Neurosarcoidosis with chronic cough and Horner's syndrome.

A 62-year-old man attended ophthalmology for a simple ptosis repair. He had a chronic cough, a Horner's syndrome with post-gustatory hyperhidrosis. He was referred to the respiratory and neurology teams.

South Asian individuals' experiences on the NHS low-calorie diet programme: a qualitative study in community settings in England.

Background: Existing literature examines barriers to the provision of ethnically diverse dietary advice, however, is not specific to total diet replacement (TDR). There is a lack of literature from the UK, limiting the potential applicability of existing findings and themes to the UK context. This study addresses this gap in research by interviewing participants of South Asian ethnicity who have undertaken the National Health Service (NHS) low-calorie diet programme (LCD) for people with type 2 diabetes living with overweight or obesity.

Implementation of Recommendations on the Use of Corticosteroids in Severe COVID-19.

Importance: Research diversity and representativeness are paramount in building trust, generating valid biomedical knowledge, and possibly in implementing clinical guidelines.

Objectives: To compare variations over time and across World Health Organization (WHO) geographic regions of corticosteroid use for treatment of severe COVID-19; secondary objectives were to evaluate the association between the timing of publication of the RECOVERY (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy) trial (June 2020) and the WHO guidelines for corticosteroids (September 2020) and the temporal trends observed in corticosteroid use by region and to describe the geographic distribution of the recruitment in clinical trials that informed the WHO recommendation.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study of 434 851 patients was conducted between January 31, 2020, and September 2, 2022, in 63 countries worldwide.

Burden of Uncontrolled Severe Asthma With and Without Elevated Type-2 Inflammatory Biomarkers.

Background: Many patients with asthma have type-2 airway inflammation, identified by the presence of biomarkers, including history of allergy, high blood eosinophil (EOS) count, and high fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels.

Objective: To assess disease burden in relation to type-2 inflammatory biomarker status (history of allergy, blood EOS count, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide level) in patients with uncontrolled and controlled severe asthma in the NOVEL observational longiTudinal studY (NOVELTY) (NCT02760329).

Methods: Asthma diagnosis and severity were physician-reported.

Effect of resveratrol on SH-SY5Y cells studied by atomic force microscopy.

In this paper, the effects of resveratrol on the viability, morphology, biomechanics and bioelectricity of SH-SY5Y cells were studied by atomic force microscopy. MTT assay showed that resveratrol had a dose effect on SH-SY5Y cells, and its activity was related to drug concentration and drug action time. With the increase of resveratrol concentration or the extension of action time, the activity of SH-SY5Y cells decreased obviously.

Artificial Intelligence in Scoliosis Classification: An Investigation of Language-Based Models.

Open-source artificial intelligence models are finding free application in various industries, including computer science and medicine. Their clinical potential, especially in assisting diagnosis and therapy, is the subject of increasingly intensive research. Due to the growing interest in AI for diagnostics, we conducted a study evaluating the abilities of AI models, including ChatGPT, Microsoft Bing, and Scholar AI, in classifying single-curve scoliosis based on radiological descriptions.

Superhydrophobic Antifrosting 7075 Aluminum Alloy Surface with Stable Cassie-Baxter State Fabricated through Direct Laser Interference Lithography and Hydrothermal Treatment.

Frost formation and accumulation can have catastrophic effects on a wide range of industrial activities. Hence, a dual-scale surface with a stable Cassie-Baxter state is developed to mitigate the frosting problem by utilizing direct laser interference lithography assisted with hydrothermal treatment. The high Laplace pressure tolerance under the evaporation stimulus and prolonged Cassie-Baxter state maintenance under the condensation stimulus demonstrate the stable Cassie-Baxter state.

A new framework for evaluating dust emission model development using dichotomous satellite observations of dust emission.

Dust models are essential for understanding the impact of mineral dust on Earth's systems, human health, and global economies, but dust emission modelling has large uncertainties. Satellite observations of dust emission point sources (DPS) provide a valuable dichotomous inventory of regional dust emissions. We develop a framework for evaluating dust emission model performance using existing DPS data before routine calibration of dust models.

What impact do self-referral and direct access pathways for patients have on health inequalities?

Background: There is increasing interest in self-referral and direct access as alternatives pathways to care to improve patient access to specialist services. The impact of these pathways on health inequalities is unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the impact of self-referral and direct access pathways on inequalities in health care use.

Strategies to improve the magnetic resonance imaging experience for autistic individuals: a cross-sectional study exploring parents and carers' experiences.

Background: Autistic individuals encounter numerous barriers in accessing healthcare, including communication difficulties, sensory sensitivities, and a lack of appropriate adjustments. These issues are particularly acute during MRI scans, which involve confined spaces, loud noises, and the necessity to remain still. There remains no unified approach to preparing autistic individuals for MRI procedures.

