Left Pulmonary Artery Stenting for Left Pulmonary Artery Stenosis Following Patent Ductus Arteriosus Device Closure: Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Percutaneous device occlusion is currently the standard of care for most cases of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Albeit infrequent, device-related left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenosis is a known complication of this procedure, occasionally requiring stent placement to relieve the obstruction. We present a series of four patients who required left pulmonary stenting after ductus arteriosus device closure.

It's About Timing: Contrasting the Metabolic Effects of Early vs. Late Time-Restricted Eating in Humans.

Purpose Of Review: Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, restricts feeding time across the day, imposing a daily 'eating window'. The time of day when the eating window occurs could result in differential metabolic effects. Here, we describe recent intervention studies in humans assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- (i.

Efficacy, Safety, and Pain Level of Subcutaneous Catheter Use for Administration of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in Children With Cancer: A Randomized Pilot Study.

The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy, safety, and pain level of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration via a subcutaneous catheter compared with direct injection in children with cancer. This was a pilot randomized controlled trial of standard G-CSF administration versus subcutaneous catheter administration. Children 2-15 years of age who were beginning G-CSF after their first chemotherapy cycle and anticipated to receive G-CSF following the next three cycles of chemotherapy were eligible.

ISOM 2023 research Panel 4 - Diagnostics and microbiology of otitis media.

Objectives: To identify and review key research advances from the literature published between 2019 and 2023 on the diagnosis and microbiology of otitis media (OM) including acute otitis media (AOM), recurrent AOM (rAOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and AOM complications (mastoiditis).

Data Sources: PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine.

Review Methods: All relevant original articles published in Medline in English between July 2019 and February 2023 were identified.

International Collaboration for the Prosthetic and Surgical Intervention of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency.

Interdisciplinary teamwork is essential for the rehabilitation of patients with cleft lip and palate, and therefore, the application of treatment techniques for velopharyngeal insufficiency, both surgical and prosthetic, depends on the experience of each rehabilitation team. For this reason, the following study consisting of the cooperation between interdisciplinary cleft lip and palate teams from Chile and Argentina, which succeeded in correcting velopharyngeal insufficiency in an adolescent, initially using a pharyngeal bulb prosthesis and speech therapy, and finally through pharyngeal flap surgery, is presented. This shows that international cooperation is a valuable tool for training, implementation, and follow-up of different treatment techniques for teams in formation.

Predicting no-show appointments in a pediatric hospital in Chile using machine learning.

The Chilean public health system serves 74% of the country's population, and 19% of medical appointments are missed on average because of no-shows. The national goal is 15%, which coincides with the average no-show rate reported in the private healthcare system. Our case study, Doctor Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, is a public high-complexity pediatric hospital and teaching center in Santiago, Chile.

A Hollow Tridimensional Silicone Template for Microtia Reconstruction and Postoperative Scar Compression.

Microtia poses a great challenge in auricular reconstruction, due to a great number of anatomical details on the anterior aspect, and its tridimensional shape. Numerous techniques have been described in an attempt to optimize results. We have designed a hollow tridimensional silicon template to serve as an intrasurgical guide for ear's anatomy, size and projection, according to the normal side, which allows better results of auricular reconstruction.

Bacterial Gut Microbiota and Infections During Early Childhood.

Gut microbiota composition during the first years of life is variable, dynamic and influenced by both prenatal and postnatal factors, such as maternal antibiotics administered during labor, delivery mode, maternal diet, breastfeeding, and/or antibiotic consumption during infancy. Furthermore, the microbiota displays bidirectional interactions with infectious agents, either through direct microbiota-microorganism interactions or indirectly through various stimuli of the host immune system. Here we review these interactions during childhood until 5 years of life, focusing on bacterial microbiota, the most common gastrointestinal and respiratory infections and two well characterized gastrointestinal diseases related to dysbiosis (necrotizing enterocolitis and infection).

Reference intervals of automated reticulocyte count and immature reticulocyte fraction in a pediatric population.

Introduction: Reticulocytes are erythroid precursors that develop into mature erythrocytes, and they are an important tool to assess erythropoietic activity, as their count indicates the balance between the cells released from the bone marrow, their stage of maturity, and their rate of development into mature erythrocytes. Considering the described biological variability of the absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) and the immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) and the limited information available on these hematological parameters in children, this study determined the reference intervals (RIs) of these parameters in a healthy pediatric population.

Methods: A retrospective, observational, and analytical study was designed to establish RIs for the ARC and the IRF according to age and sex.

Interindividual Biological Variability of Reticulocytes and Their Maturation Fractions in the Pediatric Population.

Objectives: Because published data about the variability of reticulocyte counts in children are scarce, the interindividual biological variability of the automated reticulocyte count and its maturation fractions according to age and sex were analyzed.

Methods: A retrospective, observational, analytical study was designed to establish and compare normal values of the automated reticulocyte count and its maturation fractions in different age and sex groups. The sample was drawn from results of CBC counts performed in children aged between 2 months and 18 years using an indirect sampling methodology.

Evaluation of the Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Resources Available in Chile.

