Perioperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for patients with resectable pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.

Background: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of perioperative PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in stage II-IIIB PLELC patients.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included stage II-IIIB PLELC patients.

Prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume on [F]FDG PET/CT in addition to the TNM classification system of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is commonly based on [F]FDG PET/CT, in particular to exclude distant metastases and guide local therapy approaches like resection and radiotherapy. Although it is hoped that PET/CT will increase the value of primary staging compared to conventional imaging, it is generally limited to the characterization of TNM. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the PET parameter metabolic tumor volume (MTV) above liver background uptake as a prognostic marker in lung cancer.

Outcomes of patients receiving urgent palliative radiotherapy for advanced lung cancer: an observational study.

Background: There is considerable variability in the management of patients with advanced lung cancer referred for palliative radiotherapy owing to uncertainties in prognosis and the benefit of treatment. This study presents the outcomes of patients seen in the Fast Track Lung Clinic, an urgent access palliative radiotherapy clinic, and aims to identify factors associated with treatment response and survival.

Methods: Consecutive patients with advanced lung cancer seen in the Fast Track Lung Clinic between January 2014 and July 2020 were included.

The impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on the clinical efficacy of stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Objective: To explore the impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on the clinical efficacy of stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted on 120 patients with stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC admitted to our hospital during April 2020 to April 2022. The control group received local chemotherapy, while the combination group received neoadjuvant immunotherapy on the basis of chemotherapy.

Real-world status of multimodal treatment of Stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer in Japan: Results from the SOLUTION study, a non-interventional, multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: There is limited consensus on resectability criteria for Stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We examined the patient characteristics, N2 status, treatment decisions, and clinical outcomes according to the treatment modality for Stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC in Japan.

Materials And Methods: Patients with Stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC in Japan were consecutively registered in the SOLUTION study between 2013 and 2014.

CT-assessed sarcopenia and immune-related adverse events in patients with lung cancer: A competing risk time-to-event analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study investigates the relationship between CT-assessed sarcopenia and irAEs in patients with lung cancer who are receiving ICIs.

Methods: Patients were enrolled if they had lung cancer treated with ICIs at the University Medical Center Groningen (2015-2021) and had undergone low-dose CT scans that included the third lumbar vertebral level (L3).

Deciphering the Significance of Platelet-Derived Chloride Ion Channel Gene (BEST3) Through Platelet-Related Subtypes Mining for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

This study investigates platelet-related subtypes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and seeks to identify genes associated with prognosis, focusing on the clinical significance of the chloride ion channel gene BEST3. We utilised sequencing and clinical data from GEO, TCGA and the Xena platform, building a risk model based on genetic features. TCGA and GSE37745 served as training cohorts, while GSE50081, GSE13213, GSE30129 and GSE42127 were validation cohorts.

A patent review of small molecular inhibitors targeting EGFR exon 20 insertion (Ex20ins) (2019-present).

Introduction: Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase domain consistently activate downstream signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK, thereby promoting tumor growth. Although the majority of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutations are sensitive to existing EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), there remains an unmet clinical need for effective therapies targeting EGFR Ex20ins mutations, making direct targeting EGFR Ex20ins mutations a promising therapeutic strategy.

Areas Covered: This review covers the progress of clinical studies targeting EGFR Ex20ins inhibitors and summarizes recent (1 January 2019 - 30 April 2024) patents disclosing EGFR Ex20ins inhibitors available in the Espacenet and CAS SciFinder databases.

The role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) trafficking is regulated by chemokines, which modulate leukocyte migration toward tumors and may collaborate in the efficacy of immunotherapy. In our study, we investigated whether the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays a role in the efficacy of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by analyzing CXCR4 expression for CXCR4 in peripheral blood (PB), and the expression of its ligand CXCL12 in tumor.

Methods: We identified PBMCs expressing CXCR4 using flow cytometry in a prospective cohort of NSCLC patients before starting anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Artificial neural network systems to predict the response to sintilimab in squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer based on data of ORIENT-3 study.

Background: Existing biomarkers and models for predicting response to programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody in advanced squamous-cell non-small cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) did not have enough accuracy. We used data from the ORIENT-3 study to construct artificial neural network (ANN) systems to predict the response to sintilimab for sqNSCLC.

Methods: Four ANN systems based on bulk RNA data to predict disease control (DC), immune DC (iDC), objective response (OR) and immune OR (iOR) were constructed and tested for patients with sqNSCLC treated with sintilimab.

Reduction in integrin a3b1 modulates lung cancer motility and invasion through p70S6K-dependent E-cadherin localization.

In the current study, we investigated the effects and action mechanism of integrin a3b1 in modulating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) growth and progression. Reduced expression of integrin a3 by RNA silencing in p53 wild-type A549 NSCLC cells inhibits cell migration and invasion, compared with those in control cells. These anti-migratory and anti-invasive properties in integrin a3-silenced cells were associated with epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) distribution at cell-cell contacts, and these effects require the activation of p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) as evidenced by treatment with rapamycin.

Lycorine Suppresses Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progression Through Activating STING Pathway and Stimulating an Antitumor Immune Response.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stands as a primary contributor to cancer-related deaths worldwide. It has been demonstrated that Lycorine (LYD), a naturally occurring active sesquiterpene present in Chinese medicinal plants, exhibits anti-cancer properties across various cancer cell lines. However, the underlying mechanisms of LYD-induced anti-tumor in NSCLC are not fully known.

