Virtual anatomical atlas of the deep brain nuclei.

This study aims to improve understanding of the anatomy of the deep brain nuclei relevant to deep brain stimulation as well as stereotactic lesioning procedures, including radio frequency, high-focused ultrasound, and radiosurgery. We created interactive, three-dimensional virtual models from cadaveric dissections and radiological segmentation. We used five brain specimens (ten hemispheres) obtained from routine autopsies, prepared according to Klingler's method.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on COVID-19 symptomatology and severity during five waves.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 variants have distinct features of transmissibility, infectivity, and aggressiveness that may cause different clinical manifestations. A better understanding of the disease presentation and progression could help to outline more precise preventive and treatment frameworks. This study describes the differences in COVID-19 presentation and outcomes across five variant waves.

Evaluation of dysmenorrhea changes in patients undergoing cervical dilatation: Does it work?

Objective: To demonstrate that cervical dilation will relieve symptoms in women with primary dysmenorrhea.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 30 patients were included in the study group and 30 patients were included in the control group. Age, sex, occupation, education level, duration of dysmenorrhea, and presence of dyspareunia were recorded for all patients.

Relationship between nursing students' levels of liking children and self-efficacy in paediatric medication administration.

Background: Medication management is a critical aspect of nursing, in particular with respect to paediatric patients, in whom medication errors are prevalent. Enhancing competence in this area requires not only general nursing skills but also targeted educational interventions and emotional support. This study aims to examine the relationship between nursing students' levels of liking children and their self-efficacy in paediatric medication administration, thereby exploring the impact of emotional factors on clinical competence.

Anterior selective targeting for radiosurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a cohort study.

Objective: Before commonly used targets such as the Retrogasserian Zone (RGZ) and the Root Entry Zone (REZ) were adopted for the radiosurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a more anterior target involving the Gasserian ganglion was used. Thanks to advancements in imaging technology, it is now possible to identify and target separate nerve divisions in Meckel's Cave as desired. Although this approach has been mentioned previously, no clinical study has investigated it until now.

International Consensus Statement on Platelet Function and Genetic Testing in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: 2024 Update.

Current evidence indicates that dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin plus a P2Y inhibitor is essential for the prevention of thrombotic events after percutaneous coronary interventions. However, dual antiplatelet therapy is associated with increased bleeding which may outweigh the benefits. This has set the foundations for customizing antiplatelet treatments to the individual patient.

Comparison of Embolization Using Coil Versus Coil and Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer in Pelvic venous Disorders.

Background: Endovascular treatments are frequently applied in pelvic venous disorders (PeVDs) with guidelines recommendations. There is no clear answer as to which of the embolization methods applied with endovascular treatments is superior. In this study, we aimed to compare the outcomes and symptom relief of patients with PeVDs treated using coils alone versus those treated with both coils and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, as well as to evaluate the material usage and safety and efficacy of these treatments.

Histopathology of thermal effects in endoscopic ear surgery: An experimental animal study.

Objective: The potential risk of thermal damage in the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery has been a concerning issue. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of heat exposure of different durations in external auditory canal (EAC) skin and facial nerve tissues.

Methods: This study was conducted on 20 rabbits assigned equally to five groups according to the endoscope-transmitted heat exposure duration: Control group (no exposure), 2, 10, 15, and 30 min.

Turkish Society of Gastroenterology: Pancreas Working Group, Acute Pancreatitis Committee Consensus Report.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a clinical condition that arises acutely in the pancreas through various inflammatory pathways due to multiple causes. Turkish Society of Gastroenterology Pancreas Working Group developed comprehensive guidance statements regarding the management of AP that include its epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, disease severity, treatment, prognosis, local and systemic complications. The statements were developed through literature review, deliberation, and consensus opinion.

Evolving Clinical Features of Diabetic Ketoacidosis: The Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors.

