Lung long distance: histopathological changes in lung tissue after COVID-19 pneumonia.

Aim: To investigate histopathological changes in the lung tissue of long-COVID patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, transbronchial lung biopsy was performed in long-COVID patients with persisting symptoms and radiological abnormalities. Histopathologic analyses were performed by using hematoxylin-eosin, Martius, Scarlet and Blue, Movat's, thyroid transcription factor 1, CD34, and CD68 staining.

Rhizopogon luteolus and Ganoderma adspersum Extracts Inhibit Invasion through the Crosstalk between Anti-oxidant Activity and Apoptosis Induced by pAKT/Rb.

Objective: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Protein kinase B (AKT) protein is associated with many pathways in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Mushrooms have a long history of being used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases.

Pneumocephalus and Pneumorrhachis Following Titanium Rib Implant: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis are rare postoperative complications, commonly occurring within a few days to months after spinal surgery. They are very rarely reported after thoracic surgeries. This case highlights a unique presentation in the emergency department involving headache and vomiting caused by late complications following thoracic surgery with a titanium rib implant.

HDL-associated vitamin D binding protein levels are inversely associated with necrotic plaque burden in psoriasis.

Background And Aims: Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) serves a dual function as a vitamin D carrier and actin scavenger. Free DBP is present in high concentrations in serum, while a smaller pool is bound to lipoproteins like HDL and VLDL. The role of DBP's interaction with lipoproteins remains unclear.

Experiences of Oral Corticosteroid Use and Adverse Effects: A National Cross-Sectional Survey of People with Asthma.

Purpose: Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are an effective treatment for severe uncontrolled asthma or asthma exacerbations, but frequent bursts or long-term use carry serious and sometimes irreversible adverse effects, or complications such as adrenal insufficiency upon discontinuation. Our aim was to survey people with asthma on their experiences of, and attitudes towards, using OCS.

Patients And Methods: This study was a national descriptive cross-sectional survey of people with asthma in Australia.

Preventive Lipid-Lowering Therapy and Interactions With Health Care in Patients Who Develop Premature Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Rates of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) are stagnant, and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in young and middle-aged adults is increasing. Lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) is effective in preventing CAD but is underutilized in younger patients. The reasons for and consequences of this underutilization are not fully understood.

The unexpected PD-L1 suppression function of celery-derived extracellular vesicles improves lung cancer chemotherapy efficacy.

The article explores celery-derived extracellular vesicles (CDEVs), characterized by high cellular uptake, low immunogenicity, and high stability, as a therapeutic strategy for antitumor nanomedicines. The methods employed in this study include cell experiments such as co-culture, Western Blot, and flow cytometry. experiments were conducted in C57BL/6 tumor-bearing mice subcutaneously injected with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells.

Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii lung abscess and empyema in a patient with fulminant mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen that typically causes nosocomial infections. Its resistance to multiple antibiotics poses significant challenges for treatment. Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (FMPP) is relatively rare despite Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is common among children and young adults.

TRIF-TAK1 signaling suppresses caspase-8/3-mediated GSDMD/E activation and pyroptosis in influenza A virus-infected airway epithelial cells.

Pyroptosis plays an important role in attracting innate immune cells to eliminate infected niches. Our study focuses on how influenza A virus (IAV) infection triggers pyroptosis in respiratory epithelial cells. Here, we report that IAV infection induces pyroptosis in a human and murine airway epithelial cell line.

Cell-membrane targeting sonodynamic therapy combination with FSP1 inhibition for ferroptosis-boosted immunotherapy.

Cell membrane targeting sonodynamic therapy could induce the accumulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), drive ferroptosis, and further enhances immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects. However, ferroptosis is restrained by the ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) at the plasma membrane, which can catalyze the regeneration of ubiquinone (CoQ10) by using NAD(P)H to suppress the LPO accumulation. This work describes the construction of US-active nanoparticles (TiF NPs), which combinate cell-membrane targeting sonosensitizer TBT-CQi with FSP1 inhibitor (iFSP1), facilitating cell-membrane targeting sonodynamic-triggered ferroptosis.

A Structured, Anatomy-Based Chest CT Interpretation Curriculum for Pulmonary Fellows Covering the Main Patterns of Parenchymal Lung Disease.

Introduction: Chest computed tomography (CT) interpretation is a key competency for pulmonary fellows, with many resources intended for radiologists but very few for this specific group. We endeavored to create a curriculum to teach chest CT interpretation to first-year pulmonary fellows.

Methods: We assembled a team of two pulmonologists, one radiologist, and a fellow with computer drafting software experience.

Potential of spectral imaging generated by contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT for lung cancer histopathological classification - A preliminary study.

Purpose: The potential of spectral images, particularly electron density and effective Z-images, generated by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), for the histopathologic classification of lung cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to explore which imaging factors could better reflect the histopathological status of lung cancer.

Method: The data of 31 patients who underwent rapid kV-switching DECT and subsequently underwent surgery for lung cancer were analyzed.

Remote monitoring of patients with COPD disease using a tablet system: a randomised crossover study of quality-of-life measurements.

Background: Remote patient monitoring (RPM) has been evaluated in COPD, but with varying results. We aimed to evaluate whether a tablet system that monitors disease-related parameters in patients with COPD could influence physical and mental health-related quality of life, compared with usual care (UC).