Genetic variants of FER and SULF1 in the fibroblast-related genes are associated with non-small-cell lung cancer survival.

Fibroblasts are important components in the tumor microenvironment and can affect tumor progression and metastasis. However, the roles of genetic variants of the fibroblast-related genes (FRGs) in the prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have not been reported. Therefore, we investigated the associations between 26,544 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 291 FRGs and survival of NSCLC patients from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.

Long-term outcomes of surgical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with oligometastatic disease involving only the brain in the era of PET/CT.

Background: The prognosis of patients with synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been improving owing to advancements in imaging techniques and new treatment approaches such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes, including the clinical course after recurrence, of patients with synchronous oligometastatic NSCLC with only brain metastases, treated with bifocal treatment.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 22 patients with clinical T1-4 and N0-1 NSCLC with synchronous brain metastases who were diagnosed by preoperative PET/CT and brain CT or MRI and underwent pulmonary resection for the primary site and surgery or radiation therapy for brain metastases at our institution from 2005 to 2019.

Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy-a promising strategy for primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.

Objective: Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy has been a promising choice for patients with locally advanced non-small cell cancer (NSCLC). However, whether neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy impacted the subsequent surgical or pathological outcomes of patients with pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) remains relatively unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in PLELC patients.

Pro-survival roles for p21(Cip1/Waf1) in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Quiescence is reversible proliferative arrest. Multiple mechanisms regulate quiescence that are not fully understood. High expression of the CDK inhibitor p21 correlates with a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and, in non-transformed cells, p21 promotes quiescence after replication stress.

Prognostic Value of Adding Blood and Lymphatic Vessel Invasion to the 8th Classification of TNM in Lung Cancer in Stages I and II.

Objectives: Expanding TNM staging system for lung cancer with the addition of new prognostic factors could enhance patient stratification and survival prediction. The goal of this study is to assess if TNM prognosis capacity could be improved by incorporating other pathological characteristics of surgical specimen.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed lung cancer resections, stages I-II, performed between January 1st 2010 and May 1st 2019.

Optimal timing of anti-PD-1 antibody combined with chemotherapy administration in patients with NSCLC.

Background: Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody combined with chemotherapy simultaneously is regarded as the standard treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by current clinical guidelines. Different immune statuses induced by chemotherapy considerably affect the synergistic effects of the chemo-anti-PD-1 combination. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal timing of combination treatment administration.

A GSH-responsive oxidative stress nanoamplifier for self-augmented chemo/chemodynamic therapy to reverse cisplatin resistance.

Drug resistance and off-target toxicity of cisplatin (CDDP) pose significant challenges in effectively treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, chemodynamic therapy (CDT), an emerging reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated tumor-specific therapeutic modality, has shown great potential in sensitizing multidrug resistance tumor cells. Herein, a glutathione (GSH)-responsive Pt(IV) prodrug-based oxidative stress nanoamplifier (CuBSO@Pt) was developed for effective chemo/chemodynamic therapy to reverse CDDP resistance in NSCLC.

An international and multidisciplinary EORTC survey on resectability of stage III non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: The EORTC-Lung Cancer Group initiated a Delphi consensus process to establish a consensual definition of resectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for the use in clinical trials, including a systematic review, survey, and review of clinical cases. Here, the survey results are presented, aimed to identify areas of controversy.

Methods: A survey was distributed among the members of six international organizations related to lung cancer.

A novel clinical brain prognostic index for KRAS-mutated lung cancer and brain metastases (KRAS-BPI): Real-world evidence from two large European centers.

Introduction: Several prognostic scores were developed for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases (BM), though limited data reported for the KRAS-mutated subgroup. KRAS-targeted therapies have improved extracranial and intracranial response, highlighting the need for reliable prognostic biomarkers.

Methods: A retrospective cohort (2010-2020) comprising 220 patients with BM KRAS-mutated NSCLC from two large academic Thoracic Oncology centers (Karolinska and Heidelberg) was analyzed.

Continuing immune checkpoint inhibitors after progression: Real-world patterns of care and outcomes in second-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. In the currentera of immunotherapy, the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the second-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) who have progressed to initial chemoimmunotherapy remains unclear.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study were conducted, involving patients with ES-SCLC who received second-line (2L) therapy after progression to first-line chemoimmunotherapy.

Time Toxicity of Systemic Anticancer Therapy for Metastatic Lung Cancer in Routine Clinical Practice: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Purpose: The concept of time toxicity of cancer treatment, defined as proportion of days from physical contact with the health care system, has been suggested as simple, patient-centered measure useful for shared decision making, particularly in incurable cancer. We investigated the extent of health care contacts in clinical practice in Danish patients with stage IV lung cancer starting first-line systemic anticancer therapies.

Methods: This is a nationwide cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with stage IV lung cancer in Denmark who initiated treatment during 2019-2021 and followed for up to 1 year.

Impact of the distance of spread through air spaces in non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Spread through air spaces (STAS) is considered a poor prognostic factor in patients with resected non-small lung cell cancer (NSCLC); however, the clinical significance of STAS extent remains unclear. We hypothesized that the further the tumour cells spread from the tumour edge, the worse the prognosis becomes.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the data of 642 patients with completely resected pathological stage I to III NSCLC between 2008 and 2018.