Genetic Analysis of Retinal Cell Types in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Importance: As an accessible part of the central nervous system, the retina provides a unique window to study pathophysiological mechanisms of brain disorders in humans. Imaging and electrophysiological studies have revealed retinal alterations across several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, but it remains largely unclear which specific cell types and biological mechanisms are involved.

Objective: To determine whether specific retinal cell types are affected by genomic risk for neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders and to explore the mechanisms through which genomic risk converges in these cell types.

Evaluation of keratometric and total corneal astigmatism measurements from optical biometers and anterior segment tomographers and mapping to reconstructed corneal astigmatism vector components.

Purpose: To investigate different measures for corneal astigmatism in the context of reconstructed corneal astigmatism (recCP) as required to correct the pseudophakic eye, and to derive prediction models to map measured corneal astigmatism to recCP.

Methods: Retrospective single centre study of 509 eyes of 509 cataract patients with monofocal (MX60P) IOL. Corneal power measured with the IOLMaster 700 keratometry (IOLMK), and Galilei G4 keratometry (GK), total corneal power (TCP2), and Alpin's integrated front (CorT) and total corneal power (CorTTP).

Characterizing of dropouts in the mental health of refugees and asylum seekers (MEHIRA) study examining the effects of a stepped and collaborative care model - a multicentered rater-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dropout from healthcare interventions can negatively affect patients and healthcare providers through impaired trust in the healthcare system and ineffective use of resources. Research on this topic is still largely missing on refugees and asylum seekers. The current study aimed to characterize predictors for dropout in the Mental Health in Refugees and Asylum Seekers (MEHIRA) study, one of the largest multicentered controlled trials investigating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a nationwide stepped and collaborative care model.

Molecular Docking and Experimental Analysis of Essential Oil-Based Preparations on Biofilm Formation on Orthodontic Archwires.

Good oral hygiene is crucial during treatment with fixed appliances, emphasising the need for additional or alternative oral health methods during orthodontic treatment. This study investigates the effect of essential oil (EO)-based preparations on biofilm adhesion to orthodontic archwires. Five identical-sized orthodontic archwires of different materials were tested using therapeutic and preventive applications of essential oils.

The Effect of Resistance and/or Aerobic Training on Quality of Life, Fitness, and Body Composition in Prostate Cancer Patients-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Prostate cancer (PC) and its treatment are often associated with side effects such as fatigue, muscle loss, and diminished quality of life (QoL). Physical exercise, particularly resistance training (RT) and aerobic training (AT), has been suggested as a strategy to mitigate these effects. However, the comparative efficacy of RT, AT, and combined RT/AT on QoL, body composition, physical fitness, and laboratory markers in PC patients is still insufficiently understood.

Implementation Strategies and Ergonomic Factors in Robot-assisted Microsurgery.

Robot-assisted surgery represents a significant innovation in reconstructive microsurgery, providing enhanced precision and reduced surgeon fatigue. This study examines the integration of robotic assistance in a series of 85 consecutive robot-assisted microsurgical (RAMS) operations. It aims to evaluate changes in the integration of RAMS during the implementation phase in a single institution.

Impact of Synchronized Radiofrequency and High-Intensity Facial Electrical Stimulation on Facial Muscles and the Superficial Fascial System in the Midface.

Background: Midfacial aging involves skeletal changes, muscle weakening, and fat redistribution, resulting in volume loss, skin sagging, and deepened nasolabial folds. High-Intensity Facial Electrical Stimulation (HIFES) combined with Radiofrequency (RF) is a novel non-invasive method to address these changes by enhancing muscle mass and remodeling subcutaneous tissue.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of HIFES and Synchronized RF in improving midfacial aesthetics, specifically muscle thickness, skin displacement, and facial volume.

Proteomic and Metabolomic Signatures in Prediabetes Progressing to Diabetes or Reversing to Normoglycemia Within 1 Year.

Objective: Progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes has been associated with β-cell dysfunction, whereas its remission to normoglycemia has been related to improvement of insulin sensitivity. To understand the mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers related to prediabetes trajectories, we compared the proteomics and metabolomics profile of people with prediabetes progressing to diabetes or reversing to normoglycemia within 1 year.

