792 results match your criteria: "Lunds universitet.[Affiliation]"

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

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Background: Prostate cancer therapy with surgical or chemical castration with GnRH agonists has been linked to elevated FSH levels, which may contribute to secondary health disorders, including atherosclerosis and diabetes. Although recent findings suggest a role for FSH beyond the reproductive system, its metabolic impact remains unclear and difficult to disentangle from that of androgens. In this study, we examined the metabolic changes induced by FSH and distinguished them from those caused by testosterone.

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Neuropathological features of cerebrovascular diseases.

Pathology

November 2024

Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lunds Universitet, Klinisk Patologi & Medicinsk Service, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.

Optimal blood flow through a patent cerebral circulation is critical for supply of oxygen and nutrients for brain function. The integrity of vascular elements within arterial vessels of any calibre can be compromised by various disease processes. Pathological changes in the walls of veins and the venous system may also alter the dynamics of cerebral perfusion.

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[Unequal access to safe cesarean section - threat to global maternal health care].

Lakartidningen

November 2024

docent, specialistläkare, obstetrik och gynekologi, institutionen för global folkhälsa, Karolinska institutet; institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Uppsala universitet.

Despite evidence that cesarean section rates above 10 percent at the population level do not reduce maternal or neonatal mortality, global rates continue to rise and are projected to reach 30 percent by 2030. The factors behind this increase are complex and vary across contexts, emphasizing the need for a local understanding in order to design and implement effective interventions to curb overuse. In contrast to many other high-income countries, Nordic countries exemplify how robust obstetric practices, midwifery led care and evidence-based guidelines can achieve excellent outcomes while maintaining low cesarean section rates.

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A search for the exclusive hadronic decays W^{±}→π^{±}γ, W^{±}→K^{±}γ, and W^{±}→ρ^{±}γ is performed using up to 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV. If observed, these rare processes would provide a unique test bench for the quantum chromodynamics factorization formalism used to calculate cross sections at colliders. Additionally, at future colliders, these decays could offer a new way to measure the W boson mass through fully reconstructed decay products.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The ATLAS experiment at the LHC conducted a search for long-lived particles (LLPs) using a large dataset (140 fb^{-1}) from proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV, focusing on LLPs with masses from 5 to 55 GeV that decay within the inner detector.
  • - The study considered scenarios where LLPs are produced from exotic Higgs boson decays and models involving axionlike particles (ALPs).
  • - No significant findings above expected background levels were detected, leading to the establishment of upper limits on various production rates involving the Higgs boson and the top quark related to LLPs and ALPs.
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  • The study investigates the role of the mitochondrial protein NNT in obesity-related metabolic issues, using a specific mouse model lacking NNT genetic material.
  • Unlike previous studies, this research utilized a high-fat diet (45% calories from fat) that better represents typical fat-rich diets compared to the usual 60%.
  • Results show that mice without NNT gained less weight on a high-fat diet but had poorer glucose tolerance, while also revealing an increase in brown adipose tissue mass and inflammatory markers in the hypothalamus associated with diet-induced inflammation.
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[Results of recent patient safety work in the surgical disciplines].

Lakartidningen

October 2024

docent, chefläkare, Region Jönköpings län; Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Högskolan i Jönköping.

Swedish surgical care shows high quality and patient safety. The reasons for this are several; among the most important are a generally well-educated staff and nation-wide quality registers. Areas in need of development are improved risk assessment and risk management, both for individual patients and for specific types of operations.

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[Delivery care in Sweden is safe: but there are challenges concerning teamwork and communication].

Lakartidningen

October 2024

professor, klinisk epidemiologi, institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund, Lunds universitet.

