Blood-brain barrier breakdown in brain ischemia: Insights from MRI perfusion imaging.

Brain ischemia is a major cause of neurological dysfunction and mortality worldwide. It occurs not only acutely, such as in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but also in chronic conditions like cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Any other conditions resulting in brain hypoperfusion can also lead to ischemia.

Clinical Applications of Bone Marrow CD34 Immunohistochemistry (BM CD34 IHC) Assay: International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) Guidelines.

Introduction: Investigation of bone marrow (BM) trephine biopsies and/or clot sections by CD34 immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing has been used by pathologists for several decades, and its clinical value has been well established with QBEND10 being the most frequently used primary antibody (Ab) clone. However, most other parameters related to the IHC protocol as well as the readout vary widely between clinical laboratories and in the published literature. The ICSH Working Group having reviewed the published evidence has established guidelines that will help to harmonize performance and reporting of CD34 IHC on BM biopsies.

Impact of excess sugar on the whole genome DNA methylation pattern in human sperm.

Aims, Patients & Methods: Dietary factors may regulate the epigenome. We aimed to explore whether a diet intervention, including excess sugar, affects the methylome in human sperm, and to describe the sperm methylome. We used Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) to analyze DNA methylation in sperm taken at three time points from 15 males during a diet intervention; i) at baseline, ii) after one week on a standardized diet, and iii) after an additional week on a high-sugar diet providing 150% of their estimated total energy expenditure.

Development and psychometric evaluation of an instrument measuring ambulance nurses' adherence and attitudes to acute chest pain guidelines.

Background: Effective prehospital care for acute chest pain critically relies on ambulance nurses' adherence to clinical guidelines. However, current adherence is inadequate, with no instruments available to improve the situation. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate an instrument measuring ambulance nurses' adherence to and attitudes towards acute chest pain guidelines, and to adapt and test the Attitudes Regarding Practice Guidelines instrument for measuring general attitudes towards guidelines.

Artificial intelligence in pediatric allergy research.

Unlabelled: Atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma are among the most common diseases in childhood. They are heterogeneous diseases, can co-exist in their development, and manifest complex associations with other disorders and environmental and hereditary factors. Elucidating these intricacies by identifying clinically distinguishable groups and actionable risk factors will allow for better understanding of the diseases, which will enhance clinical management and benefit society and affected individuals and families.

Cancers not detected in one-view breast tomosynthesis screening-characteristics and reasons for non-detection.

Objectives: Limited understanding exists regarding non-detected cancers in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening. This study aims to classify non-detected cancers into true or false negatives, compare them with true positives, and analyze reasons for non-detection.

Materials And Methods: Conducted between 2010 and 2015, the prospective single-center Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST) compared one-view DBT and two-view digital mammography (DM).

A comment on the physiological basis for longitudinal motion of the arterial wall.

The longitudinal motion and the intramural shear strain of the arterial wall increase dramatically in response to blood pressure, thereby impacting the vascular wall microenvironment. Exposure to a sedentary lifestyle has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it has been shown that intermittent physical activity embedded into everyday life is enough to improve cardiovascular health. Marked changes in longitudinal motion already at low workload may explain this finding.

Assessing the interaction between the N-terminal region of the membrane protein magnesium transporter A and a lipid bilayer.

Unlabelled: This study investigates the interaction of KEIF, the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of the magnesium transporter MgtA, with lipid bilayers mimicking cell membranes. Combining experimental techniques such as neutron reflectometry (NR), quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD), and oriented circular dichroism (OCD), with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we characterized KEIF's adsorption behavior.

Hypothesis: KEIF undergoes conformational changes upon interacting with lipid bilayers, potentially influencing MgtA's function within the plasma membrane.

Robson ten group classification system for Caesarean sections across Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: The aim of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to examine the differences in caesarean section rates across European regions and at a country level by utilizing the Robson classification system. The study has compared caesarean rates across European regions using the Robson classification to identify the drivers of caesarean section use. This review shows significant variations in caesarean section rates across European regions, ranging from 16.

The association between personality traits and myocardial infarction- A European cross-sectional study.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious condition that increases with age. It is valuable to identify the reasons why some are affected, and possibly, why different personality traits can be associated with an increased or decreased risk for myocardial infarction.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on wave 7 data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).

Platelet characteristics in extremely preterm infants after fatty acid supplementation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Two risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely preterm infants are thrombocytopenia and low levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To date, these risk factors have not been linked.

Method: Infants born < 28 weeks gestational age (GA) from 2016 to 2019 were randomized to postnatal enteral AA/DHA supplementation or standard care (controls).

