Effect of high and low temperatures on the drugstore beetle (Coleoptera: Anobiidae).

The drugstore beetle, Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), is a pest of stored medicinal and aromatic plants. Generally, mortality of each stage increased with an increase of temperature and exposure time.

Genetics and mapping of seedling resistance to Ug99 stem rust in Canadian wheat cultivars 'Peace' and 'AC Cadillac'.

Stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f.

An introgression on wheat chromosome 4DL in RL6077 (Thatcher*6/PI 250413) confers adult plant resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust (Lr67).

Adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust and stripe rust derived from the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line PI250413 was previously identified in RL6077 (=Thatcher*6/PI250413). The leaf rust resistance gene in RL6077 is phenotypically similar to Lr34 which is located on chromosome 7D.

Recruitment of closely linked genes for divergent functions: the seed storage protein (Glu-3) and powdery mildew (Pm3) genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Wheat seed storage protein gene loci (Glu-3) and powdery mildew resistance gene loci (Pm3 and Pm3-like) are closely linked on the short arms of homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. To study the structural organization of the Glu-3/Pm3 loci, three bacterial artificial chromosome clones were sequenced from the A, B, and D genomes of hexaploid wheat. The A and B genome clones contained a Glu-3 adjacent to a Pm3-like gene organized in a conserved Glu-3/SFR159/Pm3-like structure.

Fusion body formation, germ tube anastomosis, and nuclear migration during the germination of urediniospores of the wheat leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina.

ABSTRACT Vegetative or parasexual recombination is thought to be a key mechanism for the genetic diversity of cereal rust fungi. The process of germ tube fusion leading to hyphal anastomosis and nuclear recombination was analyzed in wheat leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina. Germ tube anastomosis was observed in 27 P.

Production of patulin and citrinin by Penicillium expansum from British Columbia (Canada) apples.

Twenty-four isolates of Penicillium expansum Link from British Columbia (Canada) apples were cultured in yeast-extract sucrose (YES) at 25°C for 28 days to investigate production of patulin and citrinin. These isolates proved to be potent producers of citrinin, patulin, or in most cases, both mycotoxins. In every isolate, citrinin, patulin, or both compounds were produced at levels as high as 565 µg/mL (mean 269 µg/mL) and 100 µg/mL (mean 31 µg/mL), respectively.

QTL-specific microarray gene expression analysis of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight in Sumai-3 and two susceptible NILs.

Fusarium head blight, predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) in North America, is a destructive disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production around the world. cDNA microarrays consisting of wheat ESTs derived from a wheat - F.

Methods for functional proteomic analyses.

The term 'Proteomics' was introduced in 1997 to describe a growing interest in the study of the proteome - the expressed protein set of an organism. As this new discipline evolved, it quickly became obvious that proteomics would be a very complex and ambitious undertaking, perhaps even more so than genomics, which had engendered it. New techniques for both the separation and analysis/identification of proteins were emerging or being refined, and these facilitated the development of this new field.

Detection of Virulence to Resistance Gene Sr36 Within the TTKS Race Lineage of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici.

The stem rust resistance gene Sr36 confers a near-immune resistance reaction to many races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and is highly effective against race TTKSK (syn.

Chromosomal location and inheritance of stem rust resistance transferred from Hordeum bulbosum into cultivated barley (H. vulgare).

Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important disease on barley (Hordeum vulgare).

Germination of Ascospores of Gibberella zeae after exposure to various levels of relative humidity and temperature.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important cereal diseases in the world and has caused major losses to the grain industry. The principal pathogen causing FHB in North America is Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Information on survival and the conditions under which ascospores remain viable once released from perithecia may assist in refining disease forecasting models.

Genome organisation and retrotransposon driven molecular evolution of the endosperm Hardness (Ha) locus in Triticum aestivum cv Glenlea.

Wheat endosperm texture is controlled primarily by a locus (Ha), which comprises Gsp-1, Pina and Pinb genes encoding the so-called grain softness protein, puroindoline-a and puroindoline-b, respectively. Pina and Pinb were detected only on the D-genome of hexaploid wheat and its diploid progenitors while Gsp-1 was on all three homoeologous loci. Hexaploid cultivar Glenlea has a hard phenotype due to a null Pina genotype (D-genome) but the sequence organization is not reported.

Detached-Leaf Method for Propagating Puccinia coronata and Assessing Crown Rust Resistance in Oat.

The crown rust pathogen Puccinia coronata is an obligate biotroph with wind-disseminated propagules and numerous races. These characteristics make propagation of single-race cultures difficult. Genetic studies using single races in field and greenhouse environments are also problematic because pure cultures can easily become contaminated.