Article Synopsis
  • Delivery care in Sweden is highly safe, with low rates of maternal (5/100,000) and perinatal deaths (<2/100,000), and improvements in perinatal and obstetric injury rates have been noted.
  • A national initiative launched in 2007 involved all delivery clinics to enhance safety for newborns, which included the development of protocols and training to improve teamwork and communication.
  • The Swedish Pregnancy Register provides valuable data for clinics to evaluate and improve their services, but challenges remain in critical situations, highlighting the need for better support systems and focus on psychological safety.
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  • The study investigates the associated production of Higgs and W bosons, focusing on how the relative signs of the Higgs couplings to W and Z bosons impact the process.
  • Two specific searches were conducted using large amounts of collision data from the LHC to analyze different coupling scenarios: one for opposite-sign couplings and another for same-sign (standard model-like) couplings.
  • The results significantly exclude the opposite-sign coupling hypothesis and set a strict upper limit on the production rate of this process compared to standard model predictions.
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  • "The diabetic hand" refers to various complications in the hand due to diabetes, leading to symptoms like restricted movement, numbness, and pain.
  • Common conditions linked to this issue include trigger finger, Dupuytren's disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve entrapment, and osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint.
  • This overview seeks to raise awareness among healthcare professionals about the often-overlooked complications of the diabetic hand to improve patient care.
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  • Individuals with Down syndrome have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease earlier than others.
  • Improved diagnostic methods, like cognitive tests and PET imaging, can help distinguish between dementia and intellectual disabilities in those with Down syndrome.
  • In Sweden, the SveDem registry now includes Alzheimer's diagnosis for individuals with Down syndrome, creating a national database for their specific needs.
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This Letter presents results from a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair production using 126-140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. At 95% confidence level (CL), the upper limit on the production rate is 2.9 times the standard model (SM) prediction, with an expected limit of 2.

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This Letter presents the first study of the energy dependence of diboson polarization fractions in WZ→ℓνℓ^{'}ℓ^{'}(ℓ,ℓ^{'}=e,μ) production. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector. Two fiducial regions with an enhanced presence of events featuring two longitudinally polarized bosons are defined.

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A Population-Based Multigenerational Family Coaggregation Study of Severe Infections and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Biol Psychiatry

September 2024

Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden.

Background: Postinfectious autoimmune processes have been proposed as potential causal risk factors for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this large population-based study, we aimed to clarify the familial coaggregation pattern between severe infections and OCD across clusters of relatives with varying degrees of relatedness.

Methods: We identified 4,916,898 individuals born in Sweden between 1960 and 2008 and followed them until the end of 2020.

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Background: Access to sample-level metadata is important when selecting public metagenomic sequencing datasets for reuse in new biological analyses. The Standards, Precautions, and Advances in Ancient Metagenomics community (SPAAM, https://spaam-community.org) has previously published AncientMetagenomeDir, a collection of curated and standardised sample metadata tables for metagenomic and microbial genome datasets generated from ancient samples.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers used varied experimental searches with and without missing transverse momentum to analyze a Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) augmented by a pseudo-scalar that mediates interactions between ordinary and dark matter.
  • The analysis utilized data from proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018, totaling up to 139 fb.
  • Three key searches were statistically combined, focusing on large missing transverse momentum along with decaying Z bosons, Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quarks, and charged Higgs bosons interacting with top and bottom quarks, to derive constraints for various benchmark scenarios in the 2HDM+a
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[Not Available].

Lakartidningen

August 2024

med dr, docent, överläkare, VO hematologi, onkologi och strålningsfysik, Skånes universitetssjukhus Lund; institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, medicins-ka fakulteten, Lunds universitet.

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In Sweden 1600 patients/year survive cardiac arrest (30-day survival). Post-resuscitation care is complex and aims to stabilize organ function with focus on preventing secondary brain injury. In 2021 The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) published joint guidelines on post-resuscitation care.

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It is generally recommended to refrain from taking rectal biopsies in radioproctopathy. Herein we describe the clinical characteristics of urorectal fistulas after such biopsies in five patients. Conservative treatment is rarely successful.

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Statistical combinations of searches for charginos and neutralinos using various decay channels are performed using 139  fb^{-1} of pp collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Searches targeting pure-wino chargino pair production, pure-wino chargino-neutralino production, or Higgsino production decaying via standard model W, Z, or h bosons are combined to extend the mass reach to the produced supersymmetric particles by 30-100 GeV. The depth of the sensitivity of the original searches is also improved by the combinations, lowering the 95% C.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The measurements utilized both semileptonic and hadronic decays of top quarks, along with events focused on single top quark production in the electroweak t channel.
  • * The combined result for the top quark mass is 172.52 GeV, with a reduced total uncertainty of 0.33 GeV, showcasing an improvement of 31% over previous measurements.
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[Not Available].

Ugeskr Laeger

June 2024

Institutionen för Translationell Medicin, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, Sverige.

A correct diagnosis and treatment of fingertip- and nail injuries, commonly seen in the emergency room, is crucial. Insufficient treatment can result in long-term complications, including finger dysfunction and dysaesthesia, nail deformity, infection, or pain. These remaining problems may induce severe impairment of the quality of life of the patient.

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