The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in Head and Neck Cancers: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Detection Methods.

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) constitute a wide range of malignancies originating from the epithelial lining of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands. Although lymphomas affecting this region are not conventionally classified as HNCs, they may occur in lymph nodes or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues within the head and neck. Oncogenic viruses play a crucial role in HNC onset.

Preexisting Skin-Resident CD8 and γδ T-cell Circuits Mediate Immune Response in Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Predict Immunotherapy Efficacy.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with a ∼50% response rate to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. To identify predictive biomarkers, we integrated bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with spatial transcriptomics from a cohort of 186 samples from 116 patients, including bulk RNA-seq from 14 matched pairs pre- and post-ICB. In nonresponders, tumors show evidence of increased tumor proliferation, neuronal stem cell markers, and IL1.

Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the lacrimal sac with involvement of maxillary sinus: a case report and review of literature.

Primary lacrimal sac lymphoma is a rare condition, often presenting with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Herein, we present a unique case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) involving the lacrimal sac, maxillary sinus, and infraorbital nerve. Prompt diagnosis via biopsy is essential for timely treatment and the prevention of tumor progression.

A scientometric and comparative study of Sjogren's syndrome research by rheumatologists and stomatologists.

Background/purpose: The diagnosis and treatment of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) are commonly conducted by rheumatologists and stomatologists. The purpose of this study was to compare the scientometric characteristics of SS publications by rheumatologists and stomatologists.

Materials And Methods: All the papers on cheilitis were comprehensively retrieved from the Scopus database, and divided into rheumatologists and stomatologists groups.

Bibliometric analysis reveals the research hotspots and trends of nasopharyngeal carcinoma immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy is a promising strategy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a common and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive and objective overview of the current research status and trends of immunotherapy-related fields in NPC. We performed a bibliometric analysis of 513 original articles and reviews in English on immunotherapy for NPC from the Web of Science Core Collection database, using CiteSpace and Bibliometrix software tools.

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the larynx: A case report and scoping review.

Background: This scoping review aims to review cases of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) of the larynx to establish best management practices for this rare clinical entity.

Methods: In this paper, we report a case of laryngeal MZL, in accordance with CARE guidelines. We then performed a scoping review according to PRISMA-ScR criteria of published cases of MZL involving the larynx.

Pattern of Clinical Presentation in Patients With Lymphoma.

Introduction Lymphomas take place when cells of the lymphatic system divide and re-divide in an uncontrolled fashion, and lymphomas have been termed as a "diverse group" of cancer, playing a major role in the area of oncology. The clinical behavior and manifestations of lymphomas in the head and neck region usually lack specific characteristics that would enable attribution to a specific lymphoma entity without biopsy and histological evidence. This study aimed to determine the frequency of common clinical features among patients with lymphoma.

Incidence and Characteristics of Multiple Primary Cancers: A 20-Year Retrospective Study of a Single Cancer Center in Korea.

Rising cancer survival rates have led to an increased risk of multiple primary cancers (MPCs). Data on MPCs in South Korea are limited. This study aimed to address incidence and clinical characteristics of MPCs in a single cancer center in Korea during a 20-year period.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Cervical Lymphadenopathies at a Tertiary Care Center in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Introduction  Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become widely used as a first-line diagnostic tool in the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathies (LADs). However, there are conflicting reports regarding its accuracy in differentiating between malignant and benign pathologies. In this study, we aim to determine the reliability of FNAC in distinguishing between benign and malignant pathologies causing cervical LAD.

Images in Anesthesiology: Carotid Sinus Reflex From Neck Mass and Opioids.

Surgery on head and neck masses presents unique challenges to overcome, especially in relation to preoperative anesthesia induction. Tumor proximity to the carotid sinus can result in extreme hemodynamic depression, by way of compression or direct invasion of the node. Neck hyperextension required for endotracheal intubation can worsen the underlying compression.

