Effect of perceived stigma on work and social roles among individuals with mental health disorders in Saudi Arabia: findings from a national survey.

Background: It is known worldwide that stigma towards mental illness exists. Studies on stigma perceived by patients with mental illness have shown decreased quality of life and a negative impact on work, school and social life. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of perceived stigma among respondents who had been diagnosed with a mental illness during the past 12 months, its association with socio-demographic variables and its effect on work and social roles limitations among Saudis.

Custodiol versus blood cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Blood-based cardioplegia is the standard myocardial protection strategy in pediatric cardiac surgery. Custadiol (histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate), an alternative, may have some advantages but is potentially less effective at myocardial protection. This study aimed to test whether custadiol is not inferior to blood-based cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Clinical, Radiological, and Genetic Characterization of a Patient with a Novel Homoallelic Loss-of-Function Variant in .

Heterozygous pathogenic variants in are linked to an autosomal dominant form of epileptic encephalopathy. Recently, homozygous loss-of-function variants in were reported to cause an autosomal recessive form of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in unrelated patients. Here, we investigated a singleton from a first-degree cousin marriage who presented with facial dysmorphism, global developmental delay, seizure disorder, and nystagmus.

Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19: An updated systematic review.

Lack of knowledge about the type and prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms as a clinical manifestation is one of the reasons for delayed diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients. This review study aimed to systematically review the type and prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients. To study the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19, we used the 06- PRISMA registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database.

Recurrent C3 Glomerulonephritis with an ADAMTS 13 Gene Variant: A Case Report and Literature Review.

C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) is a recently described form of GN that mainly occurs in children and young adults. It results from dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. Studies have shown that dense deposit disease has a high recurrence rate; however, since C3GN is a recently described disorder, its recurrence rate is still variable.

Fused F-Choline PET/MRI: A potential non-invasive biomarker imaging tool in cerebral vasculitis.

Primary CNS vasculitis is an inflammatory brain disease commonly misdiagnosed affecting the medium and small vessels of the CNS. Due to its broad and non-specific clinical and radiological manifestations; Its diagnosis remains challenging. New diagnostic tools and biomarkers which increase specificity and facilitate the diagnosis for patients with suspected vasculitis are highly desirable to enable physicians to start therapy that can alter its potential aggressive course like immunosuppressant.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients receiving interleukin-6 receptor antagonists and corticosteroid therapy: a preliminary report from a multinational registry.

Background: Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists (IL-6RAs) and steroids are emerging immunomodulatory therapies for severe and critical coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this preliminary report, we aim to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of adult critically ill COVID-19 patients, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV), and receiving IL-6RA and steroids therapy over the last 11 months.

Materials And Methods: International, multicenter, cohort study derived from Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness University Study registry and conducted through Discovery Network, Society of Critical Care Medicine.

Adjunctive ketamine for sedation in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients: an active-controlled, pilot, feasibility clinical trial.

Objective: Ketamine has been shown to decrease sedative requirements in intensive care unit (ICU). Randomized trials are limited on patient-centered outcomes. We designed this pilot trial to evaluate the feasibility of a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the effect of ketamine as an adjunct analgosedative compared with standard of care alone as a control group (CG) in critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation (MV).

Gastric wall metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: case report and review of the literature.

A 69-year-old male patient who had a history of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) post right hepatectomy presented a year later with iron-deficiency anemia. His anemia work-up included upper endoscopy that revealed multiple gastric polyp a biopsy from the largest demonstrated metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a gastric "polyp" without evidence of local HCC recurrence within the liver.

Factors underlying surrogate medical decision-making in middle eastern and east Asian women: a Q-methodology study.

Background: It is not clear how lay people prioritize the various, sometimes conflicting, interests when they make surrogate medical decisions, especially in non-Western cultures. The extent such decisions are perspective-related is also not well documented.

Methods: We explored the relative importance of 28 surrogate decision-making factors to 120 Middle-Eastern (ME) and 120 East-Asian (EA) women from three perspectives, norm-perception (N), preference as patient (P), and preference as surrogate decision-maker (S).

Investigating the pathogenic SNPs in BLM helicase and their biological consequences by computational approach.

The BLM helicase protein plays a vital role in DNA replication and the maintenance of genomic integrity. Variation in the BLM helicase gene resulted in defects in the DNA repair mechanism and was reported to be associated with Bloom syndrome (BS) and cancer. Despite extensive investigation of helicase proteins in humans, no attempt has previously been made to comprehensively analyse the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of the BLM gene.

Incidentally detected cardiac amyloidosis on Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy.

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an important cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). At present, 3 bone-seeking tracers, Tc-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (Tc-DPD), Tc-pyrophosphate (Tc-PYP), and Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (Tc-HMDP), have been evaluated for detecting CA, but they are not widely available. In contrast, methylene diphosphate (MDP) is widely available.

Adjunct low-dose ketamine infusion vs standard of care in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients at a Tertiary Saudi Hospital (ATTAINMENT Trial): study protocol for a randomized, prospective, pilot, feasibility trial.

