α-Amylase inhibitory potential of dihydropyrano coumarins: In silico and DFT analysis.

Unlabelled: Coumarin derivatives are one of the naturally occurring bioactive molecule. Dihydropyrano coumarins are one of the medicinally important derivatives of coumarin which have been reported to exhibit various bioactivity. However, there are no reports on their antihyperglycemic activities.

Joint association of physical activity and the geriatric nutritional risk index with survival outcomes among cancer survivors in the United States: a population-based cohort study.

Introduction: The relationship between physical activity (PA) and nutritional status on the prognosis of cancer survivors remains underexplored. We aimed to investigate the combined effects of PA and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) on prognostic assessment of survival outcomes in US cancer survivors.

Methods: 2,619 subjects were screened from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 1999 to 2018.

Global Perspectives on Returning Genetic Research Results in Parkinson Disease.

Background And Objectives: In the era of precision medicine, genetic test results have become increasingly relevant in the care of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). While large research consortia are performing widespread research genetic testing to accelerate discoveries, debate continues about whether, and to what extent, the results should be returned to patients. Ethically, it is imperative to keep participants informed, especially when findings are potentially actionable.

Diagnosing Late-Onset Tay-Sachs Through Next Generation Sequencing and Functional Enzyme Testing: From Genes to Enzymes.

Tay-Sachs disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neurologic impairment due to pathogenic variants in the gene that codes for the alpha subunit of β-hexosaminidase. We report 2 cases of adult-onset progressive weakness, ataxia, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in a 30-year-old man and 37-year-old woman. Both patients had compound heterozygosity in the gene with 4 distinct variants.

-Related Muscular Dystrophies, LGMD, and TMD, in an Estonian Family Caused by the Finnish Founder Variant.

Background And Objectives: Tibial muscular dystrophy (TMD) is an autosomal dominant, slowly progressive late-onset distal myopathy. TMD was first described in 1991 by Udd et al. in Finnish patients, who were later found to harbor a heterozygous unique 11-bp insertion/deletion in the last exon of the gene-the Finnish founder variant (FINmaj).

Sustainable corrosion prevention of mild steel in acidic media with herb extract.

Mild steel provides strength to various building and industrial materials but it is badly affected by corrosion. In the present study, we investigate the efficacy of , a plant-based green corrosion inhibitor to minimize mild steel corrosion in a 1 M HSO solution. Weight loss, surface coverage, inhibition efficiency, and corrosion rate measurements were evaluated for various inhibitor concentrations and time intervals.

Mechanistic study of the adsorption capabilities of heavy metals on the surface of ferrihydrite: batch sorption, modeling, and density functional theory.

Ferrihydrite (Fh), a widely distributed mineral in the environment, plays a crucial role in the geochemical cycling of elements. This study used experimental and computational approaches to investigate the adsorption behavior of seven heavy metal ions on Fh. The pH edge analysis revealed that the adsorption capacity followed the order: Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni > Co > Mn, with Pb showed the highest adsorption.

Intramolecular noncovalent C-bonding driven conformational preference in spiroisatin-based -acyl hydrazones.

Noncovalent carbon bonding (C-bonding), a recently explored σ-hole interaction, has primarily been characterized through X-ray structural and computational studies. Evidence of C-bonds in solution is scarce, especially in highly polar solvents like DMSO where solvation effects typically overshadow weak non-covalent interactions. In this work, we present three novel spiroisatin-based -acyl hydrazones (1-3) in which C-bonds play a critical role in stabilizing the conformation in solution.

Biochar for ameliorating soil fertility and microbial diversity: From production to action of the black gold.

This article evaluated different production strategies, characteristics, and applications of biochar for ameliorating soil fertility and microbial diversity. The biochar production techniques are evolving, indicating that newer methods (including hydrothermal and retort carbonization) operate with minimum temperatures, yet resulting in high yields with significant improvements in different properties, including heating value, oxygen functionality, and carbon content, compared to the traditional methods. It has been found that the temperature, feedstock type, and moisture content play critical roles in the fabrication process.

Application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) enhances agronomic, physiological and antioxidant traits of under saline conditions: a practical approach.

