661 results match your criteria: "Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor UCLA Medical Center[Affiliation]"

Candida albicans catheter-related candidemia is largely driven by microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on central venous catheters. Cells that disperse from these biofilms can enter the bloodstream, spread to distant organs, and sustain the cycle of infection. In this study, we investigated the virulence potential of C.

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Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is an innovative mechanism used for imaging and provides higher spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity in comparison with the orthodox energy-integrating detectors (EIDs). Unlike EID-based CT systems, which indirectly convert X-ray photons to electrical signals, PCCT directly counts and quantifies each photon's energy, enhancing image quality and material separation. With all of these features, PCCT is especially useful for cardiovascular imaging, where it is essential to precisely observe cardiac tissues, vascular structures, and coronary arteries.

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Article Synopsis
  • Accelerated decline in lung function is linked to chronic respiratory diseases, and while genetics play a role, few genetic connections have been found.
  • This study aimed to investigate genetic variants associated with lung function decline using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) across diverse populations in multiple cohorts.
  • They identified 361 significant genetic variants potentially related to lung function declines, with some replicated in additional cohorts, indicating strong genetic influences on respiratory health.
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The optimal management of patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE), who have right heart dysfunction (determined by a combination of imaging and cardiac biomarkers) but a normal blood pressure, is uncertain. These patients suffer from reduced functional capacity and a lower quality of life over the long-term, despite use of anticoagulant therapy. Catheter-directed therapy (CDT) is a promising treatment for acute PE that rapidly removes thrombus and potentially improves cardiac dysfunction.

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Importance: Metals are established neurotoxicants, but evidence of their association with cognitive performance at low chronic exposure levels is limited.

Objective: To investigate the association of urinary metal levels, individually and as a mixture, with cognitive tests and dementia diagnosis, including effect modification by apolipoprotein ε4 allele (APOE4).

Design, Setting, And Participants: The multicenter prospective cohort Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) was started from July 2000 to August 2002, with follow-up through 2018.

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DNA Methylation Signatures of Cardiovascular Health Provide Insights into Diseases.

medRxiv

November 2024

Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA.

Background: The association of overall cardiovascular health (CVH) with changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) has not been well characterized.

Methods: We calculated the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score to reflect CVH in five cohorts with diverse ancestry backgrounds. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) for LE8 score were conducted, followed by bioinformatic analyses.

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Carbohydrate (CHO) gels are a staple among endurance athletes. When ingested during competition, CHO gels can improve endurance performance by acting as an external energy substrate, sparing endogenous glycogen, mitigating the risk of hypoglycemia, and engaging the central nervous system via receptors in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. However, published studies and a growing number of anecdotal reports have raised concerns about possible energy and macronutrient deficiencies in several products.

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Article Synopsis
  • * This study is the first large-scale analysis examining the relationship between EDS and genetic variations related to OSA severity, using data from over 11,500 samples across diverse populations.
  • * Researchers identified 16 genetic targets linked to EDS and OSA, with eight being new discoveries, and discussed potential therapeutic implications involving insulin resistance and nutritional factors for patients with OSA and EDS.
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A fundamental and theoretical framework for mutation interactions and epistasis.

Genomics

November 2024

Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; Heligenics Inc., 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA. Electronic address:

Many pathological conditions are a result of intragenic epistasis; however, there are ambiguities in current epistasis models. Herein, the new Mutation Interaction Spectrum model defines a discrete outcome, named a Mutation Interaction, for each double point mutation in a gene and its component single mutations. The model is a universal genetic model of all types of mutation interactions and their functional outcomes and is derived from digital logic, commonly used in electrical engineering.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers studied plasma proteomic profiles linked to subclinical mutations in blood cells, particularly focusing on clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and its connection to various health outcomes, including coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • The study involved a large, diverse group of participants and identified a significant number of unique proteins associated with key driver genes, showing differences based on genetics, sex, and race.
  • Methods like Mendelian randomization and mouse model tests helped clarify the causal effects of these proteins, revealing shared plasma proteins between CHIP and CAD that could inform future clinical insights.
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Intrinsic versus extrinsic contribution to intraindividual sweat rate variability of individual eccrine glands.

Auton Neurosci

December 2024

School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America; Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America.

The purpose of the current study was twofold. First, to determine the intraindividual variability of sweat rate per gland for a given skin location during exercise in the heat. Second, to determine the relative importance of intrinsic vs.

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Proteome-wide association studies for blood lipids and comparison with transcriptome-wide association studies.

