Momentary physical activity, subjective age, and the moderating role of pain.

Subjective age, that is felt age compared to chronological age, is an important predictor of health and well-being in later life. It can fluctuate from day to day and from one moment to another. Previous cross-sectional and macro-longitudinal studies have shown that feeling younger is related to physical fitness and exercise.

Gamified Web-Delivered Attentional Bias Modification Training for Adults With Chronic Pain: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Attentional bias to pain-related information has been implicated in pain chronicity. To date, research investigating attentional bias modification training (ABMT) procedures in people with chronic pain has found variable success, perhaps because training paradigms are typically repetitive and monotonous, which could negatively affect engagement and adherence. Increasing engagement through the gamification (ie, the use of game elements) of ABMT may provide the opportunity to overcome some of these barriers.

trans-2-Octenal controls Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the causal agent of tomato wilt in vitro, in soil and in the field.

Background: Fungal plant diseases cause major crop losses. Phytopathogenic fungi's ability to evolve resistance to fungicides, alongside ongoing prohibition of such agents by the European Commission because of their pronounced adverse effects on human health and the environment, make their control a challenge. Moreover, the development of less perilous fungicides is a complex task.

Cyclodehydrogenation of molecular nanographene precursors catalyzed by atomic hydrogen.

Atomically precise synthesis of graphene nanostructures on semiconductors and insulators has been a formidable challenge. In particular, the metallic substrates needed to catalyze cyclodehydrogenative planarization reactions limit subsequent applications that exploit the electronic and/or magnetic structure of graphene derivatives. Here, we introduce a protocol in which an on-surface reaction is initiated and carried out regardless of the substrate type.

Intervalence plasmons in boron-doped diamond.

Doped semiconductors can exhibit metallic-like properties ranging from superconductivity to tunable localized surface plasmon resonances. Diamond is a wide-bandgap semiconductor that is rendered electronically active by incorporating a hole dopant, boron. While the effects of boron doping on the electronic band structure of diamond are well-studied, any link between charge carriers and plasmons has never been shown.

Analysis of Body Fluid Distribution, Phase Angle and Its Association With Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy: An Observational Study.

Background And Aims: Body composition parameters associated with aerobic fitness, mirrored by maximal oxygen consumption (V̇Omax), have recently gained interest as indicators of physical efficiency in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) allows a noninvasive and repeatable estimate of body composition but is based on the use of predictive equations which, if used in cohorts with different characteristics from those for which the equation was originally formulated, could give biased results. Instead, the phase angle (PhA), a BIA raw bioelectrical parameter reflecting body fluids distribution, could provide reliable data for such analysis.

On the Readiness of Scientific Data Papers for a Fair and Transparent Use in Machine Learning.

To ensure the fairness and trustworthiness of machine learning (ML) systems, recent legislative initiatives and relevant research in the ML community have pointed out the need to document the data used to train ML models. Besides, data-sharing practices in many scientific domains have evolved in recent years for reproducibility purposes. In this sense, academic institutions' adoption of these practices has encouraged researchers to publish their data and technical documentation in peer-reviewed publications such as data papers.

Molecular Order Induced Charge Transfer in a C-Topological Insulator Moiré Heterostructure.

We synthesized and spectroscopically investigated monolayer (ML) C on the topological insulator (TI) BiTe. This C/BiTe heterostructure is characterized by an excellent translational order in a novel (4 × 4) C superstructure on a (9 × 9) cell of BiTe. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of C/BiTe reveals that ML C accepts electrons from the TI at room temperature, but no charge transfer occurs at low temperatures.

Metagenomic Profiling of Oral Microbiome Dynamics During Chemoradiotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Background: We explored the interaction between the oral microbiome and the development of radiation-induced mucositis in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We prospectively studied the oral microbiome and compared it to healthy controls. Additionally, we compared patients with low-grade (LGM) vs.

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD.

Usefulness of Cerebrospinal Fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in older patients: Evidence from a national multicenter prospective study.

Background: The use of cerebrospinal (CSF) biomarkers in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been gaining interest in clinical practice. Although their usefulness has been demonstrated, their potential value in older patients remains debated.

Objectives: To assess whether knowledge of the results of CSF AD biomarkers was associated with the same gain in diagnostic confidence in older adults > 80 than in younger patients.

Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction and Its Relationship with Biliary Cancer: An Updated and Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Behalf of TROGSS-The Robotic Global Surgical Society.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the degree to which pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) increases the risk of different types of biliary cancer (BC).

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. We systematically searched from inception to April 2024.