Methods: 70 patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) group D COPD (61% women, aged 71±8 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted 41±13%, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) 19±7 points) were recruited at the COPD centre in Gothenburg, Sweden, and randomised to a tablet-based RPM system or UC for a 26-week period, after which they crossed over to the alternative management for another 26 weeks.

Reversal of inflammatory reprogramming by vasodilator agents in pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly disease without effective non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic testing. It remains unclear whether vasodilators reverse inflammatory activation, a part of PAH pathogenesis. Single-cell profiling of inflammatory cells in blood could clarify these PAH mechanisms.

Impact of ultrasound settings on lung vertical artefacts: an observational study in mechanically ventilated patients.

Introduction: The number of vertical artefacts (VAs) in lung ultrasound (LUS) impacts patients' clinical management. This study aimed to demonstrate the influence of ultrasound settings on the number of VAs in patients under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Methods: Patients under IMV were recruited for LUS, including three breathing cycles with a motionless curvilinear probe on the thoracic region with the most VAs.

Impact of environmental exposures on exhaled breath and lung function: NELA Birth Cohort.

Introduction: Exposure to environmental factors ( air pollution and second-hand tobacco smoke) have been associated with impaired lung function. However, the impact of environmental factors on lung health is usually evaluated separately and not with an exposomic framework. In this regard, breath analysis could be a noninvasive tool for biomonitoring of global human environmental exposure.

Therapeutic doses of efzofitimod demonstrate efficacy in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Background: In a phase 1b/2a clinical trial of efzofitimod in patients with corticosteroid-requiring pulmonary sarcoidosis, treatment resulted in dose-dependent improvement in key end-points. We undertook a analysis pooling dose arms that achieved therapeutic concentrations of efzofitimod (Therapeutic group) those that did not (Subtherapeutic group).

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated with tuberculin-coated beads were exposed to varying concentrations of efzofitimod in an assay to determine concentrations that inhibited granuloma formation.

The impact of highly effective modulator therapy on sinusitis and dysosmia in young children with cystic fibrosis: a prospective study protocol.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and olfactory dysfunction (OD) are prevalent disease complications in people with cystic fibrosis. These understudied comorbidities significantly impact quality of life. The impact of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) in young children with cystic fibrosis (YCwCF) on these disease complications is unknown.

Clinical improvements after endoscopic lung volume reduction with valves in patients with advanced emphysema and a 6-min walk test ≤140 m at baseline.

Background: Data regarding the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic lung volume reduction with valves (ELVR) in emphysema patients with a very low 6-min walk test (6MWT) are limited. Patients with severe emphysema and very low exercise capacity, as indicated by a 6MWT ≤140 m, are often excluded from clinical studies on ELVR, assuming limited therapeutic benefits and increased complication risk.

Study Designs And Methods: This study utilised data from the Lungenemphysemregister e.

Inhaled alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) restores lower respiratory tract protease-antiprotease homoeostasis and reduces inflammation in AAT-deficient individuals: a randomised phase 2 study.

Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT)-deficient individuals have a greater risk for developing COPD than individuals with normal AAT levels.

Methods: This was a double-blind, randomised, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial to examine the safety and tolerability of "Kamada-AAT for Inhalation" (inhaled AAT) in subjects with AAT deficiency, and to explore its effect on AAT and biomarkers in the lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF). 36 patients with severe AAT deficiency were randomised 2:1 to receive 80 mg or 160 mg inhaled AAT or placebo once daily for 12 weeks.

Association between impaired diffusion capacity and small airway dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Small airway dysfunction (SAD) and impaired diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide ( ) are positively associated with a worse prognosis. Individuals with both dysfunctions have been identified in clinical practice and it is unknown whether they have worse health status or need management. We conducted this study to explore the association between SAD and impaired , and the difference between the groups with two dysfunctions, with either one dysfunction and with no dysfunction.

Conventional and regionally distinctive risk factors for first-onset myocardial infarction: the Bangladesh Risk of Acute Vascular Events (BRAVE) case-control study.

Background: South Asians may be particularly susceptible to premature myocardial infarction (MI) owing both to conventional cardiovascular risk factors and practices distinctive to South Asia. Identifying modifiable risk factors for MI in these populations could inform prevention strategies. We have, therefore, studied conventional risk factors and other characteristics in relation to occurrence of first MI in Bangladesh.

The pathogenesis and management of heatstroke and heatstroke-induced lung injury.

In the past two decades, record-breaking heat waves have caused an increasing number of heat-related deaths, including heatstroke, globally. Heatstroke is a life-threatening systemic condition characterized by a core body temperature >40°C and the subsequent development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Lung injury is a well-documented complication of heatstroke and is usually the secondary cause of patient death.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced active telocyte exosomes alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular barrier disruption and acute lung injury via the activation of the miRNA-146a-5p/caspase-3 signaling pathway in endothelial cells.

Background: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis of lung microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) is the main reason of lung edema and acute lung injury (ALI) in septic conditions. Telocytes (TCs) are a distinct type of interstitial cells found around the lung microvasculature, which may protect ECs through the release of shed vesicles. However, whether TCs protect against LPS-induced EC apoptosis and ALI has not been determined.