HGG Adv

November 2024

Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address:

Blood lipid traits are treatable and heritable risk factors for heart disease, a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have discovered hundreds of variants associated with lipids in humans, most of the causal mechanisms of lipids remain unknown. To better understand the biological processes underlying lipid metabolism, we investigated the associations of plasma protein levels with total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in blood.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study explored how different biological factors (like proteins and metabolites) can help identify distinct groups of people with obesity who have varying risks for heart and metabolic diseases.
  • Using data from 243 participants, researchers found two groups: one (iCluster1) with favorable cholesterol levels and another (iCluster2) with higher BMI and inflammation levels.
  • The findings suggest these groups could reflect different stages of obesity-related issues, potentially influenced by factors like diet and behavior, despite similar ages across the groups.
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Epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of toxicant exposure-specific non-coding RNA in sperm.

Environ Epigenet

September 2024

Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, United States.

Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic variation and disease susceptibility requires the germ cell (sperm or egg) transmission of integrated epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) actions. Previous studies have demonstrated that transgenerational exposure and disease-specific differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) in sperm are observed and that ncRNA-mediated DNA methylation occurs. The current study was designed to determine if transgenerational exposure-specific ncRNAs exist in sperm.

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Background: Long COVID patients present with a myriad of symptoms that can include fatigue, exercise intolerance and post exertional malaise (PEM). Long COVID has been compared to other post viral syndromes, including myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), where a reduction in day 2 cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) performance of a two-day CPET protocol is suggested to be a result of PEM. We investigated cardiopulmonary and perceptual responses to a two-day CPET protocol in Long COVID patients.

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Genetics of Latin American Diversity Project: Insights into population genetics and association studies in admixed groups in the Americas.

Cell Genom

November 2024

Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Health Equity and Population Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Personalized Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Latin Americans are often overlooked in genetic studies, which can widen gaps in personalized medicine due to the challenges of accessing genetic data and consent processes.
  • The Genetics of Latin American Diversity (GLAD) Project compiles genetic information from over 53,000 individuals across various regions to explore diverse ancestry and gene flow in the Americas.
  • GLAD includes a tool called GLAD-match to align external genetic samples with its database while protecting individual privacy, thus supporting more inclusive genomic research and enhancing personalized medicine for Latin Americans.
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The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been identified as an epithelial cell receptor for Mucorales fungi and . Blocking EGFR with small molecule inhibitors reduces disease severity in mouse models of mucormycosis and oropharyngeal candidiasis. In contrast, cases of invasive aspergillosis have been reported in cancer patients who were treated with EGFR inhibitors, suggesting that EGFR signaling may play a protective role in the host defense against this infection.

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Association analysis between an epigenetic alcohol risk score and blood pressure.

Clin Epigenetics

October 2024

Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt. Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the link between an epigenetic risk score (ERS) related to alcohol consumption and blood pressure traits, finding significant associations between higher ERS and increased blood pressure levels among participants.
  • In the analysis of 3,898 individuals from the Framingham Heart Study, each unit increase in the ERS correlated with a rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by almost 2 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by about 0.68 mm Hg.
  • The research suggests that the ERS could serve as a useful tool for assessing cardiovascular risks linked to alcohol consumption, especially in cases where self-reported data may be unreliable.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators show relationships with shortness of breath, exercise intolerance and health related quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), a comprehensive education and exercise training programme, is the most effective therapy for COPD and is associated with reduced exacerbation and hospitalization rates and increased survival.

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A common missense variant in among African American individuals (rs5491; pK56M) has been associated with risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the pathways that lead to HFpEF among those with this variant are not clear. In this analysis of 92 circulating proteins and their associated networks, we identified 7 circulating inflammatory proteins associated with rs5491 among >600 African American individuals. Using weighted coexpression network analysis, 3 protein networks were identified, one of which was associated with rs5491.

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Article Synopsis
  • Subcortical brain structures play a crucial role in various developmental and psychiatric disorders, and a study analyzed brain volumes in 74,898 individuals, identifying 254 genetic loci linked to these volumes, which accounted for up to 35% of variation.
  • The research included exploring gene expression in specific neural cell types, focusing on genes involved in intracellular signaling and processes related to brain aging.
  • The findings suggest that certain genetic variants not only influence brain volume but also have potential causal links to conditions like Parkinson’s disease and ADHD, highlighting the genetic basis for risks associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Sensory neurons sense pathogenic infiltration to drive innate immune responses, but their role in humoral immunity is unclear. Here, using mouse models of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and Alternaria alternata asthma, we show that sensory neurons are required for B cell recruitment and antibody production. In response to S.

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Reply to Tang : Does "PRISm Grade" Really Make Sense?

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

December 2024

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.

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