Recent Updates on Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, Molecular Approaches and Natural Bioactive Compounds Used in Contemporary Time to Alleviate Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterised by gradual memory loss and neurodegeneration, is an important risk to global health. Despite the recent advances in the field of neuroscience, the complex biological mechanisms underlying the aetiology and pathology of AD have not been elucidated yet. The development of amyloid-beta plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation have been identified as important components.

Study on the electronics and structural properties of transition metal-doped LaMoO.

Context: LaMoO is a potential electrolyte material for SOFC due to its higher oxygen conduction at high temperatures. However, LaMoO suffers from detrimental phase transition at high temperature from monoclinic α to cubic β phase. This phase transition can be prevented by lowering the temperature.

Rates and determinants of fast chronic kidney disease progression distinguished by nutritional status, and the impact of malnutrition on mortality - evidence from a clinical population.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition is a serious problem that influences morbidity, mortality, functional activity, and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there has not been much research done on how nutritional status appears to affect mortality in non-dialysis CKD patients. This study aimed to recognize the rates and predictors of fast CKD progression distinguished by nutritional status, and also sought to determine the impact of malnutrition on mortality in non-dialysis CKD patients.

In Situ Prepared NRCPFs as Highly Active Photo Platforms for in Situ Bond Formation Between Aryldiazonium Salts and Heteroarenes.

Covalent perylene frameworks (CPFs) with melamine linkages have newly received rising interest for a variety of applications because of nitrogen-rich content and high stability. Herein, we account a new simple strategy to in situ attain nitrogen-rich covalent perylene frameworks (NRCPFs) as highly active photo platforms for in situ bond formation between aryldiazonium salts and heteroarenes (C-H bond arylation) through the controlled photoredox route.

A Review on Recent Developments in the Anticancer Potential of Oleanolic Acid and its Analogs (2017-2020).

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid class of natural products that possess a broad range of biological activities, specifically anticancer activities. Considering the anticancer potential of OA, a large number of analogs have been prepared by several researchers through modifications at C-3, C-12, and C-28 -COOH to develop potent anticancer agents with improved cytotoxicity and pharmaceutical properties. Some of the synthesized derivatives have been assessed in clinical trials also.

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Copper Nanoparticles from the Rhizomes Extract of .

Background: Green synthesized nanoparticles from the solvent extract of various plant parts show better biological activities as compared to parent solvent plant extract. Traditionally rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa are used to cure various diseases like diarrhea, fever, jaundice, eye infection, skin problems, asthma, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal problems.

Objective: The present study describes the synthesis of copper nanoparticles from a hydroethanolic extract of P.

The Manifestation of Anxiety as Repercussion of COVID-19: A Survey of Medical Practitioner's Opinion.

Anxiety is usually transient in nature, but if the symptoms are severe and persistent in the absence of stressor, then it is considered as anxiety disorder. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which was declared as pandemic by World Health Organization in March 2020 affected the lives of human beings worldwide. A panic and anxious situation was created due to the outbreak of COVID-19.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Novel Vesicular Carrier for Enhancement of Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drug.

Background: Niosomes are a vesicular carrier system comprised of a Nonionic surfactant bilayer surrounding an aqueous compartment. Niosomes are presumed to raise the intake of the poorly water-soluble drugs by M cells of Peyer's patches present in the intestine's lymphatic tissues, thereby avoiding the first-pass metabolism and increasing its oral bioavailability. Biodegradability, nonimmunogenic nature, minimal side effects, low cost, good stability, and flexibility to incorporate hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs are other advantages of niosomes.

Position paper: Challenges and specific strategies for constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome in low-resource settings.

Germline biallelic mutations in one of the mismatch repair genes, mutS homolog 2, mutS homolog 6, mutL homolog 1, or postmeiotic segregation increased 2, result in one of the most aggressive cancer syndromes in humans termed as constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD). Individuals with CMMRD are affected with multiple tumors arising from multiple organs during childhood, and these individuals rarely reach adulthood without specific interventions. The most common tumors observed are central nervous system, hematological, and gastrointestinal malignancies.

ASTILBIN: A PROMISING UNEXPLORED COMPOUND WITH MULTIDIMENSIONAL MEDICINAL AND HEALTH BENEFITS.

Background: Many flavonoids have various beneficial actions like anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic properties and many other clinical conditions. Astilbin is one such flavanoid compound having many physiological as well as pharmacological actions.

Purpose: To summarize the important findings from the research conducted using astilbin having significance to its physiological and pharmacological activities as well as the patents filed using astilbin.

A Current Review on Drug Loaded Nanofibers: Interesting and Valuable Platform for Skin Cancer Treatment.

Background: Nanofibers are used in topical medication for various skin diseases like wound healing, skin cancer and others. Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most widely distributed diseases in the world, of which 99% of people are affected by either basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) or squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the skin. Skin malignancy is caused by direct sun exposure and regular application of unsafe restorative items on the skin.

Saliva as a forensic tool.

Forensic science is a branch that deals with a wide plethora of areas such as anthropology, migration studies and criminology. Various biological samples have been utilized to assist a scientist towards getting answers to the myriad of questions in the field. Saliva is an easily available source from victim as well as aggressors, parent-child and siblings.