Influence of added bean flour (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on some physical and nutritional properties of wheat flour tortillas.

Composite flours containing 15%, 25%, or 35% of small red, black, pinto, or navy bean flours (BF) and wheat were made into tortillas. Dough rheology, firmness, cohesiveness, rollability, and some physical properties of tortillas were negatively affected as BF concentration increased regardless of bean cultivar. Nutritionally, all bean tortillas had significantly higher levels of crude protein, total phenols, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS(+)) in vitro antioxidant activity (AA) and antinutritional compounds such as phytic acid (PA) and trypsin inhibitors (TI) than the wheat control.

Detection of Virulence to Resistance Gene Sr24 Within Race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici.

The stem rust resistance gene Sr24 is effective against most races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including race TTKS (syn.

Host-Pathogen Interactions Among Barley Genotypes and Bipolaris sorokiniana Isolates.

Spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a damaging foliar disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and other cereal grains in Canada. In order to deploy resistance as an effective management tool, information on the virulence diversity present in the local population of the pathogen is necessary. Speculation regarding the presence of differential virulence versus continuous aggressiveness in B.

A hybrid Bayesian network learning method for constructing gene networks.

A Bayesian network (BN) is a knowledge representation formalism that has proven to be a promising tool for analyzing gene expression data. Several problems still restrict its successful applications. Typical gene expression databases contain measurements for thousands of genes and no more than several hundred samples, but most existing BNs learning algorithms do not scale more than a few hundred variables.

Assessment of ochratoxin A and tenuazonic acid in Canadian ice-wines.

Twenty-six samples of commercial ice-wine made from late-harvested grapes were assayed for the mycotoxins ochratoxin A and tenuazonic acid. Canadian wines originated in British Columbia (18) and Ontario (8). For comparison two German wines from Hesse were also studied.

Microsatellite mapping of adult-plant leaf rust resistance gene Lr22a in wheat.

This study was conducted to identify microsatellite markers (SSR) linked to the adult-plant leaf rust resistance gene Lr22a and examine their cross-applicability for marker-assisted selection in different genetic backgrounds. Lr22a was previously introgressed from Aegilops tauschii Coss. to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium analysis in bread wheat and durum wheat.

Bread wheat and durum wheat were examined for linkage disequilibrium (LD) using microsatellite markers distributed across the genome. The allele database consisted of 189 bread wheat accessions genotyped at 370 loci and 93 durum wheat accessions genotyped at 245 loci. A significance level of p < 0.

Leaf rust resistance gene Lr1, isolated from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a member of the large psr567 gene family.

In hexaploid wheat, leaf rust resistance gene Lr1 is located at the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 5D. To clone this gene, an F(1)-derived doubled haploid population and a recombinant inbred line population from a cross between the susceptible cultivar AC Karma and the resistant line 87E03-S2B1 were phenotyped for resistance to Puccinia triticina race 1-1 BBB that carries the avirulence gene Avr1. A high-resolution genetic map of the Lr1 locus was constructed using microsatellite, resistance gene analog (RGA), BAC end (BE), and low pass (LP) markers.

Virulence Diversity in the Population of Bipolaris sorokiniana.

Spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a damaging disease of barley in Canada, especially in the prairie region (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta) where most of Canadian crops are produced. Considerable interaction between isolates of the pathogen and barley genotypes necessitates the evaluation of the virulence diversity in the B. sorokiniana population in order to deploy effective resistance against the pathogen.

Letter Code System of Nomenclature for Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae.

Current systems that describe the virulence phenotype in Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae lack a systematic approach for the naming of races or to provide easily made comparisons of virulence among races.

Mapping of FHB resistance QTLs in tetraploid wheat.

Triticum turgidum L var. durum is known to be particularly susceptible to infection by Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent for Fusarium head blight (FHB), which results in severe yield losses and grain contaminated with mycotoxins. This research was aimed at identifying FHB resistance in tetraploid wheat and mapping the location of FHB resistance genes.

Microarray analysis of Fusarium graminearum-induced wheat genes: identification of organ-specific and differentially expressed genes.

A wheat cDNA microarray consisting of 5739 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was used to investigate the transcriptome patterns of the glume, lemma, palea, anther, ovary and rachis dissected from infected wheat spikes after inoculation with the fungus Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight (FHB) disease. Stringent conditions were employed to reduce the false discovery rate. The significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) was used to identify transcripts that showed a differential response between fungal-challenged vs.