: The antidiabetic effect of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2-is) is based on their ability to increase glucose excretion through urine by inhibiting the kidney-resident SGLT2 protein. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening adverse effect of these medications, which are notable for their antidiabetic, cardiovascular, and renal protective properties. This study aimed to clarify the impact of SGLT2-is on demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics in patients with DKA.

Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy and Functional Implications: Which Joint in the Upper Extremity Is More Closely Associated?

The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between the active range of motion (ROM) of the affected upper extremity and functional capacity in children with Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy (OBPP) who have undergone the modified Hoffer tendon transfer technique. The study cohort comprised 52 children with OBPP, aged 4-14 years, who had undergone a shoulder tendon transfer. The ROM was quantified using a goniometer, while functionality was evaluated through the administration of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure (BPOM).

The Relationship Between Tramadol Use and Cardio Electrophysiological Balance for Postoperative Pain Treatment in General Surgery Patients.

: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tramadol use and cardio electrophysiological imbalance (iCEB/iCEBc) in general surgery patients with complaints of acute postoperative pain (APP). : In this prospective cross-sectional study, a total of 218 consecutive patients over the age of 18, who underwent surgical procedures in our clinic (postoperative), were included. For analgesic effect, tramadol was administered with an initial total max dose not exceeding 2 mg/kg.

Aquaporin Channels in Skin Physiology and Aging Pathophysiology: Investigating Their Role in Skin Function and the Hallmarks of Aging.

This study examines the critical role of aquaporins (AQPs) in skin physiology and aging pathophysiology. The skin plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by acting as a protective barrier against external pathogens and excessive water loss, while also contributing to the appearance and self-esteem of individuals. Key physiological features, such as elasticity and repair capability, are essential for its proper function.

Cytokines and Madness: A Unifying Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Involving Interleukin-22.

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric illness of uncertain etiopathogenesis in which antipsychotic drugs can attenuate the symptoms, but patients rarely return to the premorbid level of functioning. In fact, with each relapse, people living with schizophrenia progress toward disability and cognitive impairment. Moreover, our patients desire to live normal lives, to manage their daily affairs independently, date, get married, and raise and support a family.

Rectal Cancer and Lateral Lymph Node Staging: Interobserver Agreement and Success in Predicting Locoregional Recurrence.

To evaluate the agreement among radiologists in the evaluation of rectal cancer staging and restaging (after neoadjuvant therapy) and assess whether locoregional recurrence can be predicted with this information. Pre-neoadjuvant and after-neoadjuvant therapy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 239 patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists. The agreement between the MRI findings (localization of tumor involvement, tumor coverage pattern, external sphincter involvement, mucin content of the mass and lymph node, changes in the peritoneum, MRI T stage, distance between tumor and MRF, submucosal sign, classification of locoregional lymph node, and EMVI) was discussed at the September 2023 meeting of the Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) and the interobserver and histopathological findings were examined.

Assessment of tibialis anterior tendon insertion variations in relation to hallux valgus utilizing magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Hallux valgus is a deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the big toe and medial deviation of the first metatarsal, causing difficulty in walking and requiring various treatments. Despite its multifactorial etiology, the role of the tibialis anterior tendon in hallux valgus and its variations in the morphology of tibialis anterior tendon distal insertion sites have not been fully explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of such variations on hallux valgus using magnetic resonance imaging.

Relationship of interoceptive accuracy in acne vulgaris patients: A prospective, controlled study.

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition predominantly observed during adolescence. Interoception accuracy (IAc) refers to the ability to perceive internal bodily states such as hunger and thirst. Since the brain and skin originate from the same embryological layer, the ectoderm, it is hypothesized that skin changes and disorders might affect individual perceptions.

Impact of Specimen Extraction Site and Gallstone Size on Early Postoperative Pain Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is widely performed with generally favorable outcomes, but postoperative pain remains a significant issue, influenced by various factors including the specimen extraction site and gallstone size.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 100 patients undergoing LC. Participants were randomized to have the specimen removed through either the epigastric or umbilical trocar.