Nanohydroxyapatite in dentistry: A comprehensive review.

Enamel, being the hardest and the highest mineralized tissue of the human body, contains nearly 96% inorganic components and 4% organic compounds and water. Dentin contains 65% inorganic components and 35% organic and water content. The translucency and white appearance of enamel are attributed to Hydroxyapatite (HA), which constitutes the major part of the inorganic component of dental hard tissue.

Cost-effectiveness of a decentralized care model for managing multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the available economic evidence of a decentralized care model compared to a centralized model for treating multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Introduction: Diseases that affect physiological health create a burden on human livelihoods and the economy. There is a lack of studies examining the economic evaluation of MDR-TB across different countries.

Investigation of Spark Plasma Sintering on Microstructure-Properties of Zirconia Reinforced Fluormica Glass for Dental Restorations.

Background: Conventional sintering methods of dental ceramics have limitations of high temperature and slow cooling rates with requirements of additional heat treatment for crystallization. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is an emerging technique that has the potential to process dental restorations with dense microstructures and tailor-made clinically relevant properties with optimized processing parameters. This study explored the potential of the SPS of zirconia-reinforced fluormica glass (FM) for dental restorative materials.

Effect of 125 Hz and 150 Hz vibrational frequency electric toothbrushes on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and prostaglandin E2 levels.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of an electric toothbrush with vibrational frequencies of 125 Hz and 150 Hz on the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rate and the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

Methods: Out of thirty patients (aged 18-25 years; 16 females and 14 males), ten patients each formed Group A and B, who used electric toothbrushes with 125 Hz and 150 Hz vibrations, respectively. The remaining ten patients (Group C) served as the control group and did not use electric toothbrushes.

Integrative approach to lifestyle management: Implications for public health research & practice in the context of SDG-3.

In the last 100 years, the communicable diseases have been replaced by non-communicable diseases as the leading cause of deaths across the world. Periodically, the communicable disease outbreaks continue to pose a challenge to the public health systems. Change in human behaviors and lifestyles are recognized as risk factors for the public health challenges we face today, which significantly affect wellbeing and quality of life.

Strategies in design of self-propelling hybrid micro/nanobots for bioengineering applications.

Micro/nanobots are integrated devices developed from engineered nanomaterials that have evolved significantly over the past decades. They can potentially be pre-programmed to operate robustly at numerous hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites for multiple bioengineering applications such as early disease diagnosis, precision surgeries, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapeutics, bio-imaging, biomolecules isolation, detoxification, bio-sensing, and clearing up clogged arteries with high soaring effectiveness and minimal exhaustion of power. Several techniques have been introduced in recent years to develop programmable, biocompatible, and energy-efficient micro/nanobots.

Graphene quantum dot doped viscoelastic lyotropic liquid crystal nanocolloids for antibacterial applications.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are prepared and characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). GQDs are doped (5 mg and 10 mg) in the lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) lamellar and hexagonal phases to prepare GQD/LLC nanocolloids. Polarizing optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurement reveals that GQDs do not affect the lamellar and hexagonal LLC structures and may organize on their interface.

GC-MS analysis and in silico docking of constituents of Cinnamomum malabatrum against CYP450 17α and CYP450 19 (Aromatase)- Key targets for hyperandrogenism.

Poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as one of the common hormonal disorders affecting 6-20% of women in their reproductive age with characteristic features include anovulatory infertility, hyperandrogenism, cystic follicles and insulin resistance. The gene CYP play an important role in pathophysiology of hyperandrogenism associated with PCOS. An elevated androgens are reported in PCOS condition due to overexpression of the enzyme CYP 17 α: .

Pharmacoinformatics-based identification of phytochemicals from Swartz. fruits as potential inhibitors for MAPK14 protein.

Plants and phytocompounds gained more attention because of their unrivalled variety of chemical diversity. In this view, the present study was executed to predict the anticancer potential of Swartz. fruits derived phytocompounds against one of the breast cancer target proteins (MAPK14, PDB ID: 5ETA, resolution: 2.

Exploration of interaction interface of TRKβ/BDNF through fingerprint analysis to disinter potential agonists.

Tyrosine Kinase beta (TRKβ), is a type I membrane receptor which plays a major role in various signalling pathways. TRKβ was found to be upregulated in various cancers and contrastingly downregulated in various neurodegenerative disorders. Hitherto, contemporary drug research is oriented towards discovery of TRKβ inhibitors, thus neglecting the development of TRKβ agonists.

Virtual Screening of a Marine Natural Product Database for In Silico Identification of a Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid-beta aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyses acetylcholine and induces amyloid-beta aggregation. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) inhibit this aggregation by binding to AChE, making it a potential target for the treatment of AD.

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Background: SARS-coronavirus-2 has caused large number of infections globally. The infections have presented in a wave form in most of the countries. There have been differences in the clinical presentation, course, and the outcomes in the different waves.

An In Silico Molecular Modelling-Based Prediction of Potential Keap1 Inhibitors from (L.) R.Br. against Oxidative-Stress-Induced Diseases.

The present study investigated the antioxidant potential of aqueous methanolic extracts of (L.) R.Br.

evaluation of some commercially available terpenoids as spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 - inhibitors using molecular dynamic approach.

Coronavirus, an extremely contagious infections disease had a harmful effect on the world's population. It is a family of enveloped, single-stranded, positive-strand RNA viruses of Nidovirales order belongs to coroviridae family. At present, worldwide several lakhs of deaths and several billions of infections have been reported.