The Effect of Ionising Radiation on the Properties of Tumour-Derived Exosomes and Their Ability to Modify the Biology of Non-Irradiated Breast Cancer Cells-An In Vitro Study.

The vast majority of breast cancer patients require radiotherapy but some of them will develop local recurrences and potentially metastases in the future. Recent data show that exosomal cargo is essential in these processes. Thus, we investigated the influence of ionising radiation on exosome properties and their ability to modify the sensitivity and biology of non-irradiated cells.

A High-Quality Phased Genome Assembly of Stinging Nettle ( ssp. ).

Stinging nettles () have a long history of association with human civilization, having been used as a source of textile fibers, food and medicine. Here, we present a chromosome-level, phased genome assembly for a diploid female clone of from Romania. Using a combination of PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore, and Illumina sequencing, as well as Hi-C long-range interaction data (using a novel Hi-C protocol presented here), we assembled two haplotypes of 574.

Machine learning in the prediction of human wellbeing.

Subjective wellbeing data are increasingly used across the social sciences. Yet, despite the widespread use of such data, the predictive power of approaches commonly used to model wellbeing is only limited. In response, we here use tree-based Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to provide a better understanding of respondents' self-reported wellbeing.

Boosting any learning algorithm with Statistically Enhanced Learning.

Feature engineering is of critical importance in the field of Data Science. While any data scientist knows the importance of rigorously preparing data to obtain good performing models, only scarce literature formalizes its benefits. In this work, we present the method of Statistically Enhanced Learning (SEL), a formalization framework of existing feature engineering and extraction tasks in Machine Learning (ML).

Aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles enable oligonucleotide delivery into muscle stem cells to promote regeneration of dystrophic muscles.

Inefficient targeting of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), also called satellite cells, represents a major bottleneck of current therapeutic strategies for muscular dystrophies, as it precludes the possibility of promoting compensatory regeneration. Here we describe a muscle-targeting delivery platform, based on gold nanoparticles, that enables the release of therapeutic oligonucleotides into MuSCs. We demonstrate that AuNPs conjugation to an aptamer against α7/β1 integrin dimers directs either local or systemic delivery of microRNA-206 to MuSCs, thereby promoting muscle regeneration and improving muscle functionality, in a mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Exploring the status of online social support for older adults with cancer: A scoping review.

Introduction: The number of new cancer cases among older adults is rising, yet their social support needs remain unmet due to diminishing social networks with age. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, online technologies have provided increased opportunities for social support for this demographic via digital platforms such as online peer support groups, online communities, and chat rooms. This scoping review explores the current state of the use of online social support for older adults with cancer.

Clinimetric analysis of the numeric pain rating scale, patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation, and tennis elbow function scale in patients with lateral elbow tendinopathy.

Background: Currently, there is conflicting clinimetric data on the patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation (PRTEE) and a paucity of evidence regarding the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and tennis elbow function scale (TEFS) in patients with lateral elbow tendinopathy.

Objective: Perform a comprehensive clinimetric analysis of the NPRS, PRTEE, and TEFS in a sample of patients ( = 143) with lateral elbow tendinopathy.

Methods: Establish the reliability, construct validity, responsiveness, meaningful clinically important difference (MCID), and minimal detectable change (MDC) values for the NPRS, PRTEE, and TEFS at the 3-month follow-up.

Analyzing Atomic Interactions in Molecules as Learned by Neural Networks.

While machine learning (ML) models have been able to achieve unprecedented accuracies across various prediction tasks in quantum chemistry, it is now apparent that accuracy on a test set alone is not a guarantee for robust chemical modeling such as stable molecular dynamics (MD). To go beyond accuracy, we use explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques to develop a general analysis framework for atomic interactions and apply it to the SchNet and PaiNN neural network models. We compare these interactions with a set of fundamental chemical principles to understand how well the models have learned the underlying physicochemical concepts from the data.

The topology of a chaotic attractor in the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation.

The Birman-Williams theorem gives a connection between the collection of unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) contained within a chaotic attractor and the topology of that attractor, for three-dimensional systems. In certain cases, the fractal dimension of a chaotic attractor in a partial differential equation (PDE) is less than three, even though that attractor is embedded within an infinite-dimensional space. Here, we study the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky PDE at the onset of chaos.

Medicaid Unwinding Experiences in Dual-Eligible Older Adults.

Importance: Dual-eligible older adults rely on Medicaid to pay for Medicare premiums and cost sharing in addition to supplemental services including dental and long-term care. However, the unique experiences of dual-eligible older adults with Medicaid unwinding remain unknown.

Objective: To assess the awareness and experiences of dual-eligible older adults with Medicaid redetermination.