reduce postoperative pain and analgesic requirement without increasing adverse event occurrence.

Aim: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on preoperative administration of duloxetine versus placebo for postoperative pain relief in adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery, assessing efficacy- and safety-related outcomes.

Method: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library, covering all records up to July 19, 2024.