hUC-MSCs Prevent Acute High-Altitude Injury through Apoe/Pdgf-b/p-Erk1/2 Axis in Mice.

Background: The hypobaric hypoxic atmosphere can cause adverse reactions or sickness. The purpose of this study was to explore the preventive effect and mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on acute pathological injury in mice exposed to high-altitude.

Methods: We pretreated C57BL/6 mice with hUC-MSCs via the tail vein injection, and then the mice were subjected to hypobaric hypoxic conditions for five days.

Bioaccumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and oxidative stress in snapping turtles in New York, USA.

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is an anthropogenic chemical found in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) and many consumer products. Despite its environmental ubiquity and persistence, little is known about the effects of PFOS on stress levels in wild animals. Here, we examined PFOS bioaccumulation and correlations between PFOS exposure and oxidative stress in snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) downstream of Griffiss Air Force Base in Rome, New York, a known source of AFFF contamination.

Impact and mechanism of the TBX-22 gene mutation G874A on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in medial edge epithelial cells.

Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) are prevalent congenital anomalies with complex genetic causes. The G874A mutation of T-box transcription factor 22 (TBX-22) gene is notably associated with CL/P, while the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. Studies have shown that the restriction of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) process in medial edge epithelial cells (MEEs) is crucial for CL/P development.

Design and Validation of a High-Fidelity Left Atrial Cardiac Simulator for the Study and Advancement of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion.

Purpose: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic cardiac arrhythmia that increases the risk of stroke, primarily due to thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) devices offer an alternative to oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention. However, the complex and variable anatomy of the LAA presents significant challenges to device design and deployment.

Deep learning-based Monte Carlo dose prediction for heavy-ion online adaptive radiotherapy and fast quality assurance: A feasibility study.

Background: Online adaptive radiotherapy (OART) and rapid quality assurance (QA) are essential for effective heavy ion therapy (HIT). However, there is a shortage of deep learning (DL) models and workflows for predicting Monte Carlo (MC) doses in such treatments.

Purpose: This study seeks to address this gap by developing a DL model for independent MC dose (MCDose) prediction, aiming to facilitate OART and rapid QA implementation for HIT.

Rethinking the residual approach: leveraging statistical learning to operationalize cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease.

Cognitive resilience (CR) describes the phenomenon of individuals evading cognitive decline despite prominent Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Operationalization and measurement of this latent construct is non-trivial as it cannot be directly observed. The residual approach has been widely applied to estimate CR, where the degree of resilience is estimated through a linear model's residuals.

Nutrition and Hypertension Researches in 2023: focus on salt intake and blood pressure.

Hypertension is a major global health issue that contributes significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The management and prevention of hypertension often involve nutritional and dietary modifications, which are considered effective non-pharmacological strategies. In 2023, the Hypertension Research published several papers highlighting nutrition and hypertension.

Cryogenic in-memory computing using magnetic topological insulators.

Machine learning algorithms have proven to be effective for essential quantum computation tasks such as quantum error correction and quantum control. Efficient hardware implementation of these algorithms at cryogenic temperatures is essential. Here we utilize magnetic topological insulators as memristors (termed magnetic topological memristors) and introduce a cryogenic in-memory computing scheme based on the coexistence of a chiral edge state and a topological surface state.

Ce1-xMnxVO4 with Improved Activity for Low-Temperature Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3.

Novel Ce1-xMnxVO4 catalysts prepared via modified hydrothermal synthesis were used in selective catalytic reduction of NO using NH3 (NH3-SCR). The Ce1-xMnxVO4 catalysts displayed optimum NO removal efficiency at 250 oC. Physicochemical properties including crystal type, morphology, particle size, elemental composition, BET surface area, chemical bond, and valence state were studied by XRD, TEM, EDS, N2 adsorption-desorption, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS.

Individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty is primarily linked to the structure of inferior frontal regions.

Increased intolerance of uncertainty (IU), or distress felt when encountering situations with unknown outcomes, occurs transdiagnostically across various forms of psychopathology and is targeted in therapeutic intervention. Increased intolerance of uncertainty shows overlap with symptoms of internalizing disorders, such as depression and anxiety, including negative affect and anxious apprehension (worry). While neuroanatomical correlates of IU have been reported, previous investigations have not disentangled the specific neural substrates of IU above and beyond any overlapping relationships with aspects of internalizing psychopathology.

Unveiling the role of PANoptosis-related genes in breast cancer: an integrated study by multi-omics analysis and machine learning algorithms.

Background: The heterogeneity of breast cancer (BC) necessitates the identification of novel subtypes and prognostic models to enhance patient stratification and treatment strategies. This study aims to identify novel BC subtypes based on PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) and construct a robust prognostic model to guide individualized treatment strategies.

