Suspended sediment (SPS) triggers nitrogen retention by altering microbial network stability and electron transport behavior during the aerobic-anoxic transition.

NO-N transformation, the vital biological process, determines nitrogen removal and retention in aquatic environment. Suspended sediment (SPS) ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems can accelerate the transitions from aerobic to anoxic states, inevitably impacting NO-N transformation. To elaborate on the microbial mechanism by which SPS content affected NO-N transformation, we explored nitrogen removal and retention, microbial communities, co-occurrence networks, and electron transfer behavior under different SPS content during the aerobic-anoxic transition.

The influence of enterprise ESG performance on overseas business income - Evidence from China.

As an emerging information disclosure system, enterprise ESG performance holds substantial importance for the international expansion of Chinese enterprises. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of literature examining the relationship between the ESG performance of Chinese enterprises and their overseas business income. This research utilizes data from Chinese A-share listed companies spanning from 2009 to 2022 to explore the causal link between ESG performance and overseas business income.

Removal, conversion and utilization technologies of alkali components in bayer red mud.

Bayer red mud is a highly alkaline industrial solid waste generated during alumina production, and its massive discharge and stockpiling poses significant environmental risks. The strong alkalinity of red mud is a primary challenge limiting its effective utilization. This study systematically analyzes the composition and characteristics of alkaline components in red mud, emphasizing the roles of soluble free alkali and chemically bound alkali in regulating its alkalinity.

Efficacy and safety of antibody-drug conjugates in pretreated HER2-low metastatic breast cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd) and sacituzumab-govitecan (SG) provided significant progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) improvements over chemotherapy (CT) in pretreated hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and triple-negative (TN)/HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, no direct comparison between the two exists, nor with the more recent datopotamab-deruxtecan (Dato-DXd).

Methods: We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare efficacy and safety of T-DXd and SG in CT-pretreated HR+ and TN/HER2-low MBC and assess their benefit over standard CT, exploring also a comparison with Dato-DXd.

Ginsenoside Rh2 promotes cell apoptosis in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia by MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is a common childhood malignant tumour, which has poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2), a bioactive ingredient of has significant anti-tumour effect. In this study, we found that gene expressions of Jurkat cells were significantly changed in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signalling pathways after 35 µm GRh2 treatment, involving in JUN, PIEN, AKT3 and MAPK8IP2.

Increased nuclear factor I-mediated chromatin access drives transition to androgen receptor splice variant dependence in prostate cancer.

Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants, of which ARv7 is the most common, are increased in castration-resistant prostate cancer, but the extent to which they drive AR activity is unclear. We generated a subline of VCaP cells (VCaP16) that is resistant to the AR inhibitor enzalutamide (ENZ). AR activity in VCaP16 is driven by ARv7, independently of full-length AR (ARfl), and its cistrome and transcriptome mirror those of ARfl in VCaP cells.

Transcriptional profile of the rat cardiovascular system at single-cell resolution.

We sought to characterize cellular composition across the cardiovascular system of the healthy Wistar rat, an important model in preclinical cardiovascular research. We performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) in 78 samples in 10 distinct regions, including the four chambers of the heart, ventricular septum, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, aorta, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary veins, which produced 505,835 nuclei. We identified 26 distinct cell types and additional subtypes, with different cellular composition across cardiac regions and tissue-specific transcription for each cell type.

CSF1-R inhibition attenuates posttraumatic osteoarthritis and quadriceps atrophy following ligament injury.

Knee osteoarthritis contributes substantially to worldwide disability. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) develops secondary to joint injury, such as ligament rupture, and there is increasing evidence suggesting a key role for inflammation in the aetiology of PTOA and associated functional deficits. Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1-R) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal degeneration following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.

Genetic analysis of psychosis Biotypes: shared Ancestry-adjusted polygenic risk and unique genomic associations.

The Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) created psychosis Biotypes based on neurobiological measurements in a multi-ancestry sample. These Biotypes cut across DSM diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Two recently developed post hoc ancestry adjustment methods of Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) generate Ancestry-Adjusted PRSs (AAPRSs), which allow for PRS analysis of multi-ancestry samples.

Effectiveness of dolutegravir-based regimens compared to raltegravir-, elvitegravir-, bictegravir, and darunavir-based regimens among older adults with HIV in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS).

Background: Real-world data on treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for newer drugs, including integrase strand transfer inhibitors, among older people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) are limited.

Methods: This cohort study included PWH enrolled in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) who were prescribed a standard 3-drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen containing dolutegravir (DTG), bictegravir (BIC), cobicistat boosted elvitegravir (EVG), raltegravir (RAL), or darunavir/ritonavir (DRV) plus 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors between January 1, 2014, and March 31, 2020, and who were ≥50 years at regimen initiation. The association between regimen and virologic effectiveness or discontinuation was assessed using logistic regression models with inverse probability of treatment weights.

Impact of chronic intranasal oxytocin administration on face expression processing in autistic children: a randomized controlled trial using fMRI.

Background: Difficulties with (non-verbal) social communication, including facial expression processing, constitute a hallmark of autism. Intranasal administration of oxytocin has been considered a potential therapeutic option for improving social difficulties in autism, either by enhancing the salience of social cues or by reducing the social stress and anxiety experienced in social encounters.

