Computational thinking in university students: The role of fluid intelligence and visuospatial ability.

Computational thinking (CT) is a set of problem-solving skills with high relevance in education and work contexts. The present paper explores the role of key cognitive factors underlying CT performance in non-programming university students. We collected data from 97 non-programming adults in higher education in a supervised setting.

Non-invasive versus arterial pressure monitoring in the pre-hospital critical care environment: a paired comparison of concurrently recorded measurements.

Background: Blood pressure monitoring is important in the pre-hospital management of critically ill patients. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurements are commonly used but the accuracy of standard oscillometric cuff devices may be affected by extremes of physiology and adverse conditions (e.g.

Early findings from the NHS Type 2 Diabetes Path to Remission Programme: a prospective evaluation of real-world implementation.

Background: Randomised controlled trials have shown that total diet replacement (TDR) can lead to remission of type 2 diabetes. In 2019, the English National Health Service (NHS) committed to establishing a TDR-based interventional programme delivered at scale within real-world environments; development followed of the NHS Type 2 Diabetes Path to Remission (T2DR) programme, a 12-month behavioural intervention to support weight loss involving an initial 3-month period of TDR. We assessed remission of type 2 diabetes for programme participants.

A Rare Presentation of Multiple Myeloma With Spontaneous Haematoma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) typically presents with characteristic symptoms such as bone pain, hypercalcaemia, renal dysfunction, and anaemia. However, atypical presentations of MM, though rare, have been reported. These atypical presentations pose a diagnostic challenge due to their varied clinical manifestations, leading to potential delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation.

Barriers and facilitators of deceased organ donation among Muslims living globally: An integrative systematic review.

Aim: To identify the barriers and facilitators of deceased organ donation among the Muslim community living globally.

Method: A systematic search was undertaken in databases such as CINAHL, Medline with full text, Global Health and PsycINFO via EBSCO; Scopus via Elsevier; Web of Science via Clarivate; and PubMed via US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health were used to retrieve the studies on the 31st of December 2023. Apart from these databases two other journals, the Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, and the Journal of Experimental and Clinical Transplantation were also used to search for relevant studies.

The burden of diabetes-associated multiple long-term conditions on years of life spent and lost.

Diabetes mellitus is a central driver of multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs), but population-based studies have not clearly characterized the burden across the life course. We estimated the age of onset, years of life spent and loss associated with diabetes-related MLTCs among 46 million English adults. We found that morbidity patterns extend beyond classic diabetes complications and accelerate the onset of severe MLTCs by 20 years earlier in life in women and 15 years earlier in men.

Probing action potentials of single beating cardiomyocytes using atomic force microscopy.

This paper presents a method for using atomic force microscopy to probe action potentials of single beating cardiomyocytes at the nanoscale. In this work, the conductive tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) was used as a nanoelectrode to record the action potentials of self-beating cardiomyocytes in both the non-constant force contact mode and the constant force contact mode. An electrical model of a tip-cell interface was developed and the indentation force effect on the seal of an AFM conductive tip-cell membrane was theoretically analyzed.

Assessing the Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Models in Scoliosis Classification and Suggested Therapeutic Approaches.

Open-source artificial intelligence models (OSAIMs) are increasingly being applied in various fields, including IT and medicine, offering promising solutions for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In response to the growing interest in AI for clinical diagnostics, we evaluated several OSAIMs-such as ChatGPT 4, Microsoft Copilot, Gemini, PopAi, You Chat, Claude, and the specialized PMC-LLaMA 13B-assessing their abilities to classify scoliosis severity and recommend treatments based on radiological descriptions from AP radiographs. Our study employed a two-stage methodology, where descriptions of single-curve scoliosis were analyzed by AI models following their evaluation by two independent neurosurgeons.

pH-induced changes in IgE molecules measured by atomic force microscopy.

The environment surrounding proteins is tightly linked to its dynamics, which can significantly influence the conformation of proteins. This study focused on the effect of pH conditions on the ultrastructure of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecules. Herein, the morphology, height, and area of IgE molecules incubated at different pH were imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the law of IgE changes induced by pH value was explored.

Reference values for biochemical tests during pregnancy: analysis of the PRECAREbio Cohort and correlation with precarious status.

Objective: To establish normal current values of various biochemical parameters during pregnancy in the northern area of Paris (France) in a subgroup from the PreCARE cohort and to study their changes according to the term of pregnancy, and to determine the influence of maternal precarity.

Design: The PreCAREbio cohort of pregnant women was defined in the PreCARE study, a multicenter cohort study.

