980 results match your criteria: "Ludwig-Maximilians University LMU[Affiliation]"

Segmentation, tracking and cell cycle analysis of live-cell imaging data with Cell-ACDC.

BMC Biol

August 2022

Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.

Background: High-throughput live-cell imaging is a powerful tool to study dynamic cellular processes in single cells but creates a bottleneck at the stage of data analysis, due to the large amount of data generated and limitations of analytical pipelines. Recent progress on deep learning dramatically improved cell segmentation and tracking. Nevertheless, manual data validation and correction is typically still required and tools spanning the complete range of image analysis are still needed.

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Introduction: Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid formed in the intermediary metabolism of methionine. Amino acid metabolism and heme biosynthesis pathways are complexly intertwined. Plasma homocysteine elevation, (HHcy), has been reported in patients with acute hepatic porphyria (AHP), a family of rare genetic disorders caused by defects in hepatic heme biosynthesis.

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Lysosomes are cell organelles that degrade macromolecules to recycle their components. If lysosomal degradative function is impaired, e.g.

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Dopamine Transporter Knockout Rats Show Impaired Wellbeing in a Multimodal Severity Assessment Approach.

Front Behav Neurosci

July 2022

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

In preclinical psychiatry research, animals are central to modeling and understanding biological mechanisms of behavior and psychiatric disorders. We here present the first multimodal severity assessment of a genetically modified rat strain used in psychiatric research, lacking the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene and showing endophenotypes of several dopamine-associated disorders. Absence of the DAT leads to high extracellular dopamine (DA) levels and has been associated with locomotor hyperactivity, compulsive behaviors and stereotypies in the past.

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Purpose: Osteoporosis is prevalent and entails alterations of vertebral bone and marrow. Yet, the spine is also a common site of metastatic spread. Parameters that can be non-invasively measured and could capture these alterations are the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as an estimate of relative fat content, and failure displacement and load from finite element analysis (FEA) for assessment of bone strength.

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Most metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients succumb to refractory disease due to secondary chemotherapy resistance. To elucidate the molecular changes associated with secondary resistance, we recruited 64 patients with mCRC and hepatic metastases before standard first-line chemotherapy between 2014 and 2018. We subjected DNA from primary tumor specimens (P), hepatic metastasis specimens after treatment (M), and liquid biopsies (L) taken prior to (pre), during (intra), and after (post) treatment to next generation sequencing.

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Article Synopsis
  • Heme is a crucial molecule for cellular function, and its synthesis is essential for metabolic processes; disruptions in this synthesis lead to porphyrias, which can affect normal metabolism.
  • Diagnosing porphyrias is often challenging and can result in delayed treatment; over the past 50 years, multiple therapeutic strategies have been developed to address these disorders.
  • Recent advances include therapies like glucose infusion, heme replacement, and innovative technologies such as siRNA, protein replacement, mRNA techniques, and proteostasis regulators to improve treatment outcomes.
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PARP14 is a novel target in STAT6 mutant follicular lymphoma.

Leukemia

September 2022

Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany.

The variable clinical course of follicular lymphoma (FL) is determined by the molecular heterogeneity of tumor cells and complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). IL-4 producing follicular helper T cells (T) are critical components of the FL TME. Binding of IL-4 to IL-4R on FL cells activates JAK/STAT signaling.

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Given the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a deeper analysis of the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 is important to improve our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended genome-wide association meta-analysis of a well-characterized cohort of 3255 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12 488 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany/Austria, including stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity, as well as targeted analyses of chromosome Y haplotypes, the human leukocyte antigen region and the SARS-CoV-2 peptidome. By inversion imputation, we traced a reported association at 17q21.

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Markers of Immune Cell Exhaustion as Predictor of Survival in Surgically-Treated Early-Stage NSCLC.

Front Immunol

July 2022

Department of Medicine V, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.

Background: Tumor tissue as well as regional lymph nodes are removed during curative surgery for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These tissues provide a unique snapshot of the immune cell composition at the time of surgery. We investigated the immune landscape in matched tumor tissue, tumor bearing (tb) and non-tumor bearing (ntb) N1 as well as N2 lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with NSCLC and its relation to survival.

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Prevalence of Patients with Uncontrolled Asthma Despite NVL/GINA Step 4/5 Treatment in Germany.

J Asthma Allergy

July 2022

Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.

Purpose: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in Germany affecting 4-5% of all adults and 10% of children. Despite the availability of biologicals in recent years, studies show patients with inadequately controlled severe asthma in real life. The aim of the current study was to characterize and estimate the number of patients with NVL/GINA level 4 or 5 asthma and signs of poor control in Germany.

