Tau Pathology Drives Disease-Associated Astrocyte Reactivity in Salt-Induced Neurodegeneration.

Dietary high salt intake is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have identified a population of disease-associated astrocytes (DAA)-like astrocytes closely linked to amyloid deposition and tau pathology in an AD mouse model. However, the presence and role of these astrocytes in high-salt diet (HSD) models remain unexplored.

Contextual Factors that Influence Antibiotic Prescribing: A Discrete Choice Experiment of GP Registrars.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global emergency related to overprescribing of antibiotics. Few studies have explored how prescribing behaviours may change as the consequence of changing resistance. Understanding how contextual factors influence antibiotic prescribing will facilitate improved communication strategies to promote appropriate antibiotic prescribing.

In Vitro Biochemical Control of Taenia solium and Taenia saginata Eggs.

Purpouse: The present study evaluated in vitro the action of the plant protease papain (EC 3.4.22.

Oral Esketamine as Alternative for Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Case Series.

Objectives: This study investigates repeated oral esketamine as a substitution strategy for maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT) in eight patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Methods: In a 6-week dosing phase, esketamine was titrated from 0.5 or 1.

Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Rapid, Sensitive Detection of the Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Juice and Water Samples.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the popular herbicides that is widely used in agriculture and can be found in food and water. A rapid and sensitive fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was proposed for the detection of 2,4-D in juice and water. New tracers, 2,4-D-buthylenediamin fluoresceinthiocarbamyl (2,4-D-BDF) and 2,4-D-glycine aminofluorescein (2,4-D-GAF), were obtained and characterized.

Pooled safety analysis and management of sotorasib-related adverse events in KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: We describe the safety of sotorasib monotherapy in patients with KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discuss practical recommendations for managing key risks.

Methods: Incidence rates of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were pooled from 4 clinical trials: CodeBreaK 100 (NCT03600883), CodeBreaK 101 (NCT04185883), CodeBreaK 105 (NCT04380753), and CodeBreaK 200 (NCT04303780) and graded according to CTCAE v5.0.

Nanoengineered RF-Sputtered MnO Cathode Thin Films for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Insights into Diffusion Dynamics and Application Potential.

Manganese oxides are a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), but thin-film configurations remain underexplored. This study investigates the electrochemical dynamics of 60 nm thin MnO thin films, fabricated via RF magnetron reactive sputtering. It addresses the highest reported capacity (25 mAh/g) in thin film form, stability over 500 cycles, effective performance across varying current rates, surpassing previous studies and challenges such as phase stability, and capacity fading over extended cycling, aiming to enhance uniformity, minimizing diffusion barriers for improved performance.

Physico-chemical properties and substrate specificity of α-(1→3)-d-glucan degrading recombinant mutanase from expressed in .

Unlabelled: The gene encoding fungus mutanase (MutA, GH71 family, α-1,3-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.

Vascular HIF2 Signaling Prevents Cardiomegaly, Alveolar Congestion, and Capillary Remodeling During Chronic Hypoxia.

Background: Hypoxia is associated with the onset of cardiovascular diseases including cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension. HIF2 (hypoxia-inducible factor 2) signaling in the endothelium mediates pulmonary arterial remodeling and subsequent elevation of the right ventricular systolic pressure during chronic hypoxia. Thus, novel therapeutic opportunities for pulmonary hypertension based on specific HIF2 inhibitors have been proposed.

Convergent pairs of highly transcribed genes restrict chromatin looping in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Dictyostelium discoideum is a unicellular slime mold, developing into a multicellular fruiting body upon starvation. Development is accompanied by large-scale shifts in gene expression program, but underlying features of chromatin spatial organization remain unknown. Here, we report that the Dictyostelium 3D genome is organized into positionally conserved, largely consecutive, non-hierarchical and weakly insulated loops at the onset of multicellular development.

Cerebrovascular Reactivity Mapping in Brain Tumors Based on a Breath-Hold Task Using Arterial Spin Labeling.

Hemodynamic measurements such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) can provide useful information for the diagnosis and characterization of brain tumors. Previous work showed that arterial spin labeling (ASL) in combination with vasoactive stimulation enabled simultaneous non-invasive evaluation of both parameters, however this approach had not been previously tested in tumors. The aim of this work was to investigate the application of this technique, using a pseudo-continuous ASL (PCASL) sequence combined with breath-holding at 3 T, to measure CBF and CVR in high-grade gliomas and metastatic lesions, and to explore differences across tumoral-peritumoral regions and tumor types.

FFR-Negative Nonculprit High-Risk Plaques and Clinical Outcomes in High-Risk Populations: An Individual Patient-Data Pooled Analysis From COMBINE (OCT-FFR) and PECTUS-obs.

Background: Despite fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided deferral of revascularization, recurrent events in patients with diabetes or after myocardial infarction remain common. This study aimed to assess the association between FFR-negative but high-risk nonculprit lesions and clinical outcomes.

