Early identification of people at high risk of oral cancer-A review of existing risk prediction models.

Prediction plays a ubiquitous role in cancer care. At every stage of the illness, the patient, the physician, and the family must make numerous decisions. Utilizing epidemiological, clinical, biological, lifestyle, and genetic factors, a cancer-specific risk assessment model calculates the likelihood of developing cancer.

Socket preservation with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and platelet-rich fibrin for implant site development: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: This study compared clinical, histological, and radiological differences in bone formation in human extraction sockets grafted with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), with nongrafted sockets and bone-implant contact (BIC) at 3 and 6 months after implant placement.

Settings And Design: Randomised controlled trial.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised thirty posterior teeth sockets in either arch in patients ranging from 25 to 60 years.

Importance and Potential of Dentists in Identifying Patients at High Risk of Diabetes.

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the utilization of medical and dental services by dental patients at two dental school hospitals and to approximate the number of patients having no known previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes but are at high risk of acquiring it.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two dental school hospitals in India. A 20-item questionnaire was administered as interviews among the dental patients aged 35 to 55 years.

Oral health and glycosylated hemoglobin among type 1 diabetes children in South India.

Background: The study was an attempt to evaluate the relationship between oral health status and the level of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients.

Methods: The study was carried out in 87 children with type 1 diabetes, aged 8-16 years, attending a diabetes specialty hospital. The oral health of these patients was measured using the WHO 1997 Oral Health Survey criteria for diagnosis of dental caries, gingival index, and plaque index.

Effect of pretreatment diclofenac sodium on postendodontic pain: A randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Effective management of endodontic pain represents a continuing challenge. Many of the dental professionals are facing significant problems associated with postendodontic pain. Hence, the postendodontic pain has to be prevented at its primary stage without waiting for its occurrence.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among chewing tobacco users: A cross-sectional study.

Context: The increasing use of chewing tobacco (CT) in the last 10-12 years has led to an increased incidence of potentially malignant oral disorders and frank oral malignancies.

Aim: To determine the frequency of oral mucosal lesions and to correlate the dose-response relationship among CT users of Bengaluru North province.

Settings And Design: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomized cluster sample of adults in low-income group (slums), of Bengaluru North, Karnataka state, India.

Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid and whole mouth fluid among smokers and nonsmokers using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay and a novel chair-side test.

Aim: To indigenously prepare a chair-side test kit for investigating and comparing the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva in patients with healthy periodontium, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in smokers and nonsmokers. To validate the diagnostic accuracy of indigenously prepared chair-side test against enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on the levels of MMP-8 in GCF and saliva among the test groups.

Panoramic radiographic study of mental foramen in selected dravidians of south Indian population: A hospital based study.

Background: This study aimed at documenting information on appearance, size, horizontal and vertical locations of Mental Foramen (MF) in Panoramic Radiograph. We also analyzed the age and gender differences with radiographic appearance and location of MF. We evaluated these findings in our population and co-relate with results of previous studies.

Pre-emptive 8 mg dexamethasone and 120 mg etoricoxib for pain prevention after periodontal surgery: A randomised controlled clinical trial.

Several anti-inflammatory drugs have been used to reduce pain and discomfort after periodontal surgeries. This study evaluates the efficacy of using etoricoxib and dexamethasone for pain prevention after open-flap debridement surgery. In this study, 60 patients who were undergoing open flap debridment surgery were randomly assigned to receive a single dose preoperative medication 1 hour prior to surgery.

Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis Among Diabetic Patients: An Emerging Trend.

Mucormycosis is an acute necrotic fungal infection with a fulminant course. Earlier considered a rare entity, mucormycosis is being reported with increasing frequency in recent years, possibly due to the increase in immunocompromised population especially diabetic patients. We report three cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis among poorly controlled diabetic patients.

Mandibular Overdenture Retained by Magnetic Assembly: A Clinical tip.

The preservation of remaining root structure and alveolar bone covering them with denture has been used since many years. Tooth-retained overdentures transfer occlusal forces to the alveolar bone through the periodontal ligament of the retained tooth roots and thereby prevent bone resorption. Applications of magnets in overdenture technique has been widely used in dentistry in the field of prosthodontics, as they can be manufactured in small dimensions as retentive devices for complete denture, removable partial dentures, obturators and maxillofacial prosthesis.

Immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and Ki-67 in human gingival samples: An observational study.

Aim: To evaluate immunohistochemically vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki-67 in human gingival samples and to compare these factors between healthy and diabetic patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 50 subjects were included in the study. They were categorized into three groups: Periodontally healthy group, periodontally diseased gingiva without any systemic disease group and periodontally diseased gingiva with controlled type II diabetes mellitus (DM) group.

