Biologics as well as inhaled anti-asthmatic therapy achieve clinical remission: Evidence from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI).

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of severe asthma (SA) treatments after 12 months in achieving clinical remission (CR) within the context of the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) using the recent SANI definition of CR on treatment.

Methods: CR has been defined by SANI as complete, partial, and no CR. Complete CR is defined by the absence of oral corticosteroids (OCS), no symptoms, no exacerbations, and stable lung function, and partial CR requires the absence of OCS and the fulfillment of 2 out of the other 3 criteria.

Regionalized regulation of actomyosin organization influences cardiomyocyte cell shape changes during chamber curvature formation.

Cardiac chambers emerge from a heart tube that balloons and bends to create expanded ventricular and atrial structures, each containing a convex outer curvature (OC) and a recessed inner curvature (IC). A comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of these characteristic curvatures remains lacking. Here, we demonstrate in zebrafish that the initially similar populations of OC and IC ventricular cardiomyocytes diverge in the organization of their actomyosin cytoskeleton and subsequently acquire distinct OC and IC cell shapes.

Transition from Procoagulation to Antiplatelet Effect: Application and Mechanism of Aspirin-Modified Chitosan in Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts.

Chitosan is generally considered to be a procoagulant effect, which may cause adverse phenomena such as blood clotting when used in small-diameter vascular grafts. However, it also shows good biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory properties, which can facilitate vascular reconstruction. Therefore, it is significant to transition the effect of chitosan from coagulation promotion to antiplatelet while still harnessing its bioactivity.

IL-25 Enhances B Cell Responses in Type 2 Inflammation Through IL-17RB Receptor.

Background: Alarmin cytokine IL-25 promotes type 2 inflammatory responses in disorders such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and known targets include ILC2 and Th2 cells. However, other cellular targets for IL-25 remain poorly defined.

Objective: To investigate induction and expression of IL-25 receptor (IL-17RB) by B cells and evaluate responsiveness of IL-17RB-expressing B cells to IL-25 in vitro.

Interleukin-6 is significantly increased in severe pneumonia after allo-HSCT and might induce lung injury via IL-6/sIL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 pathway.

Background: Severe pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is associated with high mortality. Given that cytokine, including Interleukin-6 (IL-6), play a critical role in immune-mediated organ injury in patients with severe COVID-19, we hypothesized that cytokines may also contribute to the pathogenesis of severe pneumonia after allo-HSCT. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-6 in severe pneumonia post-allo-HSCT and explore its underlying mechanism.

Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy for Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease.

Rheumatic heart disease remains common in developing countries. Current guidelines recommend percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) as the preferred treatment for patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS). This study reports the clinical outcomes of PTMC for rheumatic MS in contemporary Chinese patients and analyzes prognostic factors.

Dynamic characterization of circulating tumor DNA in HER2-altered advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with pyrotinib and apatinib: Exploratory biomarker analysis from PATHER2 study.

Background: HER2 mutations are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), affecting 2 %-3 % of patients and often leads to poor prognosis and limited response to conventional therapies. This study investigates the genomic characteristics and prognostic relevance of dynamic circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring in advanced NSCLC patients with HER2 mutations treated with pyrotinib and apatinib.

Methods: The PATHER2 study included 33 advanced NSCLC patients harboring HER2 mutations or amplification, who received combination therapy of pyrotinib and apatinib.

Altered immune surveillance of B and T cells in patients with persistent residual lung abnormalities 12 months after severe COVID-19.

Background: Post-COVID-19 respiratory sequelae often involve lung damage, which is called residual lung abnormalities, and potentially lead to chronic respiratory issues. The adaptive immune response, involving T-cells and B-cells, plays a critical role in pathogen control, inflammation, and tissue repair. However, the link between immune dysregulation and the development of residual lung abnormalities remains unclear.

Relevance of superoxide dismutase type 1 to lipoid pneumonia: the first retrospective case-control study.

Background: Lipoid pneumonia (LP) is a rare disease caused by the accumulation of lipids and lipid-laden macrophages in the alveoli inducing damage. LP is difficult to differentiate from other similar diseases without pathological evidence, such as upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), lung mucinous adenocarcinoma and pulmonary edema. Given the high misdiagnosis rate and limited statistical clinical and treatment data, there is an urgent need for novel indicators of LP.

Factors associated with delayed referrals of patients with sepsis from primary to tertiary healthcare in Blantyre, Malawi: a qualitative study.

Background: Sepsis is defined as invasion of pathogens into the blood stream together with the host response to this invasion. Thus, sepsis consists of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)caused by infection. It is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt detection and early definitive medical intervention.

Individualized transfusion decisions to minimize adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and anemia.

Background: Risk-benefit tradeoffs between restrictive versus liberal red blood cell transfusion strategies may vary across individuals. This exploratory analysis aimed to derive and evaluate individualized treatment effects of defined transfusion strategies in patients with acute MI and anemia with the goal of minimizing adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: This study analyzed 3,447 (98.

Pembrolizumab with or without bevacizumab in platinum-resistant recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and suppresses the anti-tumour immune response. Previous studies have shown that adding anti-VEGF treatment to PD-1 inhibition treatment strategies improves tumour response. We aimed to compare the efficacy of pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, with or without bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Association of pre-surgical circulating tumor DNA detection, use of sublobar resection with risk of recurrence in stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Sublobar resection is increasingly recognized as an effective treatment for early-stage NSCLC. However, no studies to date have investigated the potential role of preoperative ctDNA detection in guiding surgical decisions, such as opting for sublobar resection, in stage I NSCLC.