A Review on Artificial Intelligence Approaches and Rational Approaches in Drug Discovery.

Artificial intelligence (AI) speeds up the drug development process and reduces its time, as well as the cost which is of enormous importance in outbreaks such as COVID-19. It uses a set of machine learning algorithms that collects the available data from resources, categorises, processes and develops novel learning methodologies. Virtual screening is a successful application of AI, which is used in screening huge drug-like databases and filtering to a small number of compounds.

Development and Validation of Social-Cognitive Theory Based Oral Cancer Awareness Assessment Tool for Adolescents.

Introduction: Creating oral cancer awareness among adolescents will bring change by modifying the risk factors responsible for oral cancer. Social cognitive theory (SCT) is one promising theory for developing oral cancer awareness programmes among school adolescents. However, data are limited on SCT-based intervention assessment in creating oral cancer awareness among rural community.

Efficacy of Csaba stain to demonstrate mature and immature mast cells in oral inflammatory lesions: An study.

Background: Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells of the myeloid lineage and are present in connective tissues throughout the body. Mastocytosis regulates many physiologic processes and affects the pathogenesis of allergic conditions, anaphylactic reactions, autoimmune disorders and leukemias. Toluidine blue is commonly employed as a special stain for MCs that uniformly imparts blue color to both immature and mature cells.

Systemic effect of arecoline on the gastrointestinal system in oral submucous fibrosis affected wistar rats.

Background: The intestine plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of ingested food and the elimination of undigested food, microbes, and microbial products. The functional reliability of the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells depends on the organised regulation of the epithelial cells, mucus layer, the intercellular tight junction, host innate and acquired immune response. The mucus layer of the gastrointestinal tract is the first line of innate host defense, essentially because of the secretory products of intestinal cells.

Glucose-conjugated glutenin nanoparticles for selective targeting and delivery of camptothecin into breast cancer cells.

Receptor-mediated drug delivery systems are a promising tool for targeting malignant cells to suppress/inhibit the malignancy without disturbing healthy cells. Protein-based nanocarrier systems possess numerous advantages for the delivery of variety of chemotherapeutics, including therapeutic peptides and genes. In the present work, glucose-conjugated camptothecin-loaded glutenin nanoparticles (Glu-CPT-glutenin NPs) were fabricated to deliver camptothecin to MCF-7 cells via GLUT-1 transporter protein.

Synthesis of bagasse nanocellulose-filled composite polyurethane xerogel for the efficient adsorption of Rhodamine-B dye from aqueous solution: investigation of adsorption parameters.

In this study, polyurethane (PU)-based xerogels were synthesized by using the biobased polyol derived from chaulmoogra seed oil. These polyol was used for the preparation of PU xerogels using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate hard segment and polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) as soft segment with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2, 2, 2]octane as catalyst. Tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide were used as the solvents.

: A method for synthetic opinions to yield a robust fuzzy expert system.

In many domains, decision-making is challenging, as experts are often limited in availability. However, without a sufficient number of expert opinions, the associated solutions would not be robust. Motivated by this, , a Method for SYnthetic Opinions has been developed to produce a robust Fuzzy Expert System () by specifying , the number of (synthetic) experts per rule.

A Simple Radioassay to Detect Nanoscale Membrane Disruption.

Understanding the mechanisms and kinetics of membrane damage is of interest to researchers in several overlapping fields of biology. In this study, we describe the development and validation of a simple 32PO43- release radioassay used to track nanometer-scale damage to the bacterial cell membrane. Nanoscale membrane damage will result in the release of small cytoplasmic molecules, such as amino acids, sugars, and osmolytes.

Engineered Nano-carrier systems for the oral targeted delivery of follicle stimulating Hormone: Development, characterization, and, assessment of in vitro and in vivo performance and targetability.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is widely used for the treatment of female infertility, where the level of FSH is suboptimal due to which arrest in follicular development and anovulation takes place. Currently, only parenteral formulations are available for FSH in the market. Due to the drawbacks of parenteral administration and the high market shares of FSH, there is a need for easily accessible oral formulation.

Effect of High-Anisotropic Co Substitution for Ni on the Structural, Magnetic, and Magnetostrictive Properties of NiFeO: Implications for Sensor Applications.

This work reports on the effect of substituting a low-anisotropic and low-magnetic cation (Ni, 2μ) by a high-anisotropic and high-magnetic cation (Co, 3μ) on the crystal structure, phase, microstructure, magnetic properties, and magnetostrictive properties of NiFeO (NFO). Co-substituted NFO (NiCoFeO, NCFO, 0 ≤ ≤ 1) nanomaterials were synthesized using glycine-nitrate autocombustion followed by postsynthesis annealing at 1200 °C. The X-ray diffraction measurements coupled with Rietveld refinement analyses indicate the significant effect of Co-substitution for Ni, where the lattice constant () exhibits a functional dependence on composition ().

Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-co-poly(sodium acrylate) hydrogel for the adsorption of cationic dyes from aqueous solution.

In this study, we used radical polymerization to create poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide)-co-poly (sodium acrylate) [PNIPAM-co-PSA] hydrogels and analyzed the resulting products. N, N'-Methylenebisacrylamide was employed as a cross-linker, ammonium persulfate as an initiator, and N,N'-isopropyl acrylamide and sodium acrylamide as monomers. Structural analysis was measured by using FT-IR.