Nutrition-Focused Quality Improvement Programs in Pediatric Care.

Nutrition is fundamental to a child's growth and development. However, nutritional health is often compromised by acute and chronic conditions and treatments that can commonly result in malnutrition. Malnutrition encompasses undernutrition and overnutrition and may be exacerbated by food insecurity.

Pharmacotherapy from Pre-COVID to Post-COVID: Longitudinal Trends and Predictive Indicators for Long COVID Symptoms.

Background/objectives: A significant number of COVID-19 cases experience persistent symptoms after the acute infection phase, a condition known as long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Approved prevention and treatment options for long COVID are currently lacking. Given the heterogeneous nature of long COVID, a personalized medicine approach is essential for effective disease management.

Local Myoelectric Sensing During Human Colonic Tissue Perfusion.

Anastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the most devastating complications after colorectal surgery. The verification of the adequate perfusion of the anastomosis is essential to ensuring anastomosis integrity following colonic resections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of measuring the electrical activity of the colonic muscularis externa at an anastomosis site for perfusion analysis following colorectal surgery.

A Decade of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) for Chromosomal Abnormalities in Croatia: First National Monocentric Study to Inform Country's Future Prenatal Care Strategy.

Background: Chromosomal numerical and structural alterations are significant causes of various developmental disorders in foetuses. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has emerged as an effective screening tool for detecting common aneuploidies, aiding in the identification of individuals who may require further diagnostic work-up.

Methods: This retrospective, monocentric observational study evaluates the usage patterns, test choices, turnaround times (TAT), and outcomes of NIPT between 2013 and 2023 on a sample of 2431 pregnant women at a special hospital offering outpatient services and comprehensive gynaecological/obstetric inpatient care.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Biomarker of Illness State in Bipolar Disorder: A Critical Review.

Mitochondria are organelles involved in different cellular functions, especially energy production. A relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder (BD), has been reported in the scientific literature, which suggests altered energy production and higher levels of oxidative stress compared to healthy controls. Specifically, in BD, the hypothesis of a biphasic pattern of energy availability has been postulated according to mood states.

Decoding the Nexus: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Linking Stroke and Neurotoxic Microenvironments in Brain Cancer Patients.

Stroke is an often underrecognized albeit significant complication in patients with brain cancer, arising from the intricate interplay between cancer biology and cerebrovascular health. This review delves into the multifactorial pathophysiological framework linking brain cancer to elevated stroke risk, with particular emphasis on the crucial role of the neurotoxic microenvironment (NTME). The NTME, characterized by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, creates a milieu that promotes and sustains vascular and neuronal injury.

Exploring the Epigenetic Landscape of Spermatozoa: Impact of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Supplementation on DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation.

Reproductive success is dependent on gamete integrity, and oxidative stress alters male nuclei, meaning that no DNA repair is possible due to chromatin compaction. The composition of sperm makes it highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) but, at the same time, ROS are needed for sperm physiology. Over the past 30 years, much attention has been paid to the consequences of oxidative stress on sperm properties and the protective effects of antioxidant formulations to help fertility.

Defining Structure-Function Relationships of Amphiphilic Excipients Enables Rational Design of Ultra-Stable Biopharmaceuticals.

Biopharmaceuticals are the fastest-growing class of drugs in the healthcare industry, but their global reach is severely limited by their propensity for rapid aggregation. Currently, surfactant excipients such as polysorbates and poloxamers are used to prevent protein aggregation, which significantly extends shelf-life. Unfortunately, these excipients are themselves unstable, oxidizing rapidly into 100s of distinct compounds, some of which cause severe adverse events in patients.

National analysis of health-related social needs among adult injury survivors.

Background: Despite advances in trauma care, the effects of social determinants of health continue to be a barrier to optimal health outcomes. Health-related social needs (HRSNs), now the basis of a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services national screening program, may contribute to poor health outcomes, inequities, and low-value care, but the impact of HRSNs among injured patients remains poorly understood at the national level.

Methods: Using data from the nationally representative 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, injured patients were matched with uninjured controls via coarsened exact matching on age and sex.

A Multi-Institutional Study Regarding the Perceptions of Students and Faculty Members About Constructive Feedback for Medical Students in Medical Education.

Background: Feedback is defined as the regular mechanism where the effect of an action is to modify and improve the future action. Feedback is essential for developing students' competencies and their future work as professionals. The attention of feedback shifted from teachers' feedback techniques to learners' goals, acceptance, and assimilation of feedback and impact-focused approaches.

Assessing the efficiency of danacid as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in HCl medium: Experimental, theoretical and optimization studies.

