The accuracy and adequacy of rapid on-site evaluation conducted by trained pulmonologist on transbronchial needle aspiration samples: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The effective deployment of rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) requires the availability of a cytologist/pathologist. Several studies investigated the capability of trained pulmonologists to assess the adequacy and validity of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) samples. This study aimed to determine the validity and adequacy of ROSE by pulmonologists (P-ROSE).

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition and insulin enhance proliferation and inhibit maturation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes via TCF and FOXO signaling.

Embryonic signaling pathways exert stage-specific effects during cardiac development, yet the precise signals for proliferation or maturation remain elusive. To uncover the cues for proliferation, we performed a combinatory cell-cycle screen for insulin and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition in spontaneously beating human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Our analysis for proliferation, and subsequential downstream sarcomere development, gene expression analysis, and molecular interventions identified a temporal interplay between insulin/Akt/FOXO and CHIR99021/Wnt/GSK3/TCF signaling.

Endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis.

Aims: We set out to assess the utility of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Historically, EMB sensitivity in CS is only ≤25%, but comprehensive analyses of its current diagnostic performance are not available.

Methods And Results: The data of 260 consecutive patients with CS (mean age 49 years, 60% female) meeting the Heart Rhythm Society diagnostic criteria were analysed retrospectively.

Death-associated protein kinase 1 prevents hypoxia-induced metabolic shift and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation in PAH.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a general term used to describe high blood pressure in the lungs from any cause. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, and fatal disease that causes the walls of the pulmonary arteries to tighten and stiffen. One of the major characteristics of PAH is the hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis of vascular cells, which trigger excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction.

Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2024 European Society of Cardiology Congress.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize selected late-breaking science on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention presented at the 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress.

Recent Findings: Key studies from the 2024 ESC Congress highlight advances in (CVD) management. Apolipoprotein A-1 infusions reduced risk in acute myocardial infarction patients with high LDL cholesterol.

Management of Aorto-Right Ventricular Fistulas After TAVR.

This clinical case series reviews the diagnosis and management of aorto-right ventricular fistulas post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement, highlighting 3 cases. We emphasize early detection, individualized treatment strategies, and the role of multidisciplinary heart teams in achieving favorable outcomes. Comprehensive imaging and procedural planning are crucial for successful intervention and management of this rare complication.

"Meet the IUPAB councilor"-Thomas Gutsmann.

As one of the twelve newly elected councillors, it is my pleasure to provide a brief biographical sketch for the readers of Biophys. Rev. and the members of the Biophysical Societies.

Deep phenotyping the right ventricle to establish translational MRI biomarkers for characterization of adaptive and maladaptive states in pulmonary hypertension.

Deep phenotyping the right ventricle (RV) is essential for understanding the mechanisms of adaptive and maladaptive RV responses to pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this study, feature selection coupled with machine learning classification/ranking of specific cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features from cine-MRI, flow-sensitized, and extracellular-volume techniques were used to assess RV remodelling in monocrotaline (MCT) and Sugen hypoxia (SuHx) PH rats. Early physiological changes associated with RV adaptation were detected along with prediction of RV maladaptive outcomes.

Tumor budding and lymphovascular invasion as prognostic factors in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: We aimed to validate the prognostic significance of tumor budding (TB) in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC).

Methods: We analyzed digitized H&E-stained slides from a multicenter cohort of five large university centers consisting of n = 275 cases of p16-positive OPSCC. We evaluated TB along with other histological parameters (morphology, tumor-stroma-ratio, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion) and calculated survival outcomes using both univariate and multivariate analyses.

SOX17-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension in Children: A Distinct Developmental and Clinical Syndrome.

Objective: To characterize clinical, hemodynamic, imaging, and pathologic findings in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and variants in SRY-box transcription factor 17 (SOX17), a novel risk gene linked to heritable and congenital heart disease-associated PAH.

Study Design: We assembled a multi-institutional cohort of children with PAH and SOX17 variants enrolled in the Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network (PPHNet) and other registries. Subjects were identified through exome and PAH gene panel sequencing.

Kidney lipid metabolism: impact on pediatric kidney diseases and modulation by early-life nutrition.

Our review summarizes and evaluates the current state of knowledge on lipid metabolism in relation to the pathomechanisms of kidney disease with a focus on common pediatric kidney diseases. In addition, we discuss how nutrition in early childhood can alter kidney development and permanently shape kidney lipid and protein metabolism, which in turn affects kidney health and disease throughout life. Comprehensive integrated lipidomics and proteomics network analyses are becoming increasingly available and offer exciting new insights into metabolic signatures.

Divergent trends in the incidence and mortality of acute myocardial ischaemic syndrome, especially in women. Evidence from Finland in 1996-2021.

Objective: Although the incidence and case fatality (CF) of acute myocardial ischaemic syndrome (AMIS) have declined in recent decades, some studies have suggested a potential stagnation in this decline. We examined if a similar development in AMIS trends can be observed in Finland from 1996 to 2021 among persons aged 35-74 years.

Methods: We linked Finnish country-wide Hospital Discharge- and Causes of Death- Registers covering the first non-fatal and fatal myocardial ischaemic events (total 69 906 442 person-years at risk).

The David Versus the Bentall Procedure for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection.

: Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening condition which requires prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment. When TAAD involves the aortic root, aortic valve-sparing or Bentall procedures are the main surgical treatment options. The subjects of this analysis were 3735 patients included in the European Registry of Type A Aortic Dissection (ERTAAD).

Case 331: Cardiac Sarcoidosis.

A 43-year-old male patient with no known past medical history presented to the emergency department with new-onset bitemporal headache, dizziness, and bilateral lower extremity weakness for 1 day. The patient denied chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, or recent exposure to sick individuals. He was not on any medications and denied alcohol or illicit drug use.

Physician Preferences in Using Novel Digital Devices for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation-A DAS-CAM III Survey.

Aim: A recent European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) practical guide provides guidance on the use of novel digital devices for heart rhythm analysis using either electrocardiogram (ECG) or photoplethysmography (PPG) technology for the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). This survey assesses physicians' preferences to use digital devices in patients with possible AF and their impact on clinical decision-making.

Methods And Results: Participants of the DAS-CAM III initiated and distributed an online survey assessing physician preferences in using digital devices for the management of AF in different clinical scenarios.

Bone mineral density over ten years after primary parathyroidectomy in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) impairs bone mineral density and causes osteoporosis already in young patients. We aimed to investigate bone mineral density (BMD) in a contemporary cohort of patients with MEN1-related PHPT after long-term follow-up and compare these results with that of healthy controls. Thirty-five patients with genetically confirmed MEN1 were diagnosed with MEN1 at mean age 28.

Lead Integrity and Failure Evaluation in Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing (LIFE-LBBAP) Study.

Background: Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has gained increased adoption globally with the use of both lumenless leads (LLLs) and stylet-driven leads (SDLs). As these leads have been developed for conventional endocardial pacing sites, concerns remain regarding the lead integrity with LBBAP.

Objectives: This study evaluates lead integrity of pacing leads used for LBBAP in a large, real-world cohort of patients with LBBAP.