Methods: The transcriptome data along with clinical data of BC patients were sourced from the TCGA and GEO databases.

Selective use of ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in patients with renal insufficiency: insights from a pilot study.

The use of conventional contrast agents in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is often limited in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to potential nephrotoxicity. Ferumoxytol, originally developed for iron supplementation, has emerged as a promising alternative MR contrast agent that is safer for patients with CKD. This study aims to present our center's experience with ferumoxytol as a contrast agent in CKD patients.

Rome Foundation Working Team Report on overlap in disorders of gut-brain interaction.

In patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), overlapping non-gastrointestinal conditions such as fibromyalgia, headaches, gynaecological and urological conditions, sleep disturbances and fatigue are common, as is overlap among DGBI in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. These overlaps strongly influence patient management and outcome. Shared pathophysiology could explain this scenario, but details are not fully understood.

Analysis of the effect of platelet function and different doses of ticagrelor after flow diverter treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Ticagrelor has become the standard drug for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) with flow diverters (FDs), but the dosage has not been standardized. The effect of platelet function on clinical and imaging prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to show the effects of different doses of ticagrelor and platelet aggregation function on the clinical and imaging prognosis after FDs treatment of aneurysms.

Spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of energy-related carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region based on nighttime light data.

Owing to China's massive area and vastly differing regional variations in the types and efficiency of energy, the spatiotemporal distributions of regional carbon emissions (CE) vary widely. Regional CE study is becoming more crucial for determining the future course of sustainable development worldwide. In this work, two types of nighttime light data were integrated to expand the study's temporal coverage.

Exposomics: a review of methodologies, applications, and future directions in molecular medicine.

The exposome is the measure of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. Exposomics is the emerging field of research to measure and study the totality of the exposome. Exposomics can assist with molecular medicine by furthering our understanding of how the exposome influences cellular and molecular processes such as gene expression, epigenetic modifications, metabolic pathways, and immune responses.

A bioinformatic approach to characterize the vitellogenin receptor and the low density lipoprotein receptor superfamily in the newt Cynops orientalis.

The Low Density Lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) gene family includes 15 receptors: very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), LDLR, Sorting-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA), and 12 LDL receptor-related proteins (LRPs): LRP1, LRP1B, LRP2, LRP3, LRP4, LRP5, LRP6, LRP8, LRP10, LRP11, LRP12, LRP13. Most of these are involved in the transduction of key signals during embryonic development and in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. In oviparous animals, the VLDL receptor is also known as VTGR since it facilitates the uptake of vitellogenin in ovary.

Machine learning meta-analysis identifies individual characteristics moderating cognitive intervention efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms.

Cognitive training is a promising intervention for psychological distress; however, its effectiveness has yielded inconsistent outcomes across studies. This research is a pre-registered individual-level meta-analysis to identify factors contributing to cognitive training efficacy for anxiety and depression symptoms. Machine learning methods, alongside traditional statistical approaches, were employed to analyze 22 datasets with 1544 participants who underwent working memory training, attention bias modification, interpretation bias modification, or inhibitory control training.

A genome-wide atlas of human cell morphology.

A key challenge of the modern genomics era is developing empirical data-driven representations of gene function. Here we present the first unbiased morphology-based genome-wide perturbation atlas in human cells, containing three genome-wide genotype-phenotype maps comprising CRISPR-Cas9-based knockouts of >20,000 genes in >30 million cells. Our optical pooled cell profiling platform (PERISCOPE) combines a destainable high-dimensional phenotyping panel (based on Cell Painting) with optical sequencing of molecular barcodes and a scalable open-source analysis pipeline to facilitate massively parallel screening of pooled perturbation libraries.

Multimodal machine learning enables AI chatbot to diagnose ophthalmic diseases and provide high-quality medical responses.

Chatbot-based multimodal AI holds promise for collecting medical histories and diagnosing ophthalmic diseases using textual and imaging data. This study developed and evaluated the ChatGPT-powered Intelligent Ophthalmic Multimodal Interactive Diagnostic System (IOMIDS) to enable patient self-diagnosis and self-triage. IOMIDS included a text model and three multimodal models (text + slit-lamp, text + smartphone, text + slit-lamp + smartphone).

Electrophysiological characterization of human KCNT1 channel modulators and the therapeutic potential of hydroquinine and tipepidine in KCNT1 mutation-associated epilepsy mouse model.

Patients suffering epilepsy caused by the gain-of-function mutants of the hKCNT1 potassium channels are drug refractory. In this study, we cloned a novel human KCNT1B channel isoform using the brain cDNA library and conducted patch-clamp and molecular docking analyses to characterize the pharmacological properties of the hKCNT1B channel using thirteen drugs. Among cinchona alkaloids, we found that hydroquinine exerted the strongest blocking effect on the hKCNT1B channel, especially the F313L mutant.