Prevention of diabetes from prediabetes in real world setting in South India.

Aim: The aim was to explore the effect of lifestyle modification in a real world situation to prevent the progression to diabetes in India.

Methods: Participants who underwent OGTT from August 2017-2022 and were diagnosed as having Prediabetes (n = 200) were assigned into control (group1, n = 100) received standard care and intervention (group2, n = 100) received intensive counseling on physical activity (PA) and diet. PA included walking for 150 min/week and personalized advice based on the profession.

Hyperglucagonemia and impaired insulin sensitivity are associated with development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes - A study from South India.

Background And Aims: Glucagon levels and glucagon suppression in response to oral glucose load has not been elucidated at different stages of glucose intolerance in India.

Methods: A total of 81 subjects underwent OGTT and were classified into three groups as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 23), prediabetes (PreDM) (n = 33), newly diagnosed diabetes (NDM) (n = 25). Insulin and glucagon at fasting, 30 and 120 min was measured by ELISA.

Effect of yoga intervention on biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes in South India: Results from the SATYAM project.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of yoga intervention on the biochemical, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Subjects with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care centre for diabetes during Feb 2017 to Oct 2019 in Chennai, India were randomly assigned to two different groups. Group1(non-Yoga) (n = 150) was advised on simple physical exercises whereas group2(Yoga) (n = 150) was trained and advised to do yogasanas with static loosening exercises for 50 min for 5 days in a week.

Heart failure in people with type 2 diabetes vs. those without diabetes: A retrospective observational study from South India.

Background And Aim: Despite diabetes being an independent risk for HF, only some DM patients develop HF and hence our aim was to compare the clinical features of DM with and without HF and non-DM with and without HF.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 397 individuals who visited two tertiary care centres. They were classified into 4 groups - DM with HF(DM-HF), DM without HF, non-DM with HF(non-DM-HF) and non-DM without HF.

Anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-27, IL-10, IL-1Ra and TGF-β in subjects with increasing grades of glucose intolerence (DM-LTB-2).

Anti-inflammatory cytokines act as double edged swords- they can dampen inflammation but can also suppress immunity. The role played by these cytokines in latent TB infected (LTBI) subjects, with various grades of glucose intolerance was studied. Both serum levels and recall-secretion of IL-27, IL-10, IL-1Ra and TGF-β in Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT), Pre-Diabetes (PDM), Newly diagnosed Diabetes (NDM) and Known Diabetes (KDM) subjects, both with and without LTBI (n = 382), were quantified by ELISA.

The metabolic drivers of neuropathy in India.

Aims: To determine the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and neuropathy in Chennai, India.

Methods: We recruited participants attending the M.V.

Prevalence of Hypertension among Urban Poor with and without Diabetes - A Study from South India.

Objective: Hypertension and Diabetes are considered as two leading risk factors of mortality in the world. According to an ICMR-INDIAB study, prevalence of hypertension in Tamil Nadu was higher in urban population than the rural population. Hence this study was planned to estimate the prevalence and distribution of hypertension among the urban poor with and without diabetes.

Higher dietary salt and inappropriate proportion of macronutrients consumption among people with diabetes and other co morbid conditions in South India: Estimation of salt intake with a formula.

Aim: The present study analysed the regular salt and macronutrients consumption of South Indian population with diabetes, hypertension and renal dysfunction.

Methods: The cross sectional study was performed among 200 subjects, divided into four different groups consisted of control, subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) without any other complications, T2DM subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and T2DM subjects with hypertension (HTN). The dietary salt intake was estimated from 24-h urinary sodium excretion and the amount of macronutrients was calculated using 24-h dietary recall method.

Diabetic Foot Ulcer as a Cause of Significant Decline in the Renal Function Among South Indian Population With Type 2 Diabetes: Role of TGF-β1 and CCN Family Proteins.

In the present study, a total of 428 South Indian subjects were divided into four different groups, consisting of individuals with type 2 diabetes without any other complications (T2DM), T2DM subjects with stage 2 and 3 diabetic kidney disease (CKD), T2DM subjects with grade 2 or 3 diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and T2DM subjects having both diabetic kidney disease and diabetic foot ulcer (CKDDFU). The study was conducted ambispectively by comparing the changes in renal function among two consecutive periods, i.e.

Blood pressure control in diabetes-the Indian perspective.

A tremendous increase in the coexistence of diabetes and hypertension has been observed recently in India. Apart from lifestyle and genetic factors, socioeconomic status, age, gender, occupation and lack of awareness are also contributing to the tremendous increases in the prevalence of both the diseases. Hypertension has been long recognised as one of the major risk factors for chronic disease burden, morbidity and mortality in India, attributable to 10.

Insights on Medical Nutrition Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Indian Perspective.

It is critical to integrate medical nutrition therapy (MNT) provided by a registered dietician (RD) into primary care of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is necessary to achieve the goals of improving overall metabolic measures beyond calorie restriction and weight loss. Misconceptions about nutrition in T2DM add to the challenges of executing MNT in a culturally sensitive population.

Comparison of Two Creatinine Based Equations for Routine Estimation of GFR in a Speciality Clinic for Diabetes.