Methods: This is a patient-level pooled analysis of the prospective natural-history COMBINE (OCT-FFR) study (Optical Coherence Tomography Morphologic and Fractional Flow Reserve Assessment in Diabetes Mellitus Patients) and PECTUS-obs study (Identification of Risk Factors for Acute Coronary Events by OCT After STEMI and NSTEMI Patients With Residual Non- Flow Limiting Lesions).

Burnt Plastic (Pyroplastic) from the M/V Ship Fire and Plastic Spill Contain Compounds That Activate Endocrine and Metabolism-Related Human and Fish Transcription Factors.

In May 2021, the M/V ship fire disaster led to the largest maritime spill of resin pellets (nurdles) and burnt plastic (pyroplastic). Field samples collected from beaches in Sri Lanka nearest to the ship comprised nurdles and pieces of pyroplastic. Three years later, the toxicity of the spilled material remains unresolved.

The freeze-thaw cycle effect on blood serum autofluorescence, Raman spectroscopy and SERS: implications for sample classification and disease diagnostics.

The issue of variability introduced into blood plasma and serum analysis by preanalytical procedures is the major obstacle to obtaining accurate and reproducible results. While the question of how to overcome this issue has been discussed in biochemical detection of analytes and omics technologies, its relevance to the field of optical spectroscopy remains mostly unexplored. In this work, we evaluated the freeze-thaw cycle (FTC)-induced alternations in blood serum optical properties by means of autofluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

Deep Learning-Enabled Assessment of Right Ventricular Function Improves Prognostication After Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Mitral Regurgitation.

Background: Right ventricular (RV) function has a well-established prognostic role in patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) and is typically assessed using echocardiography-measured tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. Recently, a deep learning model has been proposed that accurately predicts RV ejection fraction (RVEF) from 2-dimensional echocardiographic videos, with similar diagnostic accuracy as 3-dimensional imaging. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the deep learning-predicted RVEF values in patients with severe MR undergoing TEER.

Sequencing technologies to measure translation in single cells.

Translation is one of the most energy-intensive processes in a cell and, accordingly, is tightly regulated. Genome-wide methods to measure translation and the translatome and to study the complex regulation of protein synthesis have enabled unprecedented characterization of this crucial step of gene expression. However, technological limitations have hampered our understanding of translation control in multicellular tissues, rare cell types and dynamic cellular processes.

Symptomatic early coronary graft failure in bypass surgery patients: incidence, predictors and clinical impact.

Objectives: Coronary graft failure (CGF) may occur early after coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG). The study aimed to identify clinical and perioperative risk factors and to evaluate the long-term clinical impact of symptomatic early CGF.

Methods: Patients who underwent clinically indicated coronary angiography (CAG) prior to post-CABG discharge between 2012 and 2022 were included.

Chlorination-Supported Shrinkage of C60 Fullerene to Non-classical C58 Cages.

We provide important novel insights into skeletal transformations of fullerene by reporting new cases of cage shrinkage in the most abundant C60 fullerene via a C2 loss. High-temperature (400-500 oC) chlorination of IPR C60 with SbCl5 or SbCl5/SbCl3 mixtures predominantly gives non-IPR C60Cln compounds via Stone-Wales rearrangements, but the present study further reveals non-classical C58Cln chlorofullerenes as by-products. The new C58(NC1)Cl20 and C58(NC1)Cl24 chlorides have been isolated by air-free HPLC and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Exploring case definitions and the natural history of respiratory syncytial virus in adult outpatients: First-season results of the RESPIRA-50 study.

Background: Data on the natural history of the community-acquired RSV in adult outpatients are limited. It is also unclear whether the existing influenza surveillance platforms based on influenza-like illness (ILI) case definitions are efficient for RSV. The two-season RESPIRA-50 study was established in 2023 to identify an optimal RSV case definition and to explore the natural history of RSV.

Maralixibat Reduces Serum Bile Acids and Improves Cholestatic Pruritus in Adolescents With Alagille Syndrome.

Background: Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem cholestatic disorder. Maralixibat is approved for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in ALGS with limited data in adults.

Methods: Participants were included if they received ≥ 2 doses of maralixibat at age ≥ 16 years in one of the three previously published maralixibat ALGS clinical trials.

Oxidised Apolipoprotein Peptidome Characterises Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) encompasses a spectrum of histological conditions ranging from simple steatosis to fibrosing steatohepatitis, and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). While oxidised apolipoproteins A and B have been linked to obesity and CVD, the association between other oxidised apolipoproteins and MASLD is yet to be established. To fill this gap, we characterised the circulating serum peptidome of patients with MASLD.

Biological and clinical significance of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in the era of immunotherapy: a multidimensional approach.

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved clinical outcomes across several solid tumour types. Prominent efforts have focused on understanding the anticancer mechanisms of these agents, identifying biomarkers of response and uncovering resistance mechanisms to develop new immunotherapeutic approaches. This research has underscored the crucial roles of the tumour microenvironment and, particularly, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in immune-mediated tumour elimination.