Setting: Participants completed detailed questionnaires at enrolment and immediately postpartum.

Assessing the standard of emergency general surgical (EGS) operation notes in accordance with the Royal College of Surgeons guidelines.

Objectives: Operation notes are important for care in surgical patients. The objectives of this study were to analyze the emergency general surgery (EGS) operation note documentation in accordance with the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSEng) guidelines and to assess the impact of creating awareness of the guidelines and effect of a new proforma.

Material And Methods: A retrospective review of 50 EGS operation notes was conducted between December 2019 and March 2020 and compared to RCSEng guidelines.

At-admission prediction of mortality and pulmonary embolism in an international cohort of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 using statistical and machine learning methods.

By September 2022, more than 600 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported globally, resulting in over 6.5 million deaths. COVID-19 mortality risk estimators are often, however, developed with small unrepresentative samples and with methodological limitations.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on an Integrated Care Programme for Older People with Different Frailty Levels (OPDFL): A Qualitative Study with Service Providers in the East of England.

Introduction: While populations of all ages were affected by the pandemic, older people with frailty had much worse outcomes. The NHS England has mandated identifying and proactively managing older people with moderate and severe frailty in the General medical services (GMS) contract 2017/18. As a result of this policy, an integrated care programme for older people with different frailty levels (OPDFL) was introduced in Luton in 2018 (known as, Luton Framework for Frailty - LFF).

Patients' Preferences for Cytoreductive Treatments in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer: The IP5-MATTER Study.

Background And Objective: Cytoreductive treatments for patients diagnosed with de novo synchronous metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) confer incremental survival benefits over systemic therapy, but these may lead to added toxicity and morbidity. Our objective was to determine patients' preferences for, and trade-offs between, additional cytoreductive prostate and metastasis-directed interventions.

Methods: A prospective multicentre discrete choice experiment trial was conducted at 30 hospitals in the UK between December 3, 2020 and January 25, 2023 (NCT04590976).

Artificial intelligence detects awareness of functional relation with the environment in 3 month old babies.

A recent experiment probed how purposeful action emerges in early life by manipulating infants' functional connection to an object in the environment (i.e., tethering an infant's foot to a colorful mobile).

Analysis of the effect of staple line reinforcement on leaking and bleeding after sleeve gastrectomy from the UK National Bariatric Surgery Registry.

Introduction: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is currently the most frequently performed procedure for obesity worldwide. Staple line reinforcement (SLR) has been suggested as a strategy to reduce the risk of staple line leak or bleeding; however, its use for SG in the United Kingdom (UK) is unknown. This study examined the effect of SLR on the development of postoperative complications from SG using a large national dataset from the UK.

Disinfection Byproducts of Haloacetaldehydes Disrupt Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Induce Lipotoxicity in High-Fat Culture Conditions.

Unhealthy lifestyles, obesity, and environmental pollutants are strongly correlated with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Haloacetaldehyde-associated disinfection byproducts (HAL-DBPs) at various multiples of concentrations found in finished drinking water together with high-fat (HF) were examined to gauge their mixed effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. Using new alternative methods (NAMs), studying effects in human cells for risk assessment, we investigated the combined effects of HF and HAL-DBPs on hepatic lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in immortalized LO-2 human hepatocytes.

An investigation of antecedents and consequences of green value internalisation among sampled UK enterprises.

Despite the growing popularity of the concept of green value internalisation, research on how this concept is being accomplished at the enterprise level is still limited. The purpose of this study is to address this knowledge gap by drawing from previously known concepts of green value and value internalisation. It examines the antecedents and consequences of green value internalisation and evaluates how these environment-leaning approaches impact competitive advantage.

Cell recognition based on features extracted by AFM and parameter optimization classifiers.

Intelligent technology can assist in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, which would pave the way towards precision medicine in the coming decade. As a key focus of medical research, the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer play an important role in the future survival of patients. In this work, a diagnostic method based on nano-resolution imaging was proposed to meet the demand for precise detection methods in medicine and scientific research.

Time of Day and Sleep Deprivation Effects on Risky Decision Making.

Previous research has revealed that daily variations in human neurobehavioral functions are driven in part by the endogenous circadian system. The objective of this study was to explore whether there exists a circadian influence on performance regarding a risky decision-making task and to determine whether the performance changes with sleep deprivation (SD). Thirteen participants underwent a 39 h constant routine (CR) protocol, during which they remained awake in constant conditions and performed the BART (balloon analogue risk task) every two hours.