Objective: To compare the bias, absolute bias, precision and accuracies between the equations, viz., CKD-EPI (Scr), CKD-EPI (Scys) and MDRD in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: 198 patients who underwent 24 h urinary collection for assessing kidney function between November 2014-January 2015 were included.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors among People with Diabetes in South India.

Objective: To assess the sex differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes, visiting the hospital between March-December 2012.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among the type 2 diabetes patients attending M.V.

Prevalence of Risk Factors of Diabetes Among Urban Poor South Indian Population.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors of diabetes among urban poor population in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, South India.

Study And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from Dec-2010 to Feb-2011 in Chennai city. Five hundred twenty-nine subjects aged above 18 years (409 women and 120 men) habitants of three slums were randomly selected.

Replication of genome-wide association signals in Asian Indians with early-onset type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To evaluate the association of 87 genetic variants previously associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in genome-wide association studies of populations of European ancestry in an Asian Indian population with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (EOT2DM).

Methods: The study groups comprised of 877 type 2 diabetes individuals, 436 individuals with EOT2DM (age at diagnosis below 35 years), 441 individuals with older T2DM (diagnosis at 35 years or greater) and controls with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 400 younger than 35 years; n = 438 older than 35 years). The participants were genotyped for 87 SNPs from 44 genes and 27 intergenic loci.

Presence of elevated non-HDL among patients with T2DM with CV events despite of optimal LDL-C - A report from South India.

Elevated non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) was the commonest lipid abnormality among T2DM patients with cardiovascular events (CV) events. Prevalence of elevated non-HDL-C was 21.6% among patients who were on statin therapy and with optimal low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.

Type 1 diabetes: Awareness, management and challenges: Current scenario in India.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has a wide presence in children and has a high mortality rates. The disease, if left unmanaged, poses various challenges to the patient and healthcare providers, including development of diabetic complications and thus decreasing the life expectancy of the affected child. The challenges of T1DM include awareness of the disease that is very poor among the general public and also in parents of T1DM children along with the health care professionals.

Direct costs associated with chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients in India.

The aim of this study was to estimate the direct costs of medical care among hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 209 (M:F, 133:76) patients were divided into groups based on the severity of kidney disease. Group 1 subjects had undergone renal transplantation (n = 12), group 2 was CKD patients on hemodialysis (n = 45), group 3 was patients with CKD, prior to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (n = 66), and group 4 (n = 86) consisted of subjects without any complications.

Incidence of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors among subjects with type 2 diabetes - an 11-year follow up study.

Aims: This study was planned to assess the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events over an 11-year period and to identify the associated risk factors that could predict the onset of CVD among subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Retrospective data of 249 patients (M:F 149:100) with type 2 diabetes, from a cohort of 7800 patients, attending a tertiary care center for diabetes from January 2000 to December 2011 were retrieved and analyzed for this study. Sociodemographic and habitual risk factors, baseline diabetes duration, HbA1c and time of onset of CVD and its risk factors were collected from case records.

Effect of diabetes on treatment outcome of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis--a report from South India.

Aim: To assess the effect of diabetes on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome and sputum conversion among new smear-positive (NSP) cases registered under Directly Observed Treatment Short Course in South India.

Methods: Details on sputum conversion and TB treatment outcome were collected from case records of NSP cases (N = 332; M/F 247:85) registered at TB units of three districts in Tamil Nadu. Subjects were screened for diabetes and categorized as diabetic (TBDM) (n = 96; 73:23) and non-diabetic (TBnonDM) (n = 149; 109:40).

Risk of diabetes in subjects with sedentary profession and the synergistic effect of positive family history of diabetes.

Background: Sedentarism in the workplace, which accelerates risk of diabetes, is least explored in the Indian population. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether prolonged sitting hours in work place predisposes individuals to risk of diabetes and also to estimate risk of diabetes in sedentary workers with a positive family history of diabetes (FHD).

Subjects And Methods: Data of age-matched 514 subjects previously undiagnosed with diabetes from two different occupational groups (bank employees and schoolteachers) in Chennai, India from opportunistic screening were taken for analysis.

Evaluation of performance of A1c and FPG tests for screening newly diagnosed diabetes defined by an OGTT among tuberculosis patients-a study from India.

Aim: The methods used for diagnosis of diabetes have limitations particularly in situations associated with stress hyperglycemia. Aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of A1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) tests for screening newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD) defined by OGTT among tuberculosis (TB) cases in India.

Methods: A total of 983 subjects aged ≥18 years with TB were selected from 7 TB units - 4 urban, 2 rural and 1 semi-urban areas of Tamil Nadu, India, during August 2010-March 2011.

Effect of spironolactone and amiloride on thiazolidinedione-induced fluid retention in South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background And Objectives: Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) induce renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-mediated sodium reabsorption, resulting in plasma volume (PV) expansion. Incidence and long-term management of fluid retention induced by thiazolidinediones remain unclear.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: In a 4-week run-in period, rosiglitazone, 4 mg twice daily, was added to a background anti-diabetic therapy in 260 South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes and associated risk factors among tuberculosis patients in India.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognised as an important risk factor to tuberculosis (TB). India has high TB burden, along with rising DM prevalence. There are inadequate data on prevalence of DM and pre-diabetes among TB cases in India.