Methods: Patients with solid-dominant (CTR>0.

Circulating Tumor DNA Detection for Recurrence Monitoring of Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Microwave Ablation.

Purpose: As microwave ablation continues to be used in patients with inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is particularly important to monitor efficacy. Whether plasma ctDNA detection can predict its efficacy should be illustrated.

Methods: We recruited 43 patients with inoperative stage I NSCLC, all of whom underwent biopsy-synchronous microwave ablation (MWA).

Parthenolide improves sepsis-induced coagulopathy by inhibiting mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells through BRD4/BCL-xL pathway.

Background: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory syndrome that can cause coagulation abnormalities, leading to damage in multiple organs. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are crucial in the development of sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC). The role of Parthenolide (PTL) in regulating SIC by protecting VECs remains unclear.

PRDX2 induces tumor immune evasion by modulating the HDAC3-Galectin-9 axis in lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Background: PRDX2 is significantly expressed in various cancers and is associated with the proliferation of tumor cells. Nonetheless, the precise mechanism of PRDX2 in tumor immunity remains incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of PRDX2, which is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, on T cells in the tumor immune microenvironment, and its immune action target to promote the immune escape of lung cancer cells, to provide a theoretical basis for lung adenocarcinoma treatment with PRDX2 as the target.

The epitope of the antibody used in the REAADS VWF activity assay is quaternary.

The REAADS VWF activity assay is often assumed to be specific for the A1 domain, the portion of VWF that binds platelet GPIbα. We tested this assay on the A1A2A3 region of VWF with each domain expressed independently of one another and together in combination as a tri-domain. The monoclonal antibody used in this assay is found to be insensitive to the single A domains and does not recognize free A1 domains as it is often assumed.

Immunogenic dying cells elicit potent anti-tumor T cell immunity against lung metastasis and tumorigenesis.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) are promising, however they do not fit all types of tumor, such as those lack of tumor antigens. Induction of potent anti-tumor T cell immunity is critical for cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of immunotherapy via the immunogenic cell death (ICD) dying tumor cells in mouse models of lung metastasis and tumorigenesis.

Epicardial adipose tissue, cardiac damage, and mortality in patients undergoing TAVR for aortic stenosis.

Computed tomography (CT)-derived Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) is linked to cardiovascular disease outcomes. However, its role in patients undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) and the interplay with aortic stenosis (AS) cardiac damage (CD) remains unexplored. We aim to investigate the relationship between EAT characteristics, AS CD, and all-cause mortality.

A real-world Pharmacovigilance study of brodalumab based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Brodalumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin-17 receptor A, is primarily used to manage moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Although it has demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in clinical trials, the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria may not fully reflect its safety profile in real-world settings. As its use becomes more widespread in clinical practice, understanding its safety in real-world applications is crucial.

Mechanosensation of the heart and gut elicits hypometabolism and vigilance in mice.

Interoception broadly refers to awareness of one's internal milieu. Although the importance of the body-to-brain communication that underlies interoception is implicit, the vagal afferent signalling and corresponding brain circuits that shape perception of the viscera are not entirely clear. Here, we use mice to parse neural circuits subserving interoception of the heart and gut.

Deciphering neutrophil heterogeneity in human blood and tumors: Methods for isolating neutrophils and assessing their effect on T-cell proliferation.

Neutrophils were historically considered a homogenous population of cells with functions limited to innate immunity against external threats. However, with the rise of immunotherapy, recent works have shown that neutrophils are also important actors in immuno-oncology. In this context, neutrophils appear as a more heterogenous population of cells.

Intimal sarcoma of the lower pulmonary vein diagnosed by Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (EBUS-FNA): A case report and comprehensive literature review.

Intimal sarcoma of blood vessels is a rare, aggressive tumor originating from vascular endothelial cells. This report presents a 22-year-old male diagnosed with an intimal sarcoma of the lower pulmonary vein, detailing diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis information. Additionally, this report explores the application application of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (EBUS-FNA) alongside with Rapid Remote Online Evaluation (ROLE) for identifying a mass-like lesion in the pulmonary vein.

Outcomes after medical treatment for primary aldosteronism: an international consensus and analysis of treatment response in an international cohort.

Background: Primary aldosteronism can be treated medically but there is no standardised method to evaluate treatment outcomes. We aimed to develop criteria for assessing the outcomes of targeted medical treatment of primary aldosteronism, analyse outcomes across an international cohort, and identify factors associated with a complete treatment response.

Methods: An international panel of 31 primary aldosteronism experts used the Delphi method to reach consensus on the definition of complete, partial, or absent biochemical and clinical outcomes of medical treatment of primary aldosteronism.

Dynamic non-coding RNA biomarker reveals lung injury and repair induced by polystyrene nanoplastics.

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) are omnipresent in the air and can be inhaled by humans. However, their long-term adverse implications and toxicological mechanisms for human respiratory health are unclear. Therefore, this study aims to provide new insights into the pulmonary toxicity of PS-NPs using mice and organoid models.