Background: A noticeable interest in ketamine infusion for sedation management has developed among critical care physicians for critically ill patients. The 2018 Pain, Agitation/sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep disruption guideline suggested low-dose ketamine infusion as an adjunct to opioid therapy to reduce opioid requirements in post-surgical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). This was, however, rated as conditional due to the very low quality of evidence.

Gastrointestinal presentation of COVID-19 in a pediatric heart transplant recipient.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) most commonly causes a mild respiratory illness; however, there are wide ranges of presenting symptoms and disease severity. It has a mortality rate around 7%.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a 9-year-old female patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome status post heart transplantation at age of 7 days.

Molecular imaging of a glucagonoma with F-FDG PET/CT and Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging: A case report and review of the literature.

A 35-year-old man presented with significant weight loss of 30 kg over the previous 6 months, with newly diagnosed diabetes. Routine laboratory tests were normal, except for markedly elevated blood glucose. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed a large severely enhanced mass replacing most of the pancreas and liver metastatic nodules and multiple paraaortic lymph node metastases, F-fluorodeoxygluocse positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) was performed and revealed mild FDG uptake in the pancreatic mass, as well as mild uptake in the liver and lymph node metastases.

Evaluation of the Idylla KRAS and NRAS mutation test in colorectal cancer tissue.

Introduction: The currently approved techniques for RAS mutations testing in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue are labor-intensive and time consuming. The Idylla technology (IT) is a rapid and fully automated diagnostics system. The primary aim of this study is to compare the Idylla performance against that of conventional techniques (CT).

Successful Development of a Competency-Based Residency Training Program in Radiation Oncology: Our 15-Year Experience from Within a Developing Country.

One of the main challenges of delivering high quality of care to cancer patients in developing countries is the lack of well-trained radiation oncologists. This is a direct cause for the lack of residency programs coupled with lack of resources. This article describes and details establishments of a successful and sustainable radiation-oncology residency program in our country.

Prediction of life-story narrative for end-of-life surrogate's decision-making is inadequate: a Q-methodology study.

Background: Substituted judgment assumes adequate knowledge of patient's mind-set. However, surrogates' prediction of individual healthcare decisions is often inadequate and may be based on shared background rather than patient-specific knowledge. It is not known whether surrogate's prediction of patient's integrative life-story narrative is better.

Graft Versus Host Disease Following HLA-Matched Sibling Donor Compared with Matched Related Donor for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease.

Background: One of the limiting factors for successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is graft versus host disease (GVHD). The EBMT/ESID guidelines for HSCT in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) recommend no GVHD prophylaxis for a matched sibling donor (MSD).

Objective: To determine the risk of GVHD in MSD HSCT for SCID patients compared to matched related donor (MRD).

Acute and midterm outcomes of the post-approval MELODY Registry: a multicentre registry of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation.

Aims: The post-approval MELODY Registry aimed to obtain multicentre registry data after transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) with the Melody™ valve (Medtronic plc.) in a large-scale cohort of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods And Results: Retrospective analysis of multicentre registry data after TPVI with the Melody™ valve.

Anti-IgE therapy for asthma: an audit at atertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Although anti-IgE therapy has been shown to offer numerous benefits, we suspect it is underutilized locally. To date, there are no studies on any aspect of its use in the Arab region. There is also no information on whether physicians follow current guidelines nor on patient response to this form of therapy.

Association between breast arterial calcifications found on mammography and coronary artery calcifications in asymptomatic Saudi women.

Background: Currently, there are no data on the prevalence of breast arterial calcification (BAC) in Saudi women. Furthermore, there are no data on the relationship between BAC and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) as a coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor in Saudi women who undergo mammography.

Objective: Examine the role of BAC as a potential female-specific risk factor for CAD in Saudi women in order to investigate the relationship between BAC and CACS in women who undergo a screening mammography, and study the relationship between BAC and CAD risk factors, including age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), dyslipidemia, and family history of CAD.

Implementation of total laboratory automation at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: effect on turnaround time and cost efficiency.

Background: Total laboratory automation (TLA) is a relatively new way of improving the management of high volume clinical laboratories. TLA may reduce staff, reduce operating costs, decrease testing time and provide enhanced process control.

Objectives: Establish a cost efficient TLA that is less labor intensive, improves productivity and reduces turnaround time (TAT).

Successful Localization of the Source of Hemorrhage in Patient with Post-Whipple Surgery by Tc-Labelled Red Blood Cell Scintigraphy.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding Scintigraphy (GIBS) of Tc-labelled red blood cells is a relatively simple examination to perform, with high diagnostic accuracy and a relatively lower radiation dose. A positive scan can either suggest surgery without further investigation or can indicate angiography, a more targeted procedure. Whipple pancreatoduodenectomy is most often performed for tumors of the head of the pancreas.

Bilateral adrenal abnormalities: imaging review of different entities.

Bilateral adrenal abnormalities are not infrequently encountered during routine daily radiology practice. The differential diagnoses of bilateral adrenal abnormalities include neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities. The bilateral adrenal tumors include metastasis, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, adenoma, and myelolipoma.