Perspectives on Microbiome Therapeutics in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Approach Beyond Immunology and Microbiology.

Although global life expectancy has increased over the past 20 years due to advancements in managing infectious diseases, one-fifth of people still die from infections. In response to this ongoing threat, significant efforts are underway to develop vaccines and antimicrobial agents. However, pathogens evolve resistance mechanisms, complicating their control.

Nutritionally acquired immunodeficiency must be addressed with the same urgency as HIV to end tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious killer worldwide, with 10.6 million cases and 1.6 million deaths in 2021 alone.

Transcriptional Cofactors for Thyroid Hormone Receptors.

Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential throughout life. Its actions are mediated primarily by the thyroid hormone receptor (THR), which is a nuclear receptor. Classically, the THRs act as inducible transcription factors.

Nascent matrix deposition supports alveolar organoid formation from aggregates in synthetic hydrogels.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolar organoids have emerged as a system to model the alveolar epithelium in homeostasis and disease. However, alveolar organoids are typically grown in Matrigel, a mouse sarcoma-derived basement membrane matrix that offers poor control over matrix properties, prompting the development of synthetic hydrogels as a Matrigel alternative. Here, we develop a two-step culture method that involves pre-aggregation of organoids in hydrogel-based microwells followed by embedding in a synthetic hydrogel that supports alveolar organoid growth, while also offering considerable control over organoid and hydrogel properties.

An exploration of potential risk factors for gastroschisis using decision tree learning.

Purpose: Despite a wealth of research, the etiology of the abdominal wall defect gastroschisis remains largely unknown. The strongest known risk factor is young maternal age. Our objective was to conduct a hypothesis-generating analysis regarding gastroschisis etiology using random forests.

Air Pollution and Temperature in Seizures and Epilepsy: A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Studies.

Purpose Of The Review: Seizures and epilepsy can be debilitating neurological conditions and have few known causes. Emerging evidence has highlighted the potential contribution of environmental exposures to the etiology of these conditions, possibly manifesting via neuroinflammation and increased oxidative stress in the brain. We conducted a scoping review of epidemiological literature linking air pollution and temperature exposures with incidence and acute aggravation of seizures and epilepsy.

Obfuscation via pitch-shifting for balancing privacy and diagnostic utility in voice-based cognitive assessment.

Introduction: Digital voice analysis is gaining traction as a tool to differentiate cognitively normal from impaired individuals. However, voice data poses privacy risks due to the potential identification of speakers by automated systems.

Methods: We developed a framework that uses weighted linear interpolation of privacy and utility metrics to balance speaker obfuscation and cognitive integrity in cognitive assessments.

Myopericytoma of the hand.

Myopericytoma is a rare benign smooth-muscle cell neoplasm of the subcutaneous soft tissues that is primarily found in young adults with a male predominance. We present the clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of a longstanding myopericytoma of the hand. We emphasize the features that help the radiologist and pathologist to accurately characterize this entity.

"Rest of the folks are tired and weary": The impact of historical lynchings on biological and cognitive health for older adults racialized as Black.

Childhood structural racism may lead to poorer health and longevity for individuals racialized as Black. Racism-related stress cumulatively taxes the body resulting in worsening biological and cognitive health. This study examines the association between state-level exposure to historical lynchings (adverse childhood racism for modern older adults), with C-reactive protein (CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation), and global cognitive performance (modified TICS).

A comparison of scalable routine clinical materials and observer ratings to assess CBT fidelity.

Decades of research have demonstrated the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) for a wide variety of psychiatric diagnoses, resulting in the inclusion of CBT as a first-line evidence-based practice (EBP) in treatment guidelines for mood and anxiety disorders. However, some research suggests that many providers do not implement EBPs as intended. Ongoing quality monitoring is needed to support EBP implementation and sustainability, but "gold standard" fidelity monitoring (e.

The Dlk1-Dio3 noncoding RNA cluster coordinately regulates mitochondrial respiration and chromatin structure to establish proper cell state for muscle differentiation.