Methods: We recorded fMRI brain activity while presenting neutral, fearful and scrambled faces, to compare the neural face processing signature of autistic children (n = 58) with that of matched non-autistic controls (n = 38).

Complications and patient-reported outcomes after radiotherapy in breast cancer patients undergoing implant-based breast reconstruction: a retrospective study from a large Chinese breast disease center.

Background: Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) can influence the outcome of implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR). This study aims to investigate the complications and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following PMRT between direct-to-implant (DTI) and tissue expander-to-implant (TEI) reconstruction.

Methods: The retrospective study included breast cancer patients undergoing IBBR and PMRT.

International workshop: what is needed to ensure outcome measures for Rett syndrome are fit-for-purpose for clinical trials? June 7, 2023, Nashville, USA.

Introduction: The clinical, research and advocacy communities for Rett syndrome are striving to achieve clinical trial readiness, including having fit-for-purpose clinical outcome assessments. This study aimed to (1) describe psychometric properties of clinical outcome assessment for Rett syndrome and (2) identify what is needed to ensure that fit-for-purpose clinical outcome assessments are available for clinical trials.

Methods: Clinical outcome assessments for the top 10 priority domains identified in the Voice of the Patient Report for Rett syndrome were compiled and available psychometric data were extracted.

Single- and multi-locus genome-wide association study reveals genomic regions of thirteen yield-related traits in common wheat.

Genetic dissection of yield-related traits can be used to improve wheat yield through molecular design breeding. In this study, we genotyped 245 wheat varieties and measured 13 yield-related plant height-, grain-, and spike-related traits, in seven environments, and identified 778 loci for these traits by genome-wide association study (GWAS) using single- and multi-locus models. Among these loci, nine were major, of which seven were novel, including Qph/lph.

Clinical application of multi-direction temporary Kapandji technique and volar locking plate fixation for type C distal radius fractures.

Purpose: Achieving and maintaining an optimal reduction in partially or fully displaced intra-articular fractures, specifically Type C distal radius fractures, can present challenges. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate and summarize a method utilizing multi-directional temporary Kapandji technique in combination with the volar locking plate fixation for these fractures.

Method: The study involved 15 patients diagnosed with Type C distal radius fractures who underwent surgery between January 2024 and April 2024.

Adverse birth outcome research case definitions associated with maternal HIV and antiretroviral drug use in pregnancy: a scoping review.

Background: Adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and stillbirth) seem to persist in infants born to people with HIV, even in the context of maternal antiretroviral therapy. However, findings have been disparate, inconclusive, and difficult to compare directly across settings, partly owing to variable outcome definitions. We aimed to collate, compare, and map existing adverse birth outcome definitions to inform a harmonized approach to universally measure these outcomes in studies including pregnant people with HIV.

Apatinib Mesylate Inhibits Cell Proliferation and the Metastasis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through ERK/ELK-1/Snail Pathway.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of apatinib (APT) mesylate on the growth, migration ability, and underlying mechanisms in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines Kyse30 and Kyse150. Additionally, the anti-metastatic effects of APT mesylate were further validated in a nude mouse xenograft metastasis model. In vitro, APT mesylate treatment significantly reduced cell viability and migration ability in both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Genomic Biomarkers Associated with Enfortumab Vedotin Outcomes for Patients with Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Analysis of UNITE Study Data.

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is used as monotherapy or combined with pembrolizumab in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC), but biomarker data associated with EV outcomes are limited. We identified 170 patients in the UNITE study who received EV monotherapy and had molecular biomarker data available. Outcomes for groups with and without a particular biomarker were compared using logistic regression (unadjusted) for the objective response rate (ORR), and a log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazard models (CPHMs) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from EV initiation.

Programmable ultrasound-mediated swarms manipulation of bacteria-red blood cell microrobots for tumor-specific thrombosis and robust photothermal therapy.

Despite the excellent advantages of biomicrorobots, such as autonomous navigation and targeting actuation, effective penetration and retention to deep lesion sites for effective therapy remains a longstanding challenge. Here, we present dual-engine cell microrobots, which we refer to as PR-robots, created by conjugating photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) with red blood cells (RBCs). The robots penetrate the tumor interior in swarms through combined hypoxic traction and ultrasound actuation (UA).

Tumor-derived exosomes: unravelling the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer with liver metastases and exploring the potential for clinical translation.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant solid cancers, and PC metastasis, particularly liver metastasis, is a major cause of cancer mortality. A key event in tumor metastasis is the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which provides a microenvironment conducive to tumor cells colonization and progression. Various molecules loaded in tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) contribute to PMN formation and distant tumor metastasis, by regulating immune and stromal cell function, inducing angiogenesis, and promoting metabolic reprogramming.

Stress reactivity moderates the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in adolescents: Results from a population-based study.

Background: A large body of evidence links stressful life events with depression. However, little is understood about the role of perceived impact in this association.

Methods: We performed regression analysis to investigate whether self-reported stress reactivity (derived by regressing the impact-weighted life event score on the unweighted score) moderated the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort (n = 4791), controlling for age at outcome, sex, ethnicity, and maternal education.