The present study examined the corrosion protection of aluminium in 1M HCl by deploying expired danacid, with techniques such as gravimetric, electrochemical, and density functional theory (DFT). Inhibitor characterization was executed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which was supplemented by optimization of parameters with response surface methodology. The results of gravimetric study indicates that the inhibition efficiency (IE) rose with rise in danacid concentration and reduced with rise in temperature.

Recombinant Human Tissue Kallikrein-1 for Treating Acute Ischemic Stroke and Preventing Recurrence.

Novel strategies are needed for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke when revascularization therapies are not clinically appropriate or are unsuccessful. rKLK1 (recombinant human tissue kallikrein-1), a bradykinin-producing enzyme, offers a promising potential solution. In animal studies of acute stroke, there is a marked 36-fold increase in bradykinin B2 receptor on brain endothelial cells of the ischemic region.

Epidemiology of invasive disease in adults in England, 2013-2017.

Extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) causes invasive disease (IED), including bacteraemia and (uro)sepsis, resulting in a high disease burden, especially among older adults. This study describes the epidemiology of IED in England (2013-2017) by combining laboratory surveillance and clinical data. A total of 191 612 IED cases were identified.

Self-reported longitudinal COVID-19 vaccination reactogenicity profiles in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Preventing severe COVID-19 associated outcomes continues to be a priority for persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). We previously reported in an interim analysis that short-term reactions to the first and second SARS-CoV-2 vaccines experienced by PwMS were mostly self-limiting and similar to reactions experienced by the general population.

Objectives: First, to report short-term reactogenicity experienced by PwMS in relation to the first through fourth SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Exploring the Relationship Between Combined, Acetabular, and Femoral Version on Postoperative Outcomes 2 Years After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Background: Many studies have examined the prevalence of acetabular version (AV) and femoral version (FV) abnormalities and their effect on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), but few have explored the prevalence and influence of combined version (CV) abnormalities.

Purpose: To (1) describe the distribution of AV, FV, and CV in the largest cohort to date and (2) determine the relationship between AV, FV, and CV and PROs after hip arthroscopy for FAIS.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Evaluation of mechanical responses of asphalt mixtures incorporating plastic waste as additives by different compaction efforts and mixing temperatures for a sustainable mixture.

Sustainable pavement is essential for country development, offering durable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective infrastructure. For Malaysia, sustainable pavement supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 11 while addressing road deterioration caused by increasing traffic volumes and loads. This deterioration shortens pavement service life and necessitates frequent maintenance, driving the need for innovative solutions.

Deeper response predicts better outcomes in high-risk-smoldering-myeloma: results of the I-PRISM phase II clinical trial.

Early therapeutic intervention in high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma (HR-SMM) has shown benefits, however, no studies have assessed whether biochemical progression or response depth predicts long-term outcomes. The single-arm I-PRISM phase II trial (NCT02916771) evaluated ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in 55 patients with HR-SMM. The primary endpoint, median progression-free survival (PFS), was not reached (NR) (95% CI: 57.

mRNA export factors store nascent transcripts within nuclear speckles as an adaptive response to transient global inhibition of transcription.

Several transcription inhibitors have been developed as cancer therapies. However, they show modest clinical activity, highlighting that our understanding of the cellular response to transcriptional inhibition remains incomplete. Here we report that potent inhibitors of transcription not only impact mRNA output but also markedly impair mRNA transcript localization and nuclear export.

Eco-friendly Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Parietaria alsinifolia Extracts and Evaluation of Biological Applications.

The current research was conducted to synthesize Parietaria alsinifolia-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles (P.A@FeONPs) using the green and eco-friendly protocol. The biosynthesized P.

Detection of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in the abattoir wastewater-impacted Iyi-Etu River and other water types at the Amansea livestock market settlement, Anambra State, Nigeria: a matter of public health concern.

Background: Globally, diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) has been implicated in the spread of waterborne diseases and abattoir wastewater has played a role in its dissemination into watersheds. This study isolated and characterised DEC from the abattoir wastewater-impacted Iyi-Etu River and other water sources at the Amansea livestock market settlement.

Methods: A total of 96 water samples comprising river water (upstream, downstream 1, downstream 2), borehole, well, sachet and abattoir wastewater samples were tested for DEC.

Education Research: Utilization of Simulation in Residency Programs: A Survey of Adult Neurology Residency Program Directors.

Background And Objectives: Previous research has demonstrated that simulation-based medical education (SBME) can improve neurology trainees' confidence, knowledge, and competence. However, a general needs assessment and review of current SBME used within neurology are needed to guide SBME curriculum development. The objective of this study was to describe the current use of SBME in resident education and to assess perceived barriers to expanding SBME interventions.