Purpose: Pediatric neuro-oncology resources are mostly unknown in Chile. We report the human and material resources available in Chilean hospitals providing pediatric neuro-oncology services.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 17 hospitals providing pediatric neuro-oncology services (Programa Infantil Nacional de Drogas Antineoplásicas [PINDA] hospitals, 11; private, 6).

Primary Palatal Surgery in Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate Children and Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Correction Outcomes.

Speech has a very significant impact on the life quality of people with cleft and lip palate. Restore tissue anatomy and functionality is the main aim of primary palatal surgery. Multiple factors are associated with successful handling, including the need for a velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) secondary surgery.

Coronavirus Disease-19: An Interim Evidence Synthesis of the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (Waidid).

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving, highly transmissible, and potentially lethal pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of June 11 2020, more than 7,000,000 COVID-19 cases have been reported worldwide, and more than 400,000 patients have died, affecting at least 188 countries. While literature on the disease is rapidly accumulating, an integrated, multinational perspective on clinical manifestations, immunological effects, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19 can be of global benefit.

Evaluation of the Reticulocyte Production Index in the Pediatric Population.

Objectives: Since hematologic values vary with age in children, we evaluated the agreement between the "traditional" reticulocyte production index (RPI) and an RPI by age (RPI/A)-adjusted normal values.

Methods: A retrospective, observational, and analytical study was performed on CBCs of children with anemia younger than 18 years. The agreement and clinical repercussions of the RPI values were analyzed with an RPI/A developed with theoretical values for different ages.

Gastric Damage and Cancer-Associated Biomarkers in -Infected Children.

() is well-known to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with deregulation of cell proliferation and epigenetic changes in cancer-related genes. infection is largely acquired during childhood, persisting long-term in about half of infected individuals, a subset of whom will go on to develop peptic ulcer disease and eventually gastric cancer, however, the sequence of events leading to disease is not completely understood. Knowledge on carcinogenesis and gastric damage-related biomarkers is abundant in adult populations, but scarce in children.

Initial Experience in Chile with Stent Implantation in the Right Ventricle Outflow Tract in High-Risk Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) treatment is difficult in patients with surgical risk factors or unfavorable anatomy. Stent implantation in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an option for these patients. We report our initial experience in Chile with RVOT stenting in patients with ToF.

Landmark versus ultrasound-guided insertion of femoral venous catheters in the pediatric intensive care unit: An efficacy and safety comparison study.

Background: Central venous cannulation (CVC) is common and necessary in pediatric intensive care. However, this procedure is not without risks or complications. Although CVCs have classically been placed following anatomical landmarks, the use of ultrasound guidance has largely replaced the latter, given its better profile of efficacy and safety, demonstrated at least in adult populations.

Urology mythbusters: do we need to surgically correct vesicoureteral reflux in older girls to prevent problems in future pregnancy? (revision 1).

In this edition of Mythbusters we critically examine the premise that, because women with history of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) are at higher risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and other morbidity during pregnancy, persistent VUR in older girls should be considered an indication for surgical correction. The literature is very limited in that there are essentially no methodologically robust comparisons of pregnancy outcomes among women whose childhood VUR was or was not surgically repaired. Most of the case series and cohorts find relatively high incidence of UTI and pyelonephritis among pregnant women with a history of VUR, but there is very little to suggest that persistent VUR is itself a risk factor for infection during pregnancy.

Organ and effective doses detriment to paediatric patients undergoing multiple interventional cardiology procedures.

The aims of the present study were to present the frequency of multiple interventional cardiac procedures for a certain group of patients obtained at one of the largest paediatric hospitals in Chile. In addition it has been analysed cumulative kerma area product (KAP) and cumulative air kerma (CAK), and calculated organ doses for the patient groups undergoing 2, 3 and ≥ 4 procedures, using Monte Carlo software. Effective doses were also estimated for epidemiological purposes and to permit comparison with other imaging procedures.

Treatment, outcomes and costs of asthma exacerbations in Chilean children: a prospective multicenter observational study.

Objective: To describe potential regional variations in therapies for severe asthma exacerbations in Chilean children and estimate the associated health expenditures.

Methods: Observational prospective cohort study in 14 hospitals over a one-year period. Children five years of age or older were eligible for inclusion.

[Evaluation of the prescription, consumption and costs of antifungal drugs in a pediatric hospital in Chile].

Background: The increase of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in immunocompromised patients has led to the frequent prescription of highly active antifungal drugs but with a high economic cost.

Aim: To characterize the use of antifungals drugs, evaluate its prescription and determine consumption and associated costs.

Methods: Retrospective descriptive study from January 2015 to April 2016.

The International Atomic Energy Agency action plan on radiation protection of patients and staff in interventional procedures: Achieving change in practice.

Introduction: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized the 3rd international conference on radiation protection (RP) of patients in December 2017. This paper presents the conclusions on the interventional procedures (IP) session.

Material And Methods: The IAEA conference was conducted as a series of plenary sessions followed by various thematic sessions.

22q11.2 Deletion: Surgical and Speech Outcomes of Patients With Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Treated With a Superiorly Based Pharyngeal Flap as the Primary Surgery.

The most frequent palate diagnoses in patients with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are a classic submucous cleft, occult, and velopharyngeal insufficiency without cleft, which generates alterations in speech that require surgery. Surgical protocols are controversial owing to syndrome characteristics that make their handling more complex.