The health-related experiences of detained immigrants with and without mental illness.

Background: Incarcerated individuals with mental illness face unique health challenges, yet we know little about individuals with mental illness who are detained by US immigration authorities. We aimed to describe the health-related experiences of detained immigrants with and without mental illness.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey in 2021 with a sample of recently detained immigrants who were detained by Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and released in the United States in 2020-2021 ( = 203).

α-Methyl-Tryptophan Inhibits SLC6A14 Expression and Exhibits Immunomodulatory Effects in Crohn's Disease.

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestines with a rising global incidence. Traditional diagnostic and therapeutic methods have limitations, necessitating the exploration of more effective strategies.

Methods: In this study, we employed the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify genes that are differentially expressed in CD.

The clinical impact of conventional therapies for adults and adolescents suffering from eosinophilic esophagitis, a type 2 inflammatory chronic disease, and their economic consequences in Italy: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder marked by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa. Despite advances in understanding and management, optimal therapeutic strategies remain unclear, with conflicting guidelines.

Objective: We sought to evaluate effectiveness and safety of topical corticosteroids (TCSs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in managing EoE and their economic implications in Italy.

TrimNN: Characterizing cellular community motifs for studying multicellular topological organization in complex tissues.

The spatial arrangement of cells plays a pivotal role in shaping tissue functions in various biological systems and diseased microenvironments. However, it is still under-investigated of the topological coordinating rules among different cell types as tissue spatial patterns. Here, we introduce the Triangulation cellular community motif Neural Network (TrimNN), a bottom-up approach to estimate the prevalence of sizeable conservative cell organization patterns as Cellular Community (CC) motifs in spatial transcriptomics and proteomics.

Impact of Prophylactic Use of PEG-rhG-CSF on First-Line Immunochemotherapy in Advanced NSCLC: A Cohort Study.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the impact of prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF on first-line immunochemotherapy in advanced NSCLC.

Methods: A cohort of patients with advanced NSCLC who received first-line immunochemotherapy at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 2019 and July 2024 was selected for this study. Patients were divided into the following two groups: a treatment group that received prophylactic PEG-rhG-CSF (≥1 cycle) 48 hours after immunochemotherapy and a control group that did not receive PEG-rhG-CSF.

Neurotransmitters crosstalk and regulation in the reward circuit of subjects with behavioral addiction.

Behavioral addictive disorders (BADs) have become a significant societal challenge over time. The central feature of BADs is the loss of control over engaging in and continuing behaviors, even when facing negative consequences. The neurobiological underpinnings of BADs primarily involve impairments in the reward circuitry, encompassing the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens in the ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex.

A novel application perspective of the clinical-used drug verapamil on osteoporosis via targeting .

Background: RANKL and SCLEROSTIN antibodies have provided a strong effective choice for treating osteoporosis in the past years, which suggested novel molecular target identification and therapeutic strategies development are important for the treatment of osteoporosis. The therapeutic effect of verapamil, a drug previously used for cardiovascular diseases, on diabetes was due to the inhibition of TXNIP expression, which has also been reported as a target in mice osteoporosis. Whether verapamil-inhibited TXNIP expression is related to osteoporosis and how it works on the molecular level is worthy to be explored.

Construction of an MXene/MIL Fe-53/ZIF-67 derived bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient overall water splitting.

Research on water splitting is paramount for developing low-carbon alternative energy sources. Nevertheless, creating an efficient, cost-effective, and bifunctional electrocatalyst that facilitates both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains an elusive goal. In this work, we report a novel hybrid nanostructured electrocatalyst by combining and pyrolyzing MXene, MIL-53(Fe), and ZIF-67.

Observation of the clinical characteristics of chronic diarrhoea in children and evaluation of the prognostic value of nutritional and immune indicators.

Background: This research aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of chronic diarrhoea in children and explore the prognostic value of nutritional status and immune indicators.

Methods: A total of 190 patients with chronic diarrhoea from January 2017 to June 2020 were enrolled to analyze their epidemiology. The patients were divided into a better prognosis group (cured and improved) and a poor prognosis group (uncured).

Application value of different imaging methods in the early diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma: a network meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic value of ultrasound, multi-phase enhanced computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of small hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: Experimental studies on diagnosing small hepatocellular carcinoma in four databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase, were comprehensively searched from October 2007 to October 2024. Relevant diagnostic accuracy data were extracted and a Bayesian model that combined direct and indirect evidence was used for analysis.

Rare mixed dementia: A case report.

Background: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare and recently described neuroinflammatory disease associated with specific autoantibodies. Anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (anti-LGI1) encephalitis is a rare but treatable type of AE discovered in recent years. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease and the most common cause of dementia.

How digital paywalls shape news coverage.

The internet has significantly transformed how news is produced, consumed, and distributed. As a result, the news industry has transitioned from ad-supported to subscription-based models regulated by digital paywalls. In the light of this disruption, it is crucial to investigate not only how news consumers adapt to this change but also how economic incentives shape content coverage.

Descriptive Analysis of Preoperative Breast Reconstruction Patient Expectations Using the BREAST-Q Expectations Module.