Laryngotracheal Stenosis Secondary to Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

Acute laryngeal dyspnea is a life-threatening emergency often attributed to laryngeal tumors or inflammatory edema in adults. Primary laryngeal lymphomas are especially infrequent. As an aggressive subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cases are particularly complex.

Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy Can Accelerate Diagnosis of Cervical Lymphadenopathy.

Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is an optical technique that uses laser light sources of different wavelengths to generate real-time images of fresh, unfixed tissue specimens. Unlike conventional histologic evaluation methods, FCM is able to assess fresh tissue samples without the associated cryo artifacts typically observed after frozen sectioning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of FCM imaging in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.

Mechanisms of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis: A Review of Therapeutic Targets and Approaches.

Pulmonary toxicity is a serious side effect of some specific anticancer drugs. Bleomycin is a well-known anticancer drug that triggers severe reactions in the lungs. It is an approved drug that may be prescribed for the treatment of testicular cancers, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancers, and cervical cancer.

Peer-to-peer validation of Ki-67 scoring in a pathology quality circle as a tool to assess interobserver variability: are we better than we thought?

Ki-67, a nuclear protein expressed in all stages of cellular proliferation, is a valuable tool to assess tumor proliferation and has been linked to more aggressive tumor behavior. However, interlaboratory staining heterogeneity and inter-observer variability challenge its reproducibility. Round Robin tests are a suitable tool to standardize and harmonize immunohistochemical and molecular analyses in histopathology.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes.

Many patients visit outpatient clinics suffering from cervical lymphadenopathy. For those patients, ultrasonography is useful in differentiating inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors. On ultrasonographic images, normal lymph nodes are indicated as hypoechogenic masses with a well-defined border.

Transcriptomic convergence despite genomic divergence drive field cancerization in synchronous squamous tumors.

Introduction: Field cancerization is suggested to arise from imbalanced differentiation in individual basal progenitor cells leading to clonal expansion of mutant cells that eventually replace the epithelium, although without evidence.

Methods: We performed deep sequencing analyses to characterize the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of field change in two patients with synchronous aerodigestive tract tumors.

Results: Our data support the emergence of numerous genetic alterations in cancer-associated genes but refutes the hypothesis that founder mutation(s) underpin this phenomenon.

The underlying mechanism of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy triggering secondary T-cell cancers: Mystery of the Sphinx?

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has reported cases of T-cell malignancies, including CAR-positive lymphomas, in patients receiving B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)- or CD19-targeted autologous CAR-T cell immunotherapy.

Identification of PATL1 as a prognostic and immunotherapeutic predictive factor for nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

This research examines the function of protein associated with topoisomerase II homolog 1 () in nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We analyzed bulk RNA-seq data from NKTCL, nasal polyps, and normal nasal mucosa, identifying 439 differentially expressed genes. Machine learning algorithms highlighted as a hub gene.

Post-marketing safety of lorlatinib: a real-world study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Background: Lorlatinib displays marked systemic and intracranial efficacy against anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to establish the safety profile of lorlatinib based on the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods: Reports from the FAERS between 2019 and 2023 were collected to conduct the disproportionality analysis.

[A rapidly enlarging neck mass].

The differential diagnosis of a rapidly enlarging neck mass consists of many different benign ((haemorrhagic) cyst) and malignant (anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and lymphoma) causes. ATC is a rare disease with a median survival of 6 months. As early diagnosis and management are key for fast-growing cancers, in our centre we have implemented a dedicated short-stay in-hospital fast-track diagnostic work-up for patients with a rapid growing mass in the neck.

Evasion of apoptosis and treatment resistance in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Combinations of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can eradicate tumors in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN), but a significant proportion of tumors progress, recur, or do not respond to therapy due to treatment resistance. The prognosis for these patients is poor, thus new approaches are needed to improve outcomes. Key resistance mechanisms to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with LA SCCHN are alterations to the pathways that mediate apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death.