Impact of Vascular Service Centralization on the Carotid Endarterectomy Pathway: A Study at the Bedfordshire, Luton, and Milton Keynes Vascular Network.

Introduction Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the gold standard intervention for patients experiencing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or embolic strokes with >50% internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis supplying index hemispheric territory. The recommended period for CEA is 14 days post-index event; this period carries a heightened risk for second ischemic events. However, implementation of this stringent timeline often encounters delays stemming from multifaceted factors.

Effect of curcumin on malignant hepatocytes and mitochondria studied using atomic force microscopy.

Mitochondria are emerging as potential targets for the cancer treatment. In this study, the effects of curcumin on the activity, migration, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of malignant hepatocytes (SMMC-7721 cells) were determined using cell viability, migration, and MMP assays. Changes in the morphology and biomechanics of SMMC-7721 cells and their mitochondria were studied using both optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Carbapenems are effective drugs against bacterial pathogens and resistance to them is considered a great public health threat, especially in notorious nosocomial pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii and P.

Effectiveness of a randomized intervention by a geriatric team in frail hospital inpatients in non-geriatric settings: FRAILCLINIC project.

Background: Little research has been undertaken on the benefits of frailty management within different hospital settings. The objective of this study is to provide evidence on the viability and effectiveness of frailty management in non-geriatric hospital settings on mortality and functional decline after discharge.

Methods: Data from the FRAILCLINIC (NCT02643069) study were used.

Lipid exchange at ER-trans-Golgi contact sites governs polarized cargo sorting.

Oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) extracts cholesterol from the ER to deliver it to the TGN via counter exchange and subsequent hydrolysis of the phosphoinositide PI(4)P. Here, we show that this pathway is essential in polarized epithelial cells where it contributes not only to the proper subcellular distribution of cholesterol but also to the trans-Golgi sorting and trafficking of numerous plasma membrane cargo proteins with apical or basolateral localization. Reducing the expression of OSBP, blocking its activity, or inhibiting a PI4Kinase that fuels OSBP with PI(4)P abolishes the epithelial phenotype.

Promoting a global culture of respectful maternity care.

Respectful maternity care (RMC) - a fundamental human right for all women - prioritizes autonomy and rights of pregnant and birthing women throughout the entire childbirth journey. Despite increasing acknowledgment of the importance of RMC for optimal maternal and new-born outcomes, women often experience disrespectful and abusive practices during pregnancy and childbirth. This Editorial points to the need for development of international guidelines for the implementation of RMC programs globally.

Trends in research grant applications and outcomes among medical students in the United Kingdom: a national self-reported cross-sectional survey.

Background: Research funding disparities contribute to clinical academic workforce inequalities. Hence, our study explores the association between student demographics and research grant application rates and outcomes among UK medical students.

Methods: This is a national multicentre cross-sectional survey of UK medical students in the 2020-21 academic year.

Borealin/CDCA8 deficiency alters thyroid development and results in papillary tumor-like structures.

Background: / mutations are associated with congenital hypothyroidism and thyroid dysgenesis. Borealin is involved in mitosis as part of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex. Although mutations decrease thyrocyte adhesion and migration, little is known about the specific role of Borealin in the thyroid.

Relapse after cessation of weekly tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis: a multicentre service evaluation in England.

Objectives: The National Health Service in England funds 12 months of weekly subcutaneous tocilizumab (qwTCZ) for patients with relapsing or refractory giant cell arteritis (GCA). During the COVID-19 pandemic, some patients were allowed longer treatment. We sought to describe what happened to patients after cessation of qwTCZ.

Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome reveals the potential mechanism of fruit flavor formation in wild hawthorn ().

Hawthorns are important medicinal and edible plants with a long history of health protection in China. Besides cultivated hawthorn, other wild hawthorns may also have excellent medicinal and edible value, such as , an endemic species distributed in the Southwest of China. In this study, by integrating the flavor-related metabolome and transcriptome data of the ripening fruit of , we have developed an understanding of the formation of hawthorn fruit quality.

Factors leading to the late diagnosis and poor outcomes of breast cancer in Matabeleland South and the Bulawayo Metropolitan Provinces in Zimbabwe.

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of female cancer deaths in Africa, and in Zimbabwe, >80% present with advanced disease. A Needs Project (NP) was carried out to determine the key factors responsible for delayed diagnosis and poor BC outcomes and to investigate possible solutions in 6 rural and urban districts of Matabeleland South and Bulawayo Metropolitan Provinces.

Methods: A mixed method approach was used to collect data in 2 phases.

The effect of high altitude on ephedrine content and metabolic variations in two species of .

is an important plant in Chinese medicine; however, there are few reports on two species of Ephedra which are distributed at high altitudes from 3000 to 5200 meters. We collected a total of 84 individuals representing five and nine populations respectively located from 3158 to 5200 meters altitude, and determined the relative content of 213 metabolites using UHPLC-MS/MS (Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). 37 Chemical compositions were annotated using the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) database.