Patient expectations have been shown to influence postoperative outcomes across surgical specialties. However, the impact of expectations in breast reconstruction is not well understood. The purpose of this project is to perform the first large-scale analysis and classification of BREAST-Q Expectations responses in patients undergoing implant-based reconstruction.

Insight into the roles of lactylation in macrophages: functions and clinical implications.

Lactylation, a post-translational modification, has been linked to gene transcription regulation through epigenetic modulation in various pathophysiological processes. The lactylation regulatory proteins, known as writers, erasers, and readers, govern their dynamics by adding, removing, and recognizing lactyl groups on proteins. Macrophages, as cells of the immune system, maintain homeostasis, responding dynamically to diverse internal and external stimuli.

Single-Step Ethylene Purification and MTO Product Separation in a Nitrogen-Rich Microporous Metal-Organic Framework.

The nitrogen-rich metal-organic framework (MOF) , featuring a melamine (MA) functional group, enables efficient one-step CH purification and methanol-to-olefins (MTO) product separation. At 298 K, its adsorption capacity follows the order CH > CH > CH > CH. Breakthrough experiments showed that produced pure CH from C mixtures with a productivity of 22.

Regional brain iron correlates with transcriptional and cellular signatures in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The link between overload brain iron and transcriptional/cellular signatures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains inconclusive.

Methods: Iron deposition in 41 cortical and subcortical regions of 30 AD patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs) was measured using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). The expression of 15,633 genes was estimated in the same regions using transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA).

Empowerment in prevention: a qualitative inquiry into Black girl-centred strategies for reducing HIV/STI and drug misuse risk.

Black girls in the United States are disproportionately diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which can increase the risk of contracting HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), compared to adolescent girls of other races. Therefore, this study was designed to understand barriers to impactful HIV/STI and substance use prevention programmes for Black girls. Data was collected between October 2021 and June 2022 from twelve focus groups which included (N = 62) participants who identified as Black and female between the ages of 13 and 18 years old.

Single-Stage Midline Unifocalization Is Associated With Excellent Outcomes in Infants of All Ages.

Objective: Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries are a complex congenital heart defect. For years, our program has recommended early single-stage midline unifocalization at three to six months of age. However, many patients are referred beyond six months.

Vitamin B6 Alleviates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Impairment of Testis Development by Activating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a harmful environmental contaminant known to disrupt gut microbiota and cause health problems. In recent years, the role of vitamin B6 (VB6) in maintaining intestinal and reproductive health has attracted much attention. AFB1 has been found to damage the intestinal barrier and cause inflammation by disrupting the intestinal microbiota, particularly by increasing the abundance of .

SN2-Reaction-Driven Bonding-Heterointerface Strengthens Buried Adhesion and Orientation for Advanced Perovskite Solar Cells.

Traditionally weak buried interaction without customized chemical bonding always goes against the formation of high-quality perovskite film that highly determines the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. To address this issue, herein, we propose a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN2) driving strategy to idealize the robust buried interface by simultaneously decorating underlying substrate and functionalizing [PbX6]4- octahedral framework with iodoacetamide and thiol molecules, respectively. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that a strong SN2 reaction between exposed halogen and thiol group in two molecules occurs, which not only benefits the reinforcement of buried adhesion, but also triggers target-point-oriented crystallization, synergistically upgrading the upper perovskite film quality and accelerating interfacial charge extraction-transfer behavior.

Humic Acid with Vertical Adsorption Conformation Enhanced the Transport of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Colloids.

Humic acid (HA) enhances colloidal transport in porous media, yet the mechanisms by which the HA adsorption conformation affects colloid transport remain unclear. This study investigated the influence of HA on the transport of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soil colloids (TPHs-SC) in saturated sand columns. The presence of TPHs on the colloidal surface occupied adsorption sites, hindering HA from forming a horizontal adsorption conformation, as observed on uncontaminated soil colloids (SC).

First-principles study of the effect of Bi content on the photocatalytic performance of bismuth bromide oxide-based catalysts.

A comprehensive analysis of BiOBr has been carried out using first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) to explore the electronic structure, energy band structure, and essential properties related to its photocatalytic performance. DFT calculations reveal that BiOBr, BiOBr, BiOBr, BiOBr, BiOBr, and BiOBr have different indirect bandgap values of 2.46 eV, 2.

Top-Down Strategy Enabling Elastic Wood Nanocarbon Sponges with Wrinkled Multilayer Structure and High Compressive Strength for High-Performance Compressible Supercapacitors.

3D porous carbon electrodes have attracted significant attention for advancing compressible supercapacitors (SCs) in flexible electronics. The micro- and nanoscale architecture critically influences the mechanical and electrochemical performance of these electrodes. However, achieving a balance between high compressive strength, electrochemical stability, and cost-effective sustainable production remains challenging.

Advances in adhesion of microneedles for bioengineering.

Microneedles have provided promising platforms in various fields thanks to their safety, painlessness, minimal invasiveness and ease of operation. The excellent adhesion of microneedles is the key characteristic to achieve long-term and comfortable treatment. However, a complex environment, such as the roughness of skin, various bodily fluids , and the movement of the body, presents great challenges to the adhesion characteristics of microneedles.