The coordinate regulation of metabolism and epigenetics to establish cell state-specific gene expression patterns during lineage progression is a central aspect of cell differentiation, but the factors that regulate this elaborate interplay are not well-defined. The imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 noncoding RNA (ncRNA) cluster has been associated with metabolism in various progenitor cells, suggesting it functions as a regulator of metabolism and cell state. Here, we directly demonstrate that the Dlk1-Dio3 ncRNA cluster coordinates mitochondrial respiration and chromatin structure to maintain proper cell state.

Navigating professional growth for women in radiology: A practical guide for mentorship, sponsorship, and coaching.

Historically, women in radiology are underrepresented in radiology and face disproportionate barriers to career advancement related to work-life integration, gender bias, and relative lack of female role models. Given these challenges, women must be proactive and seek out mentorship and sponsorship to help navigate career obstacles and to guide career direction. At times of inflection, coaching can play a role in helping to clarify next steps through self-discovery of one's strengths, limitations, and desired goals.

Assessing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Post-9/11 Veterans: Prevalence, Measurement Correspondence, and Comorbidity With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among Veterans but overlapping symptoms with other prevalent psychiatric disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) complicate diagnosis.

Dysregulation of astrocytic Aquaporin-1 in the brains of oldest-old rhesus macaques: the NIA caloric restriction study.

Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is a highly conserved water-channel protein, found to be expressed by astrocytes in adult humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Upregulation of cortical AQP1 expression occurs with cancer, injury, and neurodegenerative disease, but minimal information is available about the effects of normative aging on AQP1 expression. This study leverages tissues from the oldest-old rhesus macaques, some greater than 40 years of age, from the National Institute on Aging longitudinal study of caloric restriction (CR).

Predicting Structural Consequences of Antibody Light Chain N-Glycosylation in AL Amyloidosis.

Antibody light chains form amyloid fibrils that lead to progressive tissue damage in amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis. The properties of each patient's unique light chain appear to determine its propensity to form amyloid. One factor is N-glycosylation, which is more frequent in amyloid-associated light chains than in light chains from the normal immune repertoire.

Combination Prostatic Artery Embolization Prior to Water-Jet Ablation (Aquablation) for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy: A Propensity Score Analysis.

To compare post-operative bleeding measures in patients who underwent prostatic artery embolization (PAE) prior to water-jet ablation (aquablation) vs. water-jet ablation alone. A retrospective review identified 145 patients treated with water-jet ablation for benign prostatic hyperplasia from December 2018 to June 2021.

Does Incretin Agonism Have Sustainable Efficacy?

Recent clinical trials using synthetic incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists have demonstrated that these treatments ameliorated many complications related to obesity, emphasizing the significant impact of body weight on overall health. Incretins are enteroendocrine hormones secreted by gut endothelial cells triggered by nutrient ingestion. The phenomenon that oral ingestion of glucose elicits a much higher insulin secretion than intra-venous injection of equimolar glucose is known as the incretin effect.

Intensive Treatment of Chronic Pain and PTSD: The PATRIOT Program.

Military combat can result in the need for comprehensive care related to both physical and psychological trauma, most commonly chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These conditions tend to co-occur and result in high levels of distress and interference in everyday life. Thus, it is imperative to develop effective, time-efficient treatments for these conditions before they become chronic and resistant to change.

Metamaterial-Enabled Hybrid Receive Coil for Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Capabilities.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relies on high-performance receive coils to achieve optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but conventional designs are often bulky and complex. Recent advancements in metamaterial technology have led to the development of metamaterial-inspired receive coils that enhance imaging capabilities and offer design flexibility. However, these configurations typically face challenges related to reduced adaptability and increased physical footprint.

Real-World Study of US Adults with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Treated with Pegcetacoplan.

: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired, life-threatening disease characterized by complement-mediated hemolysis. OPERA is the first US longitudinal real-world study on C3 inhibitor therapy, known as pegcetacoplan. : OPERA enrolled US patients with PNH, age ≥18, who were prescribed pegcetacoplan, and data were collected from routine care.