Eye tracker calibration: How well can humans refixate a target?

Irrespective of the precision, the inaccuracy of a pupil-based eye tracker is about 0.5 . This paper delves into two factors that potentially increase the inaccuracy of the gaze signal, namely, 1) Pupil-size changes and the pupil-size artefact (PSA) and 2) the putative inability of experienced individuals to precisely refixate a visual target.

Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and the association with behavioural difficulties in 7-year-old children in the SELMA study.

Background: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cross the placenta and thereby expose the fetus, which may lead to developmental consequences. It is still unclear which chemicals are of concern regarding neurodevelopment and specifically behaviour, when being exposed to a mixture.

Objective: The objective is to determine associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and behavioural difficulties.

Unraveling the ancient fungal DNA from the Iceman gut.

Background: Fungal DNA is rarely reported in metagenomic studies of ancient samples. Although fungi are essential for their interactions with all kingdoms of life, limited information is available about ancient fungi. Here, we explore the possibility of the presence of ancient fungal species in the gut of Ötzi, the Iceman, a naturally mummified human found in the Tyrolean Alps (border between Italy and Austria).

Effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and broader neuroplasticity: a systematic review.

In the mammalian brain, new neurons continue to be generated throughout life in a process known as adult neurogenesis. The role of adult-generated neurons has been broadly studied across laboratories, and mounting evidence suggests a strong link to the HPA axis and concomitant dysregulations in patients diagnosed with mood disorders. Psychedelic compounds, such as phenethylamines, tryptamines, cannabinoids, and a variety of ever-growing chemical categories, have emerged as therapeutic options for neuropsychiatric disorders, while numerous reports link their effects to increased adult neurogenesis.

Utility of Urine Dipstick Testing in Pediatric Appendicitis: Assessing its Role in Identifying Complicated Cases and Retrocecal Appendicitis.

Background:  Diagnosing appendicitis in children remains a challenge, and the role of urine dipstick is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between abnormal urine dipstick results and appendicitis, particularly appendicitis severity and appendix position.

Methods:  A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2017 to 2021 at a tertiary hospital in Sweden.

Case presentation of acute ischemia induced ST-depression masking Brugada syndrome ECG pattern in a relatively young patient.

ECG in Brugada syndrome (BrS) is characterized by a ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads. Overlap between ST-segment changes in BrS and ischemia may lead to diagnostic challenges. We report a case of a male patient presented with recurrent chest pain episodes and ST elevation in the right precordial leads consistent with Brugada ECG pattern type 1 and was clinically diagnosed with BrS at the age of 30 years.

Do directed and non-directed oocyte donors differ regarding their motives, ambivalence, satisfaction and openness about donating?

Research Question: Do directed oocyte donors differ from non-directed identity-release oocyte donors regarding pre-donation motives and ambivalence, and post-donation satisfaction and openness?

Design: The study is part of the longitudinal Swedish Study on Gamete Donation where consecutive samples of identity-release gamete donors at seven Swedish University Hospitals were approached during a 3-year period (2005-2008). The participants of the current study were 16 women who donated oocytes to family members or friends (directed donation) and 123 women who donated to unknown recipients (non-directed donation). Survey data on motivation, ambivalence, post-donation satisfaction and openness were collected at five time points between acceptance as a donor and 14-17 years post-donation.

Reduction of artifacts associated with missing data in coherent diffractive imaging.

Coherent diffractive imaging experiments often collect incomplete datasets containing regions that lack any measurements. These regions can arise because of beamstops, gaps between detectors, or, in tomography experiments, a missing wedge of data due to a limited sample rotation range. We describe practical and effective approaches to mitigate reconstruction artifacts by bringing uniqueness back to the phase retrieval problem.

Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants.

Background: Preterm and low birth weight infants are at an early stage of development, and do not receive adequate maternal circadian signals. They are often cared for over prolonged periods of hospitalisation in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), where environmental circadian stimuli are lacking. Exposure to artificial light-dark cycles may stimulate the development of the circadian system and improve clinical outcomes.

The association between TNF-receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2) and mortality as well as kidney function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Higher circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2) are associated with increased long-term mortality and impaired kidney function.

Aim: To study associations between levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 and all-cause mortality as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline.

Population And Methods: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5 in the Salford Kidney Study were included.

NETQUANT2: automated web-based quantification of neutrophil extracellular traps from fluorescence microscopy.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures that neutrophils form in response to various stimuli, including invading pathogens. NETs are increasingly studied, and their importance has been demonstrated in autoimmunity and infection. However, no consensus has emerged on their quantification, with many studies resorting to manually counting NETs in microscopy images.