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Unlabelled: We aimed to describe characteristics and management of children with comorbidities attending European emergency departments (EDs) with fever. MOFICHE (Management and Outcome of Fever in children in Europe) is a prospective multicentre study (12 European EDs, 8 countries). Febrile children with comorbidities were compared to those without in terms of patient characteristics, markers of disease severity, management, and diagnosis.

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Lessons learned: the first consecutive 1000 patients of the CCCMunich Molecular Tumor Board.

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

May 2023

Department of Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC Munich LMU), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.

Purpose: In 2016, the University of Munich Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) was implemented to initiate a precision oncology program. This review of cases was conducted to assess clinical implications and functionality of the program, to identify current limitations and to inform future directions of these efforts.

Methods: Charts, molecular profiles, and tumor board decisions of the first 1000 consecutive cases (01/2016-03/2020) were reviewed.

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This chapter describes the feasibility, utilization, and value of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) in cerebrovascular cases. Practical advice on the integration of these adjunct methods into the modern neurosurgical operating room is based on our own neurophysiologic and neurosurgical experience. Most IONM is done for anterior circulation aneurysms.

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Intraoperative mapping and monitoring during brain tumor surgeries.

Handb Clin Neurol

July 2022

Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Many different methodologies and paradigms are available to guide surgery of supratentorial tumors with the aim to preserve quality of life of the patients and to increase the extent of tumor resection. Neurophysiologic monitoring techniques (such as different evoked potentials) may help to continuously assess functional integrity of the observed systems and warn about vascular injury. For neurophysiologic mapping methods, the focus is not only to preserve cortical sites, but also to prevent injury to subcortical pathways.

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Electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocorticography (ECoG) are two important neurophysiologic techniques used in the operating room for monitoring and mapping electrical brain activity. In this chapter, we detail their principle, recording methodology, and address specifics of their interpretation in the intraoperative setting (e.g.

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Purpose: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is utilized for staging and treatment planning of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Some older publications on the prognostic relevance showed inconclusive results, most probably due to small study sizes. This study evaluates the prognostic and potentially predictive value of FDG-PET in a large multi-center analysis.

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Background: Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) with a superiority of graft survival after living kidney donation (LKD) compared to deceased donation. However, a large part of potential donors and recipients are ineligible for LKD. Here, we analyze the leading causes for disqualification of potential living donor-recipient pairs from the LKD program and the health-related consequences for ESKD patients excluded from the LKD program in a German transplant center.

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Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Non-Severe Hemophilia.

J Clin Med

June 2022

Onco-Hematology Research Unit, Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, Children Emergency Hospital "Louis Turcanu" Timisoara, European Hemophilia Treatment Centre, 300011 Timisoara, Romania.

(1) Background: Mild and moderate hemophilia, synonymous with non-severe hemophilia (NSH), are of constant interest for the clinicians. Bleeding occurs usually after trauma, injury, surgery, or inhibitor development, sometimes leading to a shift of the clinical phenotype from mild to severe, even with life-threatening and unexpected outcomes. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study conducted on 112 persons with congenital coagulopathies, 26 of them with NSH, admitted to our clinic in the period 2000 to 2022.

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Background: Variants in genes of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway have been associated with heterogeneous clinical presentations ranging from xeroderma pigmentosum to Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy. NER deficiencies manifest with photosensitivity and skin cancer, but also developmental delay and early-onset neurological degeneration. Adult-onset neurological features have been reported in only a few xeroderma pigmentosum cases, all showing at least mild skin manifestations.

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Background: The healing of an extraction socket leads to alveolar ridge resorption that can hinder future implant placement and further rehabilitation with special concerns in diabetes mellitus. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been developed as a new material for alveolar socket augmentation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CoQ10 hydrogel on bone regeneration after extraction of mandibular teeth in Type II diabetic patients.

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Liver Transplant Oncology: Towards Dynamic Tumor-Biology-Oriented Patient Selection.

Cancers (Basel)

May 2022

Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.

While liver transplantation was initially considered as a curative treatment modality only for hepatocellular carcinoma, the indication has been increasingly extended to other tumor entities over recent years, most recently to the treatment of non-resectable colorectal liver metastases. Although oncologic outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) are consistently good, organ shortage forces stringent selection of suitable candidates. Dynamic criteria based on tumor biology fulfill the prerequisite of an individual oncological prediction better than traditional morphometric criteria based on tumor burden.

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Cytokine aerobics: Oxidation controls cytokine dynamics and function.

Structure

June 2022

Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany. Electronic address:

In this issue of Structure, Skeens et al. provide insights into the structure and dynamics of an oxidized form of the atypical cytokine macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF). The study unveils a surprising conformational susceptibility of MIF to ambient redox alterations and identifies redox-sensitive residues and latent allostery sites with functional relevance.

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