In Vivo ChIP-Seq of Nuclear Receptors: A Rough Guide to Transform Frozen Tissues into High-Confidence Genome-Wide Binding Profiles.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to next generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a powerful tool to map context-dependent genome-wide binding of nuclear hormone receptors and their coregulators. This information can provide important mechanistic insight into where, when and how DNA-protein interactions are linked to target gene regulation. Here we describe a simple, yet reliable ChIP-seq method, including nuclear isolation from frozen tissue samples, cross-linking DNA-protein complexes, chromatin shearing, immunoprecipitation, and purification of ChIP DNA.

Radiation-induced sensitivity of tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells in the head and neck region.

Background: Tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to migrate to areas of inflammation and promote the regeneration of damaged tissue. However, it remains unclear how radiation influences this capacity of MSC in the head and neck region.

Methods: Two types of MSCs of the head and neck region (mucosa [mMSC] and parotid gland [pMSC]) were isolated, cultured and exposed to single radiation dosages of 2 Gy/day up to 10 days.

Predicting biochemical oxygen demand in European freshwater bodies.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an indicator of organic pollution in freshwater bodies correlated to microbiological contamination. High BOD concentrations reduce oxygen availability, degrade aquatic habitats and biodiversity, and impair water use. High BOD loadings to freshwater systems are mainly coming from anthropogenic sources, comprising domestic and livestock waste, industrial emissions, and combined sewer overflows.

Relationship between ecological condition and ecosystem services in European rivers, lakes and coastal waters.

We quantify main ecosystem services (i.e. the contribution of ecosystems to human well-being) provided by rivers, lakes, coastal waters and connected ecosystems (riparian areas and floodplains) in Europe, including water provisioning, water purification, erosion prevention, flood protection, coastal protection, and recreation.

N-glycans of complex glycosylated biopharmaceuticals and their impact on protein clearance.

N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification of biopharmaceutical products. Certain types of N-glycans have been shown to influence important properties of monoclonal antibody products including pharmacokinetics and effector functions. Complex biopharmaceuticals e.

A new reporter design based on DNA origami nanostructures for quantification of short oligonucleotides using microbeads.

The DNA origami technique has great potential for the development of brighter and more sensitive reporters for fluorescence based detection schemes such as a microbead-based assay in diagnostic applications. The nanostructures can be programmed to include multiple dye molecules to enhance the measured signal as well as multiple probe strands to increase the binding strength of the target oligonucleotide to these nanostructures. Here we present a proof-of-concept study to quantify short oligonucleotides by developing a novel DNA origami based reporter system, combined with planar microbead assays.

Understanding complexity - the palliative care situation as a complex adaptive system.

Background: The concept of complexity is used in palliative care (PC) to describe the nature of patients' situations and the extent of resulting needs and care demands. However, the term or concept is not clearly defined and operationalised with respect to its particular application in PC. As a complex problem, a care situation in PC is characterized by reciprocal, nonlinear relations and uncertainties.

Beyond plasticity: the dynamic impact of electrical synapses on neural circuits.

Electrical synapses are found in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. The cellular basis of these synapses is the gap junction, a group of intercellular channels that mediate direct communication between adjacent neurons. Similar to chemical synapses, electrical connections are modifiable and their variations in strength provide a mechanism for reconfiguring neural circuits.

Processing and coating of open-pored absorbable magnesium-based bone implants.

Large bone defects or fractures must be treated with an implant or transplant. Resorbable implants are attractive as these require only one surgery, whereas bone autografts, which can be cut off from the same person's hip, require more than one procedure. Moreover, porous structures promote the ingrowth of the patient's bone.

Correction to: Is the new ASNM intraoperative neuromonitoring supervision "guideline" a trustworthy guideline? A commentary.

The article Is the new ASNM intraoperative neuromonitoring supervision "guideline" a trustworthy guideline? A commentary, written by Stanley A. Skinner, Elif Ilgaz Aydinlar, Lawrence F. Borges, Bob S.

Benchmarking Smartphone Fluorescence-Based Microscopy with DNA Origami Nanobeads: Reducing the Gap toward Single-Molecule Sensitivity.

Smartphone-based fluorescence microscopy has been rapidly developing over the last few years, enabling point-of-need detection of cells, bacteria, viruses, and biomarkers. These mobile microscopy devices are cost-effective, field-portable, and easy to use, and benefit from economies of scale. Recent developments in smartphone camera technology have improved their performance, getting closer to that of lab microscopes.

Down scaling of climate change scenarii to river basin level: A transdisciplinary methodology applied to Evrotas river basin, Greece.

The Mediterranean region is anticipated to be (or, already is) one of the hot spots for climate change, where freshwater ecosystems are under threat from the effects of multiple stressors. Climate change is impacting natural resources and on the functioning of Ecosystem Services. The challenges about modelling climate change impact on water cycle in general and specifically on socio-economic dynamics of the society leads to an exponential amount of results that restrain interpretation and added value of forecasting at local level.

Immunocytochemistry of mesenteric lymph node fine-needle aspirates in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of tissue samples is considered the gold standard for diagnosing feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and, in cats without body cavity effusion, IHC is the only method available to establish definitive antemortem diagnosis. However, IHC requires invasive tissue sample collection. We evaluated sensitivity and specificity of an immunocytochemical assay of fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of mesenteric lymph nodes that can be obtained noninvasively by ultrasound-guided aspiration to diagnose FIP.

