A comparison of human serum and plasma metabolites using untargeted H NMR spectroscopy and UPLC-MS.

Introduction: Differences in the metabolite profiles between serum and plasma are incompletely understood.

Objectives: To evaluate metabolic profile differences between serum and plasma and among plasma sample subtypes.

Methods: We analyzed serum, platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet poor plasma (PPP), and platelet free plasma (PFP), collected from 8 non-fasting apparently healthy women, using untargeted standard 1D and CPMG H NMR and reverse phase and hydrophilic (HILIC) UPLC-MS.

Perceptual and Interpretive Error in Diagnostic Radiology-Causes and Potential Solutions.

Interpretation of increasingly complex imaging studies involves multiple intricate tasks requiring visual evaluation, cognitive processing, and decision-making. At each stage of this process, there are opportunities for error due to human factors including perceptual and ergonomic conditions. Investigation into the root causes of interpretive error in radiology first began over a century ago.

PACAP/PAC1 Expression and Function in Micturition Pathways.

Neural injury, inflammation, or diseases commonly and adversely affect micturition reflex function that is organized by neural circuits in the CNS and PNS. One neuropeptide receptor system, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; Adcyap1), and its cognate receptor, PAC1 (Adcyap1r1), have tissue-specific distributions in the lower urinary tract. PACAP and associated receptors are expressed in the LUT and exhibit changes in expression, distribution, and function in preclinical animal models of bladder pain syndrome (BPS)/interstitial cystitis (IC), a chronic, visceral pain syndrome characterized by pain, and LUT dysfunction.

Clinical Validation of Automatable Gaussian Normalized CBV in Brain Tumor Analysis: Superior Reproducibility and Slightly Better Association with Survival than Current Standard Manual Normal Appearing White Matter Normalization.

Purpose: To validate Gaussian normalized cerebral blood volume (GN-nCBV) by association with overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients and compare this association with current standard white matter normalized cerebral blood volume (WN-nCBV).

Methods: We retrieved spin-echo echo-planar dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI acquired after maximal resection and prior to radiation therapy between 2006 and 2011 in 51 adult patients (28 male, 23 female; age 23-87 years) with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Software code was developed in house to perform Gaussian normalization of CBV to the standard deviation of the whole brain CBV.

Cohort Profile: the Predictors of Breast Cancer Recurrence (ProBe CaRE) Premenopausal Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Denmark.

Purpose: The Predictors of Breast Cancer Recurrence (ProBe CaRe) study was established to evaluate modification of tamoxifen (TAM) effectiveness in premenopausal women through reduced activity of TAM-metabolising enzymes. It comprehensively evaluates the effects of pharmacogenetic variants, use of concomitant medications and biomarkers involved in oestrogen metabolism on breast cancer recurrence risk.

Participants: The ProBe CaRe study was established using resources from the Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG), including 5959 premenopausal women diagnosed with stage I-III primary breast cancer between 2002 and 2010 in Denmark.

PACAP38-Mediated Bladder Afferent Nerve Activity Hyperexcitability and Ca Activity in Urothelial Cells from Mice.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; Adcyap1) and its cognate PAC1 receptor (Adcyap1r1) have tissue-specific distributions in the lower urinary tract (LUT). The afferent limb of the micturition reflex is often compromised following bladder injury, disease, and inflammatory conditions. We have previously demonstrated that PACAP signaling contributes to increased voiding frequency and decreased bladder capacity with cystitis.

Transcatheter stenting of superior vena cava obstruction after pediatric heart transplantation: A single-center experience assessing risk factors and outcomes.

Transcatheter stent implantation for SVC obstruction following OHT has been well described, particularly in pediatric patients. This study describes a large single-center pediatric heart transplant experience that investigates the risk factors for SVC stenosis requiring stent implantation and its associated outcomes. All pediatric OHTs between January 1, 2000, and December 12, 2016, were examined for risk factors.

Morphologic mimicry: acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma in nondermal locations-a literature review.

Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (acantholytic SCC) is a variant of SCC in which acantholysis develops owing to the loss of desmosomal adhesion proteins. This loss of cell-cell adhesion leads to morphologic changes that have the potential to mimic other tumor types, such as angiosarcoma or signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. Acantholytic SCC characteristically occurs in sun-exposed skin of elderly patients; however, it can occur in nondermal locations.

Separating the Wheat From the Chaff: An Evaluation of Readability, Quality, and Accuracy of Online Health Information for Treatment of Peyronie Disease.

Objective: To characterize available information about Peyronie disease online and evaluate its readability, quality, accuracy, and respective associations with HONcode certification and website category.

