Tertiary lymphoid structures in high-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinoma: anatomical site matters.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the tumor microenvironment are prognostically beneficial in many solid cancer types. Reports on TLS in high-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) are few, and the prognostic impact is unclear. We investigated mature TLS (mTLS), immature TLS (iTLS) and lymphoid aggregates (LA) in primary adnexal tumors (PTs) and synchronous omental/peritoneal metastases (pMets) of HGSC.

Cancer cells impair monocyte-mediated T cell stimulation to evade immunity.

The tumour microenvironment is programmed by cancer cells and substantially influences anti-tumour immune responses. Within the tumour microenvironment, CD8 T cells undergo full effector differentiation and acquire cytotoxic anti-tumour functions in specialized niches. Although interactions with type 1 conventional dendritic cells have been implicated in this process, the underlying cellular players and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Targeting IGF-IR improves neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancers with low IGFBP7 expression.

There has been a long-standing interest in targeting the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling system in breast cancer due to its key role in neoplastic proliferation and survival. However, no IGF-1R targeting agent has shown substantial clinical benefit in controlled phase 3 trials, and no biomarker has been shown to have clinical utility in the prediction of benefit from an IGF-1R targeting agent. IGFBP7 is an atypical insulin-like growth factor binding protein as it has a higher affinity for the IGF-1R than IGF ligands.

Assessing Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Impact on Early Cancer Detection: Insights from Consecutive Screening.

Background Analysis of how digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening affects consecutive screening performance is important to estimate its future value in screening. Purpose To evaluate whether DBT contributes to early detection of breast cancer by assessing cancer detection rates (CDRs), including the fraction of invasive cancers and cancer subtypes in consecutive routine digital mammography (DM). Materials and Methods The paired prospective Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST) was performed between January 2010 and February 2015.

is a lineage-specific gene and a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma is a childhood developmental cancer; however, its embryonic origins remain poorly understood. Moreover, in-depth studies of early tumor-driving events are limited because of the lack of appropriate models. Herein, we analyzed RNA sequencing data obtained from human neuroblastoma samples and found that loss of expression of trunk neural crest-enriched gene associates with advanced disease and worse outcome.

Molecular patterns of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcome for patients with metastatic melanoma but not all benefit from treatment. Several immune- and tumor intrinsic features are associated with clinical response at baseline. However, we need to further understand the molecular changes occurring during development of ICB resistance.

Polydopamine functionalized dendritic fibrous silica nanoparticles as a generic platform for nucleic acid-based biosensing.

Accurate and rapid detection of nucleic acid sequences is of utmost importance in various fields, including disease monitoring, clinical treatment, gene analysis and drug discovery. In this study, we developed a "turn-on" fluorescence biosensor that enables simple and highly efficient detection of nucleic acid biomarkers. Our approach involves the utilization of 6-carboxyfluorescein modified single-stranded DNA (FAM-ssDNA) as molecular recognition element, along with polydopamine-functionalized dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS).

Drug-resilient Cancer Cell Phenotype Is Acquired via Polyploidization Associated with Early Stress Response Coupled to HIF2α Transcriptional Regulation.

Unlabelled: Therapeutic resistance and recurrence remain core challenges in cancer therapy. How therapy resistance arises is currently not fully understood with tumors surviving via multiple alternative routes. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of cancer cells survives therapeutic stress by entering a transient state characterized by whole-genome doubling.

Digital PCR quantification of ultrahigh ERBB2 copy number identifies poor breast cancer survival after trastuzumab.

HER2/ERBB2 evaluation is necessary for treatment decision-making in breast cancer (BC), however current methods have limitations and considerable variability exists. DNA copy number (CN) evaluation by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has complementary advantages for HER2/ERBB2 diagnostics. In this study, we developed a single-reaction multiplex ddPCR assay for determination of ERBB2 CN in reference to two control regions, CEP17 and a copy-number-stable region of chr.

Preoperative ctDNA Levels Are Associated With Poor Overall Survival in Patients With Ovarian Cancer.

Background/aim: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which is shed from cancer cells into the bloodstream, offers a potential minimally invasive approach for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. This research aimed to assess the preoperative ctDNA levels in ovarian tumors patients' plasma and establish correlations with clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis.

Patients And Methods: Tumor DNA was extracted from ovarian tumor tissue from 41 patients.

Obesity-associated changes in molecular biology of primary breast cancer.

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer (BC) and worse prognosis in BC patients, yet its impact on BC biology remains understudied in humans. This study investigates how the biology of untreated primary BC differs according to patients' body mass index (BMI) using data from >2,000 patients. We identify several genomic alterations that are differentially prevalent in overweight or obese patients compared to lean patients.

Cytoplasmic HIF-2α as tissue biomarker to identify metastatic sympathetic paraganglioma.

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors. PGLs can further be divided into sympathetic (sPGLs) and head-and-neck (HN-PGLs). There are virtually no treatment options, and no cure, for metastatic PCCs and PGLs (PPGLs).

CITED1 as a marker of favourable outcome in anti-endocrine treated, estrogen-receptor positive, lymph-node negative breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate CITED1 as a potential biomarker of anti-endocrine response and breast cancer recurrence, given its previously determined role in mediating estrogen-dependant transcription. The study is a continuation of earlier work establishing the role of CITED1 in mammary gland development.

Results: CITED1 mRNA is associated with estrogen-receptor positivity and selectively expressed in the GOBO dataset of cell lines and tumours representing the luminal-molecular subtype.

The Concept of Cancer Stem Cells: Elaborating on ALDH1B1 as an Emerging Marker of Cancer Progression.

Cancer is a multifactorial, complex disease exhibiting extraordinary phenotypic plasticity and diversity. One of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment is intratumoral heterogeneity, which obstructs the efficient eradication of the tumor. Tumor heterogeneity is often associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cancer cell sub-population possessing a panel of stem-like properties, such as a self-renewal ability and multipotency potential.

Clinical associations of ESR2 (estrogen receptor beta) expression across thousands of primary breast tumors.

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, encoded by ESR1) is a well-characterized transcription factor expressed in more than 75% of breast tumors and is the key biomarker to direct endocrine therapies. On the other hand, much less is known about estrogen receptor beta (ERβ, encoded by ESR2) and its importance in cancer. Previous studies had some disagreement, however most reports suggested a more favorable prognosis for patients with high ESR2 expression.

Breast cancer hypoxia in relation to prognosis and benefit from radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in a large, randomised trial with long-term follow-up.

Background: Breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy is part of standard treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Hypoxia is common in cancer and may affect the benefit of radiotherapy. Cells adapt to hypoxic stress largely via the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α.

Interval breast cancer is associated with interferon immune response.

Background: The aggressive nature of breast cancers detected between planned mammographic screens, so-called interval cancers, remains elusive. Here, we aim to characterise underlying molecular features of interval cancer.

Methods: From 672 patients with invasive breast cancer, we analysed gene expression differences between 90 'true' interval cancer cases (i.