Research on the miniaturization method of the broadband linear-to-circular polarization conversion metasurface based on genetic algorithm.

The size of the metasurface unit cell increases with the decrease of its center working frequency (). This is not conducive to the integrated design of the metasurface. To address the problem, a miniaturization design method based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed.

Fabrication of a high-performance Ge/Si PIN photodetector utilizing Ge/Si hetero-bonding with a microcrystalline Ge interlayer.

We present a high-performance Ge/Si PIN photodetector that leverages the advanced Ge/Si hetero-bonding method. The sputtered microcrystalline Ge is utilized as the interlayer, in conjunction with Smart-Cut technology, to fabricate high-quality Si-based Ge films. The exfoliated Ge film exhibits a surface roughness of 0.

Physics-driven untrained neural network for vortex beam compensation in adaptive optics aided underwater wireless optical communications.

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing is emerging as a critical technique for achieving high data capacity in underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC). Nonetheless, wavefront distortions induced by underwater turbulence compromise the orthogonality of OAM modes. In this paper, we introduce a physics-driven untrained learning approach for adaptive optics that operates independently of extensive amplitude datasets.

The Associations Between Sleep Duration and Various Metabolic Health Indices Among Adults in the United States: A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2021 to 2023 Dataset.

Objective: This study explores the associations between various sleep durations and metabolic health indices, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and waist circumference.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2021 to 2023, were analyzed. MANOVA and Bonferroni-adjusted ANOVAs were conducted to examine the relationships between sleep duration (sleep deprivation (≤5 h), short sleep (5-7 h), recommended sleep (7-9 h), and long sleep (>9 h)) and metabolic health indices.

Molecular Profiling of Odontoclasts during Physiological Tooth Replacement.

The odontoclast is a rarely studied cell type that is overly active in many dental pathologies, leading to tooth loss. It is difficult to find diphyodont mammals in which either physiological or pathological root resorption can be studied. Here we use the adult leopard gecko, which has repeated cycles of physiological tooth resorption and shedding.

Investigation of the frequency and selected prevalence factors of equid alphaherpesvirus 4 viremia in horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs.

Equid alphaherpesvirus 4 (EqAHV4; , ; equine rhinopneumonitis virus) has seldom been associated with complications such as abortion and myeloencephalopathy, given the low tendency of this virus to induce viremia. We investigated the frequency of EqAHV4 viremia in horses with fever and respiratory signs. Case selection included all equids with EqAHV4 quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)-positive nasal secretions (defined as EqAHV4 qPCR-positive cases) submitted to a diagnostic laboratory.

VEGFR3 mitigates hypertensive nephropathy by enhancing mitophagy via regulating crotonylation of HSPA1L.

Oxidative stress-associated proximal tubular cells (PTCs) damage is an important pathogenesis of hypertensive renal injury. We previously reported the protective effect of VEGFR3 in salt-sensitive hypertension. However, the specific mechanism underlying the role of VEGFR3 in kidney during the overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system remains unclear.

The moderating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between nurses' perceived workplace bullying and emotional exhaustion: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Workplace bullying (WPB) is common in nursing profession, leading to adverse effects on nurses' health and teamwork. Although it has been suggested that psychological capital (PsyCap) could potentially moderate the relationship between WPB and emotional exhaustion, there is currently a lack of direct empirical evidence supporting this claim. Therefore, this study aims to examine how PsyCap moderates the relationship between WPB and emotional exhaustion in nurses.

Suhexiang pill for acute ischemic stroke in real-world practice setting (SUNRISE): protocol of a multicenter registry.

Background: Suhexiang (SHX) pill is widely used for treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Experimental and randomized controlled trials suggested that SHX pill was beneficial for patients with AIS. However, the effectiveness of SHX pill in real-world practice setting remains unclear.

Reference genome provide insights into sex determination of silver aworana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum).

Background: Silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) is a basal fish species with sexual monomorphism, while its sex determination mechanism has been poorly understood, posing a significant challenge to its captive breeding efforts.

Results: We constructed two high-quality chromosome-level genome assemblies for both female and male silver arowana, with scaffold N50 values over 10 Mb. Combining re-sequencing data of 109 individuals, we identified a female-specific region, which was localized in a non-coding region, i.

Mitochondrial apoptosis in response to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.

In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), thrombolytic therapy and revascularization strategies allow complete recanalization of occluded epicardial coronary arteries. However, approximately 35% of patients still experience myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which contributing to increased AMI mortality. Therefore, an accurate understanding of myocardial I/R injury is important for preventing and treating AMI.

Marigold: a machine learning-based web app for zebrafish pose tracking.

Background: High-throughput behavioral analysis is important for drug discovery, toxicological studies, and the modeling of neurological disorders such as autism and epilepsy. Zebrafish embryos and larvae are ideal for such applications because they are spawned in large clutches, develop rapidly, feature a relatively simple nervous system, and have orthologs to many human disease genes. However, existing software for video-based behavioral analysis can be incompatible with recordings that contain dynamic backgrounds or foreign objects, lack support for multiwell formats, require expensive hardware, and/or demand considerable programming expertise.

Whole slide image based deep learning refines prognosis and therapeutic response evaluation in lung adenocarcinoma.

Existing prognostic models are useful for estimating the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients, but there remains room for improvement. In the current study, we developed a deep learning model based on histopathological images to predict the recurrence risk of lung adenocarcinoma patients. The efficiency of the model was then evaluated in independent multicenter cohorts.