Interchromophoric Interactions Determine the Maximum Brightness Density in DNA Origami Structures.

An ideal point light source is as small and as bright as possible. For fluorescent point light sources, homogeneity of the light sources is important as well as that the fluorescent units inside the light source maintain their photophysical properties, which is compromised by dye aggregation. Here we propose DNA origami as a rigid scaffold to arrange dye molecules in a dense pixel array with high control of stoichiometry and dye-dye interactions.

A Primate-Specific Isoform of PLEKHG6 Regulates Neurogenesis and Neuronal Migration.

The mammalian neocortex has undergone remarkable changes through evolution. A consequence of such rapid evolutionary events could be a trade-off that has rendered the brain susceptible to certain neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions. We analyzed the exomes of 65 patients with the structural brain malformation periventricular nodular heterotopia (PH).

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission: a position statement of the European Working Group for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (EWALL) and the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT).

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first complete remission is a standard of care for adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and high risk of relapse. However, the stratification systems vary among study groups. Inadequate response at the level of minimal residual disease is the most commonly accepted factor indicating the need for alloHSCT.

How Good Is Your Evidence and How Would You Know?

This paper examines the basic question of how we can come to form accurate beliefs about the world when we do not fully know how good or bad our evidence is. Here, we show, using simulations with otherwise optimal agents, the cost of misjudging the quality of our evidence. We compare different strategies for correctly estimating that quality, such as outcome- and expectation-based updating.

{FeNO} -Type Halogenido Nitrosyl Ferrates: Syntheses, Bonding, and Photoinduced Linkage Isomerism.

Mononitrosyl-iron compounds (MNICs) of the Enemark-Feltham {FeNO} type can be divided into a doublet (S=1/2) and a quartet (S=3/2) spin variant. The latter relies on weak-field co-ligands such as amine carboxylates. Aqua-only co-ligation appears to exist in the long-known "brown-ring" [Fe(H O) (NO)] cation, which was prepared originally from ferrous salts and NO in sulfuric acid.

Inception of early-life allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is reliant on IL-13CD4 T cells.

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a critical feature of wheezing and asthma in children, but the initiating immune mechanisms remain unconfirmed. We demonstrate that both recombinant interleukin-33 (rIL-33) and allergen [house dust mite (HDM) or ] exposure from day 3 of life resulted in significantly increased pulmonary IL-13CD4 T cells, which were indispensable for the development of AHR. In contrast, adult mice had a predominance of pulmonary LinCD45CD90IL-13 type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) after administration of rIL-33.

Angiomyolipoma rebound tumor growth after discontinuation of everolimus in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex or sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Introduction: The EXIST-2 (NCT00790400) study demonstrated the superiority of everolimus over placebo for the treatment of renal angiomyolipomas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) or sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). This post hoc analysis of EXIST-2 study aimed to assess angiomyolipoma tumor behavior among patients who submitted to continued radiographic examination following discontinuation of everolimus in the noninterventional follow-up phase.

Methods: For patients who discontinued everolimus at the completion of extension phase for reasons other than angiomyolipoma progression, a single CT/MRI scan of the kidney was collected after 1 year of treatment discontinuation.

An orthogonal proteomic survey uncovers novel Zika virus host factors.

Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently emerged as a global health concern owing to its widespread diffusion and its association with severe neurological symptoms and microcephaly in newborns. However, the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the pathogenicity of ZIKV remain largely unknown. Here we use human neural progenitor cells and the neuronal cell line SK-N-BE2 in an integrated proteomics approach to characterize the cellular responses to viral infection at the proteome and phosphoproteome level, and use affinity proteomics to identify cellular targets of ZIKV proteins.

HN O as a Ligand in Mononuclear Hydrogenhyponitrite-κ -N,O Ruthenium Complexes with Bisphosphane Co-Ligands.

The hyponitrite anion is a tentative intermediate in the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N O) catalyzed by nitric-oxide reductase (NOR) in the process of bacterial denitrification. Owing to the considerable number of known coordination modes for the hyponitrito ligand, its actual bonding form in the enzymatic cycle is a point of current discussion. Here, we contribute to the hardly known ligand properties of a key intermediate, the monoprotonated hyponitrite anion.

Transcriptional programming of lipid and amino acid metabolism by the skeletal muscle circadian clock.

Circadian clocks are fundamental physiological regulators of energy homeostasis, but direct transcriptional targets of the muscle clock machinery are unknown. To understand how the muscle clock directs rhythmic metabolism, we determined genome-wide binding of the master clock regulators brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) and REV-ERBα in murine muscles. Integrating occupancy with 24-hr gene expression and metabolomics after muscle-specific loss of BMAL1 and REV-ERBα, here we unravel novel molecular mechanisms connecting muscle clock function to daily cycles of lipid and protein metabolism.

Zn-triggered self-assembly of Gonadorelin [6-D-Phe] to produce nanostructures and fibrils.

A synthetic derivative, GnRH [6-D-Phe], stable against enzymatic degradation, self-assembles and forms nanostructures and fibrils upon a pH shift in the presence of different concentrations of Zn in vitro. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) revealed the existence of higher order assembly of Zn: GnRH [6-D-Phe]. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) indicated a weak interaction between Zn and GnRH [6-D-Phe].