Maxillary osteosarcoma masquerading as chondromyxoid fibroma: report of a case.

Osteosarcomas are highly malignant bone tumours. Its appearance in craniofacial bones is a rare entity and accounts for only 1% of all head and neck malignancies. We present an uncommon case report of a 42 year old male patient with osteosarcoma of left maxilla, which was successfully excised under general anesthesia.

Evaluation of treatment outcome after impacted mandibular third molar surgery with the use of autologous platelet-rich fibrin: a randomized controlled clinical study.

Purpose: To assess the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on postoperative pain, swelling, trismus, periodontal healing on the distal aspect of the second molar, and progress of bone regeneration in mandibular third molar extraction sockets.

Materials And Methods: Over a 2-year period, 31 patients (mean age, 26.1 yr) who required surgical extraction of a single impacted third molar and met the inclusion criteria were recruited.

Primary oral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - A clinicopathologic study with immunohistochemical analysis.

Context: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a group of highly diverse malignancies whose prognosis depends on the histologic type and associated factors like HIV positivity.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate eight cases of NHL for their histologic type and HIV positivity, since both are major prognostic factors for NHL.

Settings And Design: Eight cases of primary NHL of the oral cavity were evaluated for age, sex, clinical presentation, and the histologic type, along with immunohistochemistry.

Relationship between femur bone mineral density, body mass index and dental panoramic mandibular cortical width in diagnosis of elderly postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Objectives: To measure and determine mandibular cortical width (MCW) on the panoramic radiographs, to evaluate the usefulness of the method in identifying postmenopausal women with low femoral bone mineral densities (f- BMD) and to correlate the radiographic findings on panoramic radiographs with the f-BMD assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to predict the efficacy of the radiographic method in diagnosing osteoporosis.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and twenty postmenopausal women (60 normal and 60 osteoporotic) in the age group of 50-75 y with f-BMD assessed by DXA had undergone panoramic radiographic examination. The patients were classified as normal (T-score ≥ -1.

Age estimation using pulp/tooth area ratio in maxillary canines-A digital image analysis.

Introduction: Determination of age of a subject is one of the most important aspects of medico-legal cases and anthropological research. Radiographs can be used to indirectly measure the rate of secondary dentine deposition which is depicted by reduction in the pulp area.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 200 patients of Karnataka aged between 18-72 years were selected for the study.

Role of serum ß-carotene in the diagnosis and prevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma - a case control study.

Context: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer of the head and neck. It accounts for more than 90% of all malignancies Which occur in the head and neck region. The high incidence and mortality rate of oral cancer stimulates continuation of research on finding new diagnostic tools or markers for it.

Analysis of human papilloma virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma using p16: An immunohistochemical study.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of human papilloma virus (HPV) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to correlate the association of HPV in histological grades of OSCC using p16 (p16INK4a) immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Subjects And Methods: This study consists of 30 histological diagnosed cases of OSCC (10-well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma [WDOSCC], 10-moderately differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma [MDOSCC] and 10-poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma [PDOSCC]). The sections were subjected to IHC procedure using p16.

Awareness and risk perception of hepatitis B infection among auxiliary healthcare workers.

Context: Auxiliary healthcare workers (AHCWs) have a higher risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus infection than the general population. Daily handling and exposure to biomedical wastes, blood, and its products make the AHCWs vulnerable to blood borne diseases among which Hepatitis B is one of the world's most common and serious infectious diseases.

Aims: To evaluate the HBV infection related awareness and occupational risk perception among AHCWs.

Quantitative assessment of apical debris extrusion and intracanal debris in the apical third, using hand instrumentation and three rotary instrumentation systems.

Introduction: Decreased apical extrusion of debris and apical one third debris have strong implications for decreased incidence of postoperative inflammation and pain. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess quantitatively the apical extrusion of debris and intracanal debris in the apical third during root canal instrumentation using hand and three different types of rotary instruments.

Methodology: Sixty freshly extracted single rooted human teeth were randomly divided into four groups.

A novel distraction technique for pain management during local anesthesia administration in pediatric patients.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an active and novel distraction technique WITAUL (Writing In The Air Using Leg) on the pain behavior observed and reported by children receiving local anesthesia injections prior to dental treatment.

Study Design: The study was conducted on 160 children (80 in control and 80 in intervention group) between the ages of 4- 10 years. During the administration of anesthesia the children in the control group were made to relax by means of deep breathing and those in the intervention group were taught to use the WITAUL distraction technique.