Progesterone-based timed AI protocols for Bos indicus cattle III: Comparison of protocol lengths.

This study aimed to validate a 7 d progesterone (P4)-based fixed-time AI (FTAI) protocol for Bos indicus cattle by comparing to 8 and 9 d-type protocols. The first study compared 7 vs. 8 d protocols in Nelore heifers (Exp.

Sublethal Effects of Diamide Insecticides on Development and Flight Performance of (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Implications for Bt Soybean Refuge Area Management.

High-dose and refuge are the most important strategies for delaying resistance evolution in Bt crops. Insecticide sprays in refuge areas could be necessary and may limit refuge effectiveness. Here, we evaluated the sublethal effects of two diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide) on life history traits and flight performance.

Genome Sequence Resources of , , , and : Four Species Pathogenic to Soybean ().

is a large genus of plant pathogenic fungi comprising more than 200 species. In this work, we present the genome sequences of four species pathogenic to soybean: , , , and While is globally considered the most important pathogen, the other three species have been described and associated with soybean only recently. The genome sequences will provide insights into factors that contribute to pathogenicity toward soybean and will be useful for further research into the evolution of

Interactions of circulating estradiol and progesterone on changes in endometrial area and pituitary responsiveness to GnRH†.

Changes in circulating progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) during proestrus produce dynamic changes in endometrial function and pituitary release of gonadotropins. Independent and combined effects of P4 and E2 on endometrium and pituitary were evaluated. In a preliminary study, an exogenous hormone model of proestrus was created by removal of corpus luteum and follicles ≥5 mm followed by gradual removal of intravaginal P4 implants during 18 h and treatment with increasing doses of estradiol benzoate during 48 h to mimic proestrus using high E2 (n = 9) or low E2 (n = 9).

Proteome alterations associated with the oleic acid and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid content in bovine skeletal muscle.

Oleic acid (OA) and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (c9t11-CLA) are fatty acids found in beef with beneficial effects in human health. This study investigated differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in skeletal muscle of bovines with extreme values of OA, and c9t11-CLA. For each one of the fatty acids, twenty muscle samples were divided into two groups (N = 10_High; N = 10_Low) and analyzed by high definition mass spectrometry.

Copulatory function and development shape modular architecture of genitalia differently in males and females.

Genitalia are multitasking structures whose development is mediated by numerous regulatory pathways. This multifactorial nature provides an avenue for multiple sources of selection. As a result, genitalia tend to evolve as modular systems comprising semi-independent subsets of structures, yet the processes that give rise to those patterns are still poorly understood.

Short communication: Heat stress does not affect induced luteolysis in Holstein cows.

Heat stress (HS) has deleterious effects on bovine reproduction, including prolongation of the luteal phase in Holstein cows, perhaps due to compromised luteolysis. The objective was to characterize effects of HS on luteolytic responses of nonlactating Holstein cows given 25 or 12.5 mg of PGF on d 7 of the estrous cycle.

Two new species of Nealiolus Mason (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae) reared from pest weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae).

Here, we present the first two South American species of Nealiolus Mason (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), both reared from weevils damaging plants of economic value: Nealiolus chayohtli Wengrat Shimbori sp. n. on Phymatophosus squameus feeding in stems of Sechium edule (chayote), and Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori Wengrat sp.

Vestitol drives LPS-activated macrophages into M2 phenotype through modulation of NF-κB pathway.

Previously, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of vestitol in a neutrophil model. Here, we show the effects of vestitol on macrophage activation and function. Vestitol was obtained from Brazilian red propolis after bioguided fractionation and tested at different concentrations in LPS-activated RAW 264.

Progesterone-based timed AI protocols for Bos indicus cattle I: Evaluation of ovarian function.

Three experiments evaluated ovarian dynamics and circulating progesterone (P4) during P4-based protocols initiated with GnRH, estradiol benzoate (EB), or no additional treatment in Nelore (Bos indicus) cattle. In Exp 1 (n = 59 cows), a 5-d P4-only protocol (P-5d; D0: P4 implant alone (1g); D5: P4 removal, 0.5 mg estradiol cypionate [EC], 0.

Progesterone-based timed AI protocols for Bos indicus cattle II: Reproductive outcomes of either EB or GnRH-type protocol, using or not GnRH at AI.

The aim of these experiments was to study ovarian dynamics and fertility of Bos indicus beef cattle submitted to 7-d progesterone (P4)-based fixed-time AI (FTAI) protocols using different hormonal treatments. In Exp. 1, 2 yr old Nelore heifers (n = 973) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: EB-0 (estradiol benzoate, EB on D0 and no GnRH at AI), EB-G (EB on D0 and GnRH at AI), G-0 (GnRH on D0 and no GnRH at AI), or G-G (GnRH on D0 and at AI).

Analysis of NAC Domain Transcription Factor Genes of L.f. Involved in Secondary Cell Wall Deposition.