Methods: The search term "Peyronie disease" was queried on 3 major search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo) and the first 50 search results on each search engine were assessed. All websites were categorized as institutional or reference, commercial, charitable, personal or patient support, or alternative medicine, and cross-referenced with the Health on the Net (HON) Foundation.

Sexual and gender minority health in medical curricula in new England: a pilot study of medical student comfort, competence and perception of curricula.

Background: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals experience high rates of harassment and discrimination when seeking healthcare, which contributes to substantial healthcare disparities. Improving physician training about gender identity, sexual orientation, and the healthcare needs of SGM patients has been identified as a critical strategy for mitigating these disparities. In 2014, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) published medical education competencies to guide undergraduate medical education on SGM topics.

A False Positive I-131 Metastatic Survey Caused by Radioactive Iodine Uptake by a Benign Thymic Cyst.

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy in the United States with increasing incidence and diagnosis but stable mortality. Differentiated thyroid cancer rarely presents with distant metastases and is associated with a low risk of morbidity and mortality. Despite this, current protocols recommend remnant ablation with radioactive iodine and evaluation for local and distant metastasis in some patients with higher risk disease.

Structural network differences in chronic muskuloskeletal pain: Beyond fractional anisotropy.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a condition that influences central nervous system structure. In this study, we combined novel structural neuroimaging techniques, using well-validated software packages including FSL, Mrtrix3, and DSI Studio, to characterize brain grey (GM) and white matter (WM) differences in chronic musculoskeletal pain participants (n = 74), compared to age-matched pain-free controls (n = 31). In participants with chronic pain, we identified significantly higher volume in subcortical GM structures using voxel-based morphometry (FSLVBM).

Improving Neonatal Care: A Global Perspective.

Each year, approximately 2.7 million babies die during the neonatal period; more than 90% of these deaths occur in developing countries, largely from preventable causes. The known, evidence-based, simple, low-cost interventions that may improve neonatal survival often have low or unknown baseline coverage rates.

CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 variants and effect of tamoxifen on breast cancer recurrence: Analysis of the International Tamoxifen Pharmacogenomics Consortium dataset.

The role of cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes in the efficacy of tamoxifen treatment of breast cancer is subject to substantial interest and controversy. CYP2D6 have been intensively studied, but the role of CYP2C19 is less elucidated, and we studied the association of CYPC19 genotype and recurrence of breast cancer. We used outcome and genotyping data from the large publicly available International Tamoxifen Pharmacogenomics Consortium (ITPC) dataset.

Validity of Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) registry data used in the predictors of breast cancer recurrence (ProBeCaRe) premenopausal breast cancer cohort study.

Background: Validation studies of the Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) registry show good agreement with medical records for adjuvant treatment data, but inconsistent recurrence information. No studies have validated changes in menopausal status or endocrine therapy during follow-up. In a longitudinal study, we validated DBCG data using medical records as the gold standard.

Arthroscopic Treatment of Hip Pain in Adolescent Patients With Borderline Dysplasia of the Hip: Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: To examine arthroscopic treatment of hip pain in patients with borderline hip dysplasia (lateral center edge angle [LCEA] between 20° and 25°).

Methods: From 2008 to 2013, patients below 18 years of age who underwent arthroscopic hip surgery with an LCEA between 20° and 25° were retrospectively matched 1:1 to a control group without dysplasia (LCEA ≥25°) based on age, gender, femoroplasty, labral treatment, and capsular plication. Indications for surgery included failure to improve with nonoperative treatments and anti-inflammatory medications after 3 months.

Cold Blooded: Evaluating Brain Temperature by MRI During Surface Cooling of Human Subjects.

Background: Targeted temperature management (TTM) confers neurological and survival benefits for post-cardiac arrest patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) who remain comatose. Specialized equipment for induction of hypothermia is not available in the prehospital setting, and there are no reliable methods for emergency medical services personnel to initiate TTM. We hypothesized that the application of surface cooling elements to the neck will decrease brain temperature and act as initiators of TTM.

Nausea/vomiting · tachycardia · unintentional weight loss · Dx?

A 22-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with a 24-hour history of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, generalized abdominal pain, and mild headache. She denied shortness of breath, chest pain, or anxiety, and didn't have a history of cardiac problems. The physical examination revealed tachycardia (heart rate, 135 beats/min) and a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute.

Family History of Breast Cancer, Breast Density, and Breast Cancer Risk in a U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Population.

The utility of incorporating detailed family history into breast cancer risk prediction hinges on its independent contribution to breast cancer risk. We evaluated associations between detailed family history and breast cancer risk while accounting for breast density. We followed 222,019 participants ages 35 to 74 in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, of whom 2,456 developed invasive breast cancer.