Comprehensive in situ analysis of ALDH1 and SOX2 reveals increased expression of stem cell markers in high-grade serous carcinomas compared to low-grade serous carcinomas and atypical proliferative serous tumors.

Recent studies have shown that re-expression of stem cell factors contribute to pathogenesis, therapy resistance, and recurrent disease in ovarian carcinomas. In this study, we compare the expression and co-expression of stem cell markers ALDH1 and SOX2 in different types of serous ovarian tumors. A total of 215 serous ovarian tumors (161 high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), 17 low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSC), 37 atypical proliferative serous tumors (APST)), and 10 cases of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) were analyzed.

Clinical Characterization of the Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Susceptibility Genes SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 for Gene-Informed Prevention.

Importance: Effective cancer prevention is based on accurate molecular diagnosis and results of genetic family screening, genotype-informed risk assessment, and tailored strategies for early diagnosis. The expanding etiology for hereditary pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas has recently included SDHA, TMEM127, MAX, and SDHAF2 as susceptibility genes. Clinical management guidelines for patients with germline mutations in these 4 newly included genes are lacking.

Sensitive and Quantitative Three-Color Protein Imaging in Fission Yeast Using Spectrally Diverse, Recoded Fluorescent Proteins with Experimentally-Characterized In Vivo Maturation Kinetics.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an outstanding model organism for cell biological investigations, yet the range of useful and well-characterized fluorescent proteins (XFPs) is limited. We generated and characterized three recoded fluorescent proteins for 3-color analysis in S.pombe, Super-folder GFP, monomeric Kusabira Orange 2 and E2Crimson.

AFP negative cystic liver lesion in a child should let one think of hepatoblastoma.

AFP is still the most important serologic marker for the hepatoblastoma as the most common liver tumor in children. An AFP negative hepatoblastoma is rare. We present the first documented case of an infant with an AFP negative and cystic liver lesion later diagnosed as a fetal hepatoblastoma.

Immediate Risk-Stratification Improves Survival (IRIS): study protocol.

Background: To date, the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to be effective for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death only in selected groups of patients in the chronic phase after myocardial infarction.

Methods And Results: The Immediate Risk-Stratification Improves Survival (IRIS) Study compares ICD therapy with no ICD therapy in selected high risk patients early after myocardial infarction. Special emphasis is placed on optimal acute and long term medical therapy in all patients including metoprolol CR/ZOK.

Wnt 6 regulates the epithelialisation process of the segmental plate mesoderm leading to somite formation.

In higher vertebrates, the paraxial mesoderm undergoes a mesenchymal to epithelial transformation to form segmentally organised structures called somites. Experiments have shown that signals originating from the ectoderm overlying the somites or from midline structures are required for the formation of the somites, but their identity has yet to be determined. Wnt6 is a good candidate as a somite epithelialisation factor from the ectoderm since it is expressed in this tissue.

Do cows fed BSE-infected meat and bone meal in the colostrum-producing stage pass on infectious BSE agent to their calves?

Direct ingestion of the infectious BSE agent via meat and bone meal (MBM) is commonly regarded as the main route of infection for cattle. I propose that another plausible route of infection has been overlooked so far, namely the ingestion of MBM by mother animals who susequently pass on the infectious agent in their colostrum and thus infect their offspring. This theory could explain why, although infection is thought to occur at very early stages in life, many BSE animals had not received MBM containing feeds when calves.

The impact of response mode on implicit and explicit sequence learning.

Evidence regarding the influence of response mode on sequence learning in serial reaction time (SRT) tasks has been mixed so far. In the present study, sequence learning was investigated under two different response conditions: manual (button presses) versus verbal (pronunciation of digits). Additionally, participants were divided post hoc into subgroups differing in their degree of explicit knowledge about the sequence.

D2 receptor occupancy under recommended and high doses of olanzapine: an iodine-123-iodobenzamide SPECT study.

The aim of this study was to compare the degree of striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability in patients treated with recommended (5-20 mg, mean dose 11.9 +/- 6.3 mg daily) and higher doses (25-40 mg, mean 32.

Parameters for determination of Candida albicans virulence in murine peritonitis.

Using intraperitoneal (i. p.) infection of mice with Candida albicans we determined which parameters might be useful for characterization of virulence in this model.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk and their role in early infant development.

The lipid fraction of human milk represents the main source of energy for the newborn infant and supplies essential nutrients such as fat-soluble vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The essential fatty acids linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids are precursors of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as arachidonic (C20:4 n-6) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n-3) acids, present in human milk in considerable amounts. LC-PUFA are indispensable structural components of all cellular membranes, and they are incorporated in relatively large amounts during early growth of the brain and the retina.

Differential gene expression of the three natriuretic peptides and natriuretic peptide receptor subtypes in human liver.

Background: Various effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the liver have been observed. However, there is limited information about the types of receptors for natriuretic peptides expressed by the human liver.

Aim: To investigate gene expression of the three NP receptor types (NPR) as well as of the NP in human liver.

Strong and prolonged induction of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes by photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently under investigation in phase II and III clinical studies for the treatment of tumours in superficial localisations. Thus far, the underlying mechanisms of PDT regarding cellular responses and gene regulation are poorly understood. Photochemically generated singlet oxygen (1O2) is mainly responsible for cytotoxicity induced by PDT.

Oleic acid induced pancreatitis in pigs.

An experimental model of edematous pancreatitis in pigs was established and measurement of pancreatic macro- and microcirculatory parameters and determinations of pancreatic enzymes (lipase, phospholipase A) and vasoactive mediators (prostanoids, kallikrein, kininogen) were performed. During general anesthesia the pancreas was isolated in situ. Pancreatic microcirculatory parameters were measured using videofluorescence microscopy after iv administration of FITC-Dextran.

Release of arachidonic acid metabolites during acute pancreatitis in pigs.

The pancreatic release of arachidonic acid metabolites was studied in a porcine model of acute pancreatitis. In situ isolation of the pancreatic gland enabled selective collection of pancreatic venous blood, pancreatic lymph, and ascites fluid. Three experimental groups were studied: 1) control (n = 9); 2) hemorrhagic pancreatitis induced by injection of 5% bile salt (sodium taurocholate) into the pancreatic duct (n = 10); and 3) edematous pancreatitis induced by injection of free fatty acid (FFA) into the pancreatic artery (n = 10).