The disparities and development trajectories of nations in achieving the sustainable development goals.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive framework for societal progress and planetary health. However, it remains unclear whether universal patterns exist in how nations pursue these goals and whether key development areas are being overlooked. Here, we apply the product space methodology, widely used in development economics, to construct an 'SDG space of nations'.

Forecasting the number of rural migrant workers in Chongqing using the optimized grey N_Verhulst model.

Scientific prediction of migrant worker numbers provides decision-making references for resolving rural talent supply issues. Based on the evolutionary patterns and data features of Chongqing's migrant workers, a new grey prediction model is constructed. The new model is constructed by introducing fractional-order operators in the real domain.

Research Progress in the Molecular Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Alzheimer's Disease and Regulation by Natural Plant Products.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prominent neurodegenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system in the elderly. Current understanding of AD primarily centers on the gradual decline in cognitive and memory functions, believed to be influenced by factors including mitochondrial dysfunction, β-amyloid aggregation, and neuroinflammation. Emerging research indicates that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the development of AD, with the inflammasome potentially mediating inflammatory responses that contribute to neurodegeneration.

Selenium-Enriched Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZZU 8-12 Regulates Intestinal Microbiota and Inhibits Acute Liver Injury.

Intake of certain Lactiplantibacillus strains was recognized as a potential strategy for acute liver injury (ALI) prevention. This study is aimed at developing a selenium-enriched Lactiplantibacillus strain-based ALI prevention strategy. L.

Characteristics of Patients with Hereditary Angioedema Who Reduced Lanadelumab Treatment Administration Frequency: A Retrospective Observational Study of US Claims Data.

Background: Lanadelumab is the only long-term prophylaxis indicated for reduced administration frequency in patients with hereditary angioedema who have been well controlled for > 6 months. Understanding the characteristics of patients who reduce administration frequency will help identify populations where frequency modifications may be appropriate.

Objective: We aimed to describe characteristics of patients who did and did not reduce lanadelumab administration frequency to inform real-world dosing regimens, and characteristics indicative of sustained frequency reduction.

Readmissions and Mortality After "Before Medically Advised" Hospital Discharges Among Medicare Beneficiaries with Opioid Use Disorder.

Background: "Before medically advised" (BMA) discharges are rising among hospitalized people with opioid use disorder (OUD) and associated with worse outcomes. However, little is known about BMA discharge among the growing share of U.S.

Unlocking hexafluoroisopropanol as a practical anion-binding catalyst for living cationic polymerization.

Living cationic polymerization (LCP) is a classical technique for precision polymer synthesis; however, due to the high sensitivity of cationic active species towards chain-transfer/termination events, it is notoriously difficult to control polymerization under mild conditions, which inhibits its progress in advanced materials engineering. Here, we unlock a practical anion-binding catalytic strategy to address the historical dilemma in LCP. Our experimental and mechanistic studies demonstrate that commercially accessible hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), when used in high loading, can create higher-order HFIP aggregates to tame dormant-active species equilibrium via non-covalent anion-binding principle, in turn inducing distinctive polymerization kinetics behaviors that grant efficient chain propagation while minimizing competitive side reactions.

Nedosiran in pediatric patients with PH1 and relatively preserved kidney function, a phase 2 study (PHYOX8).

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is an autosomal recessive disorder with dysregulated glyoxylate metabolism in the liver. Oxalate over-production leads to renal stones, progressive kidney damage and renal failure, with potentially life-threatening systemic oxalosis. Nedosiran is a synthetic RNA interference therapy, designed to reduce hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to decrease oxalate burden in PH.

Common and distinct neural patterns of gray matter alterations in adults with anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often share multiple similar symptoms and are highly comorbid; however, the common and distinct brain neuroanatomy of these two diseases are unclear. The current study attempted to identify the overlapping and different gray matter volume (GMV) between AN and OCD. We conducted a voxel-wise meta-analysis of GMV using the latest Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images Toolbox (SDM-PSI) software.

Structural basis for human NKCC1 inhibition by loop diuretic drugs.

Na-K-Cl cotransporters functions as an anion importers, regulating trans-epithelial chloride secretion, cell volume, and renal salt reabsorption. Loop diuretics, including furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide, antagonize both NKCC1 and NKCC2, and are first-line medicines for the treatment of edema and hypertension. NKCC1 activation by the molecular crowding sensing WNK kinases is critical if cells are to combat shrinkage during hypertonic stress; however, how phosphorylation accelerates NKCC1 ion transport remains unclear.

Micropeptide hSPAR regulates glutamine levels and suppresses mammary tumor growth via a TRIM21-P27KIP1-mTOR axis.

mTOR plays a pivotal role in cancer growth control upon amino acid response. Recently, CDK inhibitor P27KIP1 has been reported as a noncanonical inhibitor of mTOR signaling in MEFs, via unclear mechanisms. Here, we find that P27KIP1 degradation via E3 ligase TRIM21 is inhibited by human micropeptide hSPAR through its C-terminus (hSPAR-C), causing P27KIP1's cytoplasmic accumulation in breast cancer cells.

Individualized Neoantigen-Directed Melanoma Therapy.

Individualized neoantigen-directed therapy represents a groundbreaking approach in melanoma treatment that leverages the patient's own immune system to target cancer cells. This innovative strategy involves the identification of unique immunogenic neoantigens (mutated proteins specific to an individual's tumor) and the development of therapeutic vaccines that either consist of peptide sequences or RNA encoding these neoantigens. The goal of these therapies is to induce neoantigen-specific immune responses, enabling the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells presenting the targeted neoantigens.