Background: Salinity stress is a significant challenge in agriculture, particularly in regions where soil salinity is increasing due to factors such as irrigation practices and climate change. This stress adversely affects plant growth, development, and yield, posing a threat to the cultivation of economically important plants like . This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness by proactively applying indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to cuttings as a practical and efficient method for mitigating the adverse effects of salinity stress.

Continuous Production of Bifunctional Platform Chemicals from Plant Oils in Water by Cyclodextrin-Mediated Hydroformylation.

Platform chemicals from renewable resources with broad applications are highly desirable, particularly for replacing fossil-based monomers. Bifunctional aliphatic ester-aldehydes, accessible via regioselective hydroformylation of unsaturated oleochemicals, can be converted into linear ω-amino/ω-hydroxy esters and dicarboxylic acids-key building blocks for biobased aliphatic polycondensates. However, their success hinges on efficient, economically viable production, with catalyst recycling being critical.

Elevated Hepatic Copper Content in Porto-Sinusoidal Vascular Disorder (PSVD): Leading Down a Wrong Track.

Background And Aims: Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) is a rare vascular liver disorder characterised by specific histological findings in the absence of cirrhosis, which is poorly understood in terms of pathophysiology. While elevated hepatic copper content serves as diagnostic hallmark in Wilson disease (WD), hepatic copper content has not yet been investigated in PSVD.

Methods: Patients with a verified diagnosis of PSVD at the Medical University of Vienna and available hepatic copper content at the time of diagnosis of PSVD were retrospectively included.

Electron-Rich Heptacyclic S,N Heteroacene Enabling C-Shaped A-D-A-type Electron Acceptors With Photoelectric Response beyond 1000 Nm for Highly Sensitive Near-Infrared Photodetectors.

A highly electron-rich S,N heteroacene building block is developed and condensed with FIC and Cl-IC acceptors to furnish CT-F and CT-Cl, which exhibit near-infrared (NIR) absorption beyond 1000 nm. The C-shaped CT-F and CT-Cl self-assemble into a highly ordered 3D intermolecular packing network via multiple π-π interactions in the single crystal structures. The CT-F-based organic photovoltaic (OPV) achieved an impressive efficiency of 14.

Isolation and Identification of Mercury-Dissolved Organic Matter Complexes in Mercury-Humic Acid Suspensions.

Rationale: The complexation with dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a pivotal factor influencing transformations, transport, and bioavailability of mercury (Hg) in aquatic environments. However, identifying these complexes poses a significant challenge because of their low concentrations and the presence of coexisting ions.

Methods: In this study, mercury-dissolved organic matter (Hg-DOM) complexes were isolated through solid-phase extraction (SPE) from Hg-humic acid suspensions, and complexes were putatively identified using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS).

A complementary experimental and computational study on methanol adsorption isotherms of H-ZSM-5.

Methanol adsorption isotherms of fresh f-ZSM-5 and steamed s-ZSM-5 (Si/Al ≈ 40) are investigated experimentally at room temperature under equilibrium and by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations with the aim of understanding the adsorption capacity, geometry and sites as a function of steam treatment (at 573 K for 24 h). Methanol adsorption energies calculated by GCMC are complemented by density functional theory (DFT) employing both periodic and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) techniques. Physical and textural properties of f-ZSM-5 and s-ZSM-5 are characterised by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformed spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and N-physisorption, which form a basis to construct models for f-ZSM-5 and s-ZSM-5 to simulate methanol adsorption isotherms by GCMC.

Ferroelectricity and piezoelectric energy harvesting of an AMX-type 0D bromobismuthate hybrid with a bulky organic quaternary amine.

Organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric compounds of the halobismuthate family have emerged as a focal point of research owing to their reduced toxicity and distinctive optical characteristics. This study presents a novel ammonium hybrid perovskite, [BPMBDMA]·[Bi2Br9], which exhibits both ferro- and piezoelectric properties and crystallizes in the polar noncentrosymmetric 2 space group. The nonlinear optical (NLO) activity of [BPMBDMA]·[Bi2Br9] was corroborated through second harmonic generation measurements evidencing its noncentrosymmetric structure, which was further substantiated by piezoresponse force microscopy analyses.

