Metformin in Conjunction With Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Early-stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Long-term Results of a Prospective Phase II Clinical Trial.

Background/aim: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasingly detected in early stages and there is interest in improving outcomes with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). As metformin affects NSCLC signaling pathways, it might alter the metabolism of NSCLC treated with SBRT. This study investigated the long-term outcomes of a phase II clinical trial evaluating metformin in conjunction with SBRT for early-stage NSCLC.

Characteristics and outcomes of children, adolescents and young adults with relapsed/refractory non-hodgkin lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplant.

Background: There is paucity of data regarding outcomes of children, adolescents and young adults (CAYA) patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).

Methods: Patients aged 0-39 years undergoing first ASCT for NHL at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2000 and 2020 were analyzed.

Results: Two hundred twenty-one patients were included in the analysis, 129 (58%) were male and the median age was 32 (range 6-39) years.

Epigenomic mapping reveals distinct B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia chromatin architectures and regulators.

B cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is composed of diverse molecular subtypes, and while transcriptional and DNA methylation profiling has been extensively examined, the chromatin landscape is not well characterized for many subtypes. We therefore mapped chromatin accessibility using ATAC-seq in primary B-ALL cells from 156 patients spanning ten molecular subtypes and present this dataset as a resource. Differential chromatin accessibility and transcription factor (TF) footprint profiling were employed and identified B-ALL cell of origin, TF-target gene interactions enriched in B-ALL, and key TFs associated with accessible chromatin sites preferentially active in B-ALL.

Plain language summary of zanubrutinib or ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia that is resistant to treatment or has come back after treatment.

What Is This Summary About?: This is a plain language summary of a research study called ALPINE. The study involved people who had been diagnosed with, and previously treated at least once for, relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Lymphocytes help to find and fight off viruses and infections in the body, but when someone has CLL or SLL, the body creates abnormal lymphocytes, leaving the patient with a weakened immune system and susceptible to illness.

Preclinical efficacy of targeting epigenetic mechanisms in AML with 3q26 lesions and EVI1 overexpression.

AML with chromosomal alterations involving 3q26 overexpresses the transcription factor (TF) EVI1, associated with therapy refractoriness and inferior overall survival in AML. Consistent with a CRISPR screen highlighting BRD4 dependency, treatment with BET inhibitor (BETi) repressed EVI1, LEF1, c-Myc, c-Myb, CDK4/6, and MCL1, and induced apoptosis of AML cells with 3q26 lesions. Tegavivint (TV, BC-2059), known to disrupt the binding of nuclear β-catenin and TCF7L2/LEF1 with TBL1, also inhibited co-localization of EVI1 with TBL1 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis in AML cell lines and patient-derived (PD) AML cells with 3q26.

The biology of hope: Inflammatory and neuroendocrine profiles in ovarian cancer patients.

Introduction: Although the concept of hope is highly relevant for cancer patients, little is known about its association with cancer-relevant biomarkers. Here we examined how hope was related to diurnal cortisol and interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine previously associated with tumor biology and survival in ovarian cancer. Secondly, we examined whether hope and hopelessness are distinctly associated with these biomarkers.

A digital male pelvis phantom series showing anatomical variations over the course of fractionated radiotherapy treatment.

Background: Daily IGRT images show day-to-day anatomical variations in patients undergoing fractionated prostate radiotherapy. This is of particular importance in particle beam treatments.

Purpose: To develop a digital phantom series showing variation in pelvic anatomy for evaluating treatment planning and IGRT procedures in particle radiotherapy.

Hybrid Cellular Automata Modeling Reveals the Effects of Glucose Gradients on Tumour Spheroid Growth.

Purpose: In recent years, mathematical models have become instrumental in cancer research, offering insights into tumor growth dynamics, and guiding the development of pharmacological strategies. These models, encompassing diverse biological and physical processes, are increasingly used in clinical settings, showing remarkable predictive precision for individual patient outcomes and therapeutic responses.

Methods: Motivated by these advancements, our study introduces an innovative in silico model for simulating tumor growth and invasiveness.

Risk factors of local control in adrenal metastases treated by stereotactic body radiation therapy - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study is aimed to explore risk factors affect the therapy outcomes of adrenal metastases (AM) for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and guide clinical dose selection.

Methods And Materials: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched in September 22, 2022 in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to search for sources of heterogeneity and identify risky outcomes factors.

Practical considerations in clinical application of WHO 5th and ICC classification schemes for acute myeloid leukemia.

The updated WHO 5th edition and ICC 2022 classification systems for AML aim to refine our diagnostic criteria and definitions of AML with deeper incorporation of cytogenetic and molecular aberrations. The two classification systems diverge, however, in numerous AML defining criteria and subclassifications, including the incorporation of blast enumeration and the integration of specific genomic mutations. These differences often create challenges for clinicians in not only establishing a diagnosis of AML, but also in determining the best treatment plan for patients.

Decreasing utilization for postoperative radiation therapy in locoregionally advanced medullary thyroid cancer.

Background: Use of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) in locoregionally advanced medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) remains controversial. The objective was to evaluate the effect of PORT on locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 346 MTC patients separated into PORT and no-PORT cohorts.

Is there a role for radical prostatectomy in the management of oligometastatic prostate cancer? A systematic review.

Context: There is a growing interest about the role of radical prostatectomy (RP) in local cancer control in oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa).

Purpose: To evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of RP in the management of oligometastatic PCa through a systematic review.

Methods: A systematic review search was performed and the following bibliographic databases were accessed: PubMed, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials were searched from January 2000 to November 2022.

Vapocoolant Analgesia for Breast Lymphoscintigraphy: A Prospective Clinical Trial.

Breast lymphoscintigraphy is commonly performed before initial surgical intervention and surgical staging in the setting of breast cancer. Breast lymphoscintigraphy injections can often be quite painful and are routinely performed without any anesthesia or analgesia, thus representing a significant unmet need for the breast cancer population. Although vapocoolants have been previously available, they have typically been used on intact skin and not been recommended for sterile procedures.

Special Issue Editorial: Emerging Therapies in Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Road to a Cure?

In the past two decades, therapy development in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma has exploded [...

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Expanding Therapy of a Recognized Target.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is a well-known cancer target. Many HER2-targeted agents are marketed and being investigated. Unfortunately, these therapies lack consistent responses and outcomes amongst different tumors.

Selinexor: Changing the paradigm in patients with TP53 wild-type endometrial cancer?

Recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) remains a therapeutic challenge despite advancements in personalized medicine. SIENDO trial showed the potential clinical benefit of selinexor in patients with TP53 wild-type advanced/recurrent EC. The quest for novel therapeutic avenues and approaches continues as researchers seek a glimmer of hope in an area of uncertainty.