NAC proteins are one of the largest families of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs). They regulate diverse complex biological processes, including secondary xylem differentiation and wood formation. Recent genomic and transcriptomic studies of L.

Beyond host regulation: Changes in gut microbiome of permissive and non-permissive hosts following parasitization by the wasp Cotesia flavipes.

Koinobiont parasitoids regulate the physiology of their hosts, possibly interfering with the host gut microbiota and ultimately impacting parasitoid development. We used the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes to investigate if the regulation of the host would also affect the host gut microbiota. We also wondered if the effects of parasitization on the gut microbiota would depend on the host-parasitoid association by testing the permissive Diatraea saccharalis and the non-permissive Spodoptera frugiperda hosts.

Simplifying Sample Preparation for Soil Fertility Analysis by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.

Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) sensors allow one to collect digital data in a practical and environmentally friendly way, as a complementary method to traditional laboratory analyses. This work aimed to assess the performance of a pXRF sensor to predict exchangeable nutrients in soil samples by using two contrasting strategies of sample preparation: pressed pellets and loose powder (<2 mm). Pellets were prepared using soil and a cellulose binder at 10% w w followed by grinding for 20 min.

X-ray Spectroscopy Fostering the Understanding of Foliar Uptake and Transport of Mn by Soybean ( L. Merril): Kinetics, Chemical Speciation, and Effects of Glyphosate.

Increasing the yield of soybean is a challenge to humankind dependent on several management practices, such as fertilizing and weed control. While glyphosate contributes to controlling weeds, it can interfere with spray mixture stability and, supposedly, complex with micronutrients within the plant tissue. This study investigated the effects of glyphosate on soybean foliar uptake and transport of Mn supplied as MnSO, MnHPO, Mn-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and MnCO.

Soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) response to lambda-cyhalothrin varies with its virulence status to aphid-resistant soybean.

Background: Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, is an invasive insect in North America, considered one of the most important pests of soybean. Their management relies heavily on foliar insecticides, but there is growing effort to expand these tools to include aphid-resistant varieties. We explored if the LC and LC of lambda-cyhalothrin varied between virulent (resistant to Aphis glycines (Rag) soybeans) and avirulent (susceptible to Rag-genes soybeans) populations of soybean aphid with a leaf-dip bioassay.

Biochemical and physiological impacts of zinc sulphate, potassium phosphite and hydrogen sulphide in mitigating stress conditions in soybean.

Soybean is the most widely grown oilseed in the world. It is an important source of protein and oil which are derived from its seeds. Drought stress is a major constraint to soybean yields.

Combining Ionizing Irradiation and Ultrasound Technologies: Effect on Beans Hydration and Germination.

The present work studied, for the first time, the effect of two technologies on the hydration and germination process of beans: ionizing irradiation and ultrasound. In addition, this work proposed a possible biological effect of ultrasound to describe its effect on grain hydration. Carioca beans were irradiated at doses of 2.

Physiological and molecular responses to drought stress in teak (Tectona grandis L.f.).

Drought stress is an increasingly common and worrying phenomenon because it causes a loss of production in both agriculture and forestry. Teak is a tropical tree which needs alternating rainy and dry seasons to produce high-quality wood. However, a robust understanding about the physiological characteristics and genes related to drought stress in this species is lacking.

Ozonation of cassava starch to produce biodegradable films.

In this study, biodegradable films were produced from cassava starch modified by ozone at different levels. The films were produced by casting technique using native and ozonated cassava starch, glycerol as the plasticizer, and water as the solvent. Films were characterized in term of their mechanical, barrier and functional properties, morphology, crystallinity, colour, and opacity.

Atrazine movement in corn cultivated soil using HYDRUS-2D: A comparison between real and simulated data.

Atrazine is an herbicide that is applied in corn around the world and in sugarcane in Brazil. It is known to be hazardous for animals' health, mobile in the soil, and its analysis is considered expensive and onerous. Solute movement studies are essential to provide information about dangerous molecules movement, which can avoid contamination.

Potassium affects the phytoextraction potential of Tanzania guinea grass under cadmium stress.

The supply of potassium (K) is a strategy to increase the tolerance of plants exposed to Cd toxicity. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of K on the growth and potential of Tanzania guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv.

Genome-wide association scan for QTL and their positional candidate genes associated with internal organ traits in chickens.

Background: Poultry breeding programs have been focused on improvement of growth and carcass traits, however, this has resulted in correlated changes in internal organ weights and increased incidence of metabolic disorders. These disorders can affect feed efficiency or even cause death. We used a high density SNP array (600 K, Affymetrix) to estimate genomic heritability, perform genome-wide association analysis, and identify genomic regions and positional candidate genes (PCGs) associated with internal organ traits in an F2 chicken population.

Combining ozone and ultrasound technologies to modify maize starch.

In this work, maize starch was modified using ultrasound (US) and ozone (O) treatments, each one alone and also in combination. The starch molecular structure, granule characteristics and properties were evaluated. The US treatment alone did not show influence on the starch physical characteristics.