Layer-by-layer thin films of TiC MXene and gold nanoparticles as an ideal SERS platform.

The combination of plasmonic metals and MXene, as a new and interesting member of the 2D material class, may provide unique advantages in terms of low cost, versatility, flexibility, and improved activity as an ideal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform. Despite the recent progress, the present studies on the utilization of plasmonic metal/MXene-based SERS systems are quite limited and thereby benefits of the extraordinary properties of this combination cannot be realized. In this study, for the first time, we propose layer-by-layer (LbL) thin films of TiC MXene and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a robust SERS platform (TiC/AuNPs).

Etiology and Clinical Prediction of Community-Acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children.

Background: Community acquired lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a leading cause for hospitalization in children and important cause for antibiotic prescription. We aimed to describe the aetiology of LRTI in children and analyse factors associated with bacterial or viral infection.

Methods: Patients aged < 19 years with a diagnosis of LRTI were identified from the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model Database of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from January 2005-July 2019, and their clinical characteristics were obtained from the electronic medical records and retrospectively reviewed.

Organelle-Targeting Nanoparticles.

Organelles are specialized subunits within cells which carry out vital functions crucial to cellular survival and form a tightly regulated network. Dysfunctions in any of these organelles are linked to numerous diseases impacting virtually every organ system in the human body. Targeted delivery of therapeutics to specific organelles within the cell holds great promise for overcoming challenging diseases and improving treatment outcomes through the minimization of therapeutic dosage and off-target effects.

Plague in Small Mammals From an Endemic Focus of the Malagasy Central Highlands: A Longitudinal Survey With a Special Reference on Black Rats (Rattus rattus).

Plague, a zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, remains a major public health threat in several parts of the world, including Madagascar. Factors underlying long-term persistence and emergence of the pathogen remain poorly understood. We implemented a longitudinal survey to provide insights into plague reservoir ecology within an endemic focus.

In a Different Light: Irradiation-Induced Cuticular Wax Accumulation Fails to Reduce Cuticular Transpiration.

The cuticle, an extracellular hydrophobic layer impregnated with waxy lipids, serves as the primary interface between plant leaves and their environment and is thus subject to external cues. A previous study on poplar leaves revealed that environmental conditions outdoors promoted the deposition of about 10-fold more cuticular wax compared to the highly artificial climate of a growth chamber. Given that light was the most significant variable distinguishing the two locations, we hypothesized that the quantity of light might serve as a key driver of foliar wax accumulation.

[Characteristics of type 2 inflammation in nocturnal asthma and evaluation of the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids combination therapy].

To investigate the characteristics of type 2 inflammation in patients with nocturnal asthma, and analyze the improvement of asthma symptoms after the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combined with different long-acting bronchodilators. Data of 231 asthma patients who first visited the Respiratory and Critical Care Medical Clinic of Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2020 to June 2023 and had positive bronchodilator tests (BDT), were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into nocturnal asthma group and non-nocturnal asthma group based on the presence or absence of nocturnal symptoms.

Open frameworks in the NaMn(PO)F fluoro-pyrophosphates system.

Three new sodium manganese fluoro-pyrophosphate compounds, namely, NaMn(PO)F (I), NaMn(PO)F (II), and NaMn(PO)F (III), have been synthesized by heating a mixture of NaPF, NaPOF or NaHPO with different Mn sources in NaNO and KNO fluxes. The structures of the title compounds were characterized single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). II is characteristic of a shell of Na ions that encloses one [Mn(PO)F] unit, whereas I and III reveal three-dimensional (3D) frameworks that consist of MnO, Mn/NaOF octahedra or MnO octahedra and distorted MnO square pyramids with PO units, where Na cations reside in different-membered ring one-dimensional (1D) tunnels.

Seed pretreatment with cloquintocet-mexyl protects wheat seedlings from fomesafen injury by promoting photosynthesis and decreasing oxidative stress.

Background: Fomesafen is a selective herbicide widely used to control post-emergent broad-leaf weeds in soybean and peanut fields. Because of its persistent nature in soil, it can suppress subsequent crops, including wheat. There is limited information focusing on methods of protecting wheat from fomesafen injury by soil residue.