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism Is Not Responsible for Antihypertensive Therapy Induced New Onset of Type 2 Diabetes in Essential Hypertension.

Background: Antihypertensive drug therapies have been reported to be associated with new onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in some hypertensive patients after prolonged use. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been found to affect essential hypertension, response of antihypertensive therapies, and glycemic disturbances. Therefore, ACE gene I/D polymorphism may be associated with risk of new onset of type 2 diabetes via metabolic disturbances, glycemic dysregulation, and insulin resistance.

Ameliorative effect of Cephalandra indica homeopathic preparation in STZ induced diabetic nephropathy rats.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the foremost cause of morbidity and has become the most recurrent cause of end-stage renal disease among diabetic patients. Thus, agents having antidiabetic effect along with safety potential in the kidneys would have a higher remedial value.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate possible protective effect of homeopathic preparation of Cephalandra indica Mother tincture, 6C and 30 C potencies on DN in Wistar rats.

Cinnamaldehyde regulates H O -induced skeletal muscle atrophy by ameliorating the proteolytic and antioxidant defense systems.

Skeletal muscle atrophy/wasting is associated with impaired protein metabolism in diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disturbed redox status, and weakened antioxidant defense system are the major contributing factors toward atrophy. Regulation of protein metabolism by controlling ROS levels and its associated catabolic pathways may help in treating atrophy and related clinical conditions.

Design, synthesis, DFT, docking studies and ADME prediction of some new coumarinyl linked pyrazolylthiazoles: Potential standalone or adjuvant antimicrobial agents.

The control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) seems to have come to a dead end. The major consequences of the use and abuse of antibacterial drugs are the development of resistant strains due to genetic mutability of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms. We, herein, report the synthesis, characterization and biological activities of coumarin-thiazole-pyrazole (CTP) molecular hybrids with an effort to explore and overcome the increasing antimicrobial resistance.

Cancer molecular markers: A guide to cancer detection and management.

Cancer is generally caused by the molecular alterations which lead to specific mutations. Advances in molecular biology have provided an impetus to the study of cancers with valuable prognostic and predictive significance. Over the hindsight various attempts have been undertaken by scientists worldwide, in the management of cancer; where, we have witnessed a number of molecular markers which allow the early detection of cancers and lead to a decrease in its mortality rate.

Effect of Kaempferol isolated from seeds of Eruca sativa on changes of pain sensitivity in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy.

Generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and cellular apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Present study was aimed to explore the effect of Eruca sativa and Kaempferol (KP) on hyperalgesia (thermal and mechanical); tactile allodynia, motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and oxidative-nitrosative stress in streptozotocin (STZ) induced experimental diabetes. Neuropathy developed in diabetic rats was evident from a marked hyperalgesia and allodynia; reduced MNCV associated with excess formation of AGEs and ROS.

Evaluate the effects of antiepileptic drugs on reproductive endocrine system in newly diagnosed female epileptic patients receiving either Valproate or Lamotrigine monotherapy: A prospective study.

Objective: To investigate the development of reproductive endocrine changes in Indian women with epilepsy initiating on either Valproate (VPA) or Lamotrigine (LTG) monotherapy.

Methods: Reproductive hormonal profiles, hirsutism, ovarian morphology by ultrasonography and menstrual cycle data in newly diagnosed women with epilepsy taking VPA (n=34) or LTG (n=32) monotherapy were compared. None of the women were receiving hormonal contraception.

Nephroprotective effect of Paeonia emodi via inhibition of advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic nephropathy.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of alcohol (PA) and hydroalcohol (PHA) extract of Paeonia emodi Royale roots in treatment of streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 15 minutes after nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) administration and diabetic nephropathy was assessed by measuring serum glucose, renal parameters (urea, uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen level) and lipid profile. The rats were treated with different doses of extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) for 45 days.

Antibacterial, tyrosinase, and DNA photocleavage studies of some triazolylnucleosides.

In order to explore the biological potential, some synthesized triazolylnucleosides were evaluated for their antibacterial, tyrosinase and DNA photocleavage activities. Triazolylnucleosides (5-12) were screened against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), gram-positive and Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536), gram-negative bacterial strains. Among the series, compound 9 exhibited a significant level of antibacterial activity against both strains at higher concentration in reference to the standard drug, Levofloxacin.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology: A Paradigm Shift in Medical Science for Drug Screening and Disease Modeling.

Background: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (IPSC) Technology is the most advanced research as it offers an attractive alternative for establishing patient-specific IPSCs to recapitulate phenotypes of not only monogenic diseases (viz. Thalassaemia, Sickle cell anemia, Haemophilia, Tay-Sachs disease), but also late-onset polygenic diseases (viz. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia).

Induction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Antihypertensive Therapy: Is There Any Role of Alpha Adducin, ACE, and IRS-1 Gene?

Hypertension and diabetes are related disorders that share common pathophysiological pathways and occur together. Although hypertension itself is a risk factor for developing diabetes, prolonged use of first-line antihypertensive therapy has also been reported to induce diabetes. Genetic polymorphism of genes affecting salt sensitivity and insulin resistance can have a role in antihypertensive therapy-induced diabetes.