Research Design And Methods: The fasting plasma concentrations of 1,389 proteins and the fasting, 30-min, and 120-min post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) plasma concentrations of 152 metabolites were measured in up to 134 individuals with new-onset diabetes, prediabetes, or normal glucose tolerance.

Spatial proteomics reveals sirtuin 1 to be a determinant of T-cell infiltration in human melanoma.

Background: The tumour microenvironment significantly influences the clinical response of patients to therapeutic immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), but a comprehensive understanding of the underlying immune-regulatory proteome is still lacking.

Objectives: To decipher targetable biologic processes that determine tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TiLs) as a cellular equivalent of clinical response to ICI.

Methods: We mapped the spatial distribution of proteins in TiL-enriched vs.

Sustained Vascular Inflammatory Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on Human Endothelial Cells.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with systemic inflammation and vascular injury, which contribute to the development of acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) and the mortality of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, multiorgan complications due to persistent endothelial dysfunction have been suspected as the cause of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, elucidation of the vascular inflammatory effect of SARS-CoV-2 will increase our understanding of how endothelial cells (ECs) contribute to the short- and long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The case for neurons: a no-go theorem for consciousness on a chip.

We apply the methodology of no-go theorems as developed in physics to the question of artificial consciousness. The result is a no-go theorem which shows that under a general assumption, called dynamical relevance, Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that run on contemporary computer chips cannot be conscious. Consciousness is dynamically relevant, simply put, if, according to a theory of consciousness, it is relevant for the temporal evolution of a system's states.

Survival after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection in octogenarians.

Objective: To evaluate the benefits of surgical repair acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) on survival of octogenarians.

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for acute ATAAD from the multicenter European Registry of Type A Aortic Dissection (ERTAAD) were the subjects of the present analysis.

Results: 326 (8.

Malnutrition Diagnosed via Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) Criteria - Association with Clinical Outcomes and Predictive Value: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews.

Objectives: Malnutrition is very common in people with cancer. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) recommendation on criteria has been proposed as a gold standard for diagnosing malnutrition. The diagnosis of malnutrition includes phenotypic criteria such as unintentional weight loss and etiologic criteria such as reduced food intake.

The Molecular Basis of the Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to Azole Antifungals in .

is intrinsically resistant to the widely used antifungal fluconazole, and therapeutic failure can result from acquired resistance to voriconazole, the primary treatment for invasive aspergillosis. The molecular basis of substrate specificity and innate and acquired resistance of to azole drugs were addressed using crystal structures, molecular models, and expression in of the sterol 14α-demethylase isoforms AfCYP51A and AfCYP51B targeted by azole drugs, together with their cognate reductase AfCPRA2 and AfERG6 (sterol 24-C-methyltransferase). As predicted by molecular modelling, functional expression of CYP51A and B required eburicol and not lanosterol.

Successful Therapy over 12 Months of People with Cystic Fibrosis with Rare Non-phe508del Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Mutations with Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI).

Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) is a CFTR modulator therapy approved for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) who have at least one phe508del mutation. However, its approval in the European Union (EU) for pwCF with non-phe508del mutations is lacking, because data on treatment response in this subgroup are scarce. This retrospective observational study evaluated six pwCF (ages 6 to 66) with responsive CFTR mutations (M1101K, R347P, 2789+5G>A, G551D) undergoing off-label ETI therapy.

ProQ-associated small RNAs control motility in Vibrio cholerae.

Gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level is prevalent in all domains of life. In bacteria, ProQ-like proteins have emerged as important RNA chaperones facilitating RNA stability and RNA duplex formation. In the major human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, post-transcriptional gene regulation is key for virulence, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance, yet the role of ProQ has not been studied.

A bibliometric analysis of research trends and hotspots of pilocytic astrocytoma from 2004 to 2023.

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a WHO grade I neoplasm with a favorable prognosis. It is the most common pediatric benign tumor. Recently, PA has attracted more and more attention and discussion from scholars.

Clinical-scale, modular manufacturing of tumor-reactive TILs using a closed and automated culture system.

Recent studies have revealed the potential of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to treat solid tumors effectively and safely. However, the translation of TIL therapy for patients is still hampered by non-standardized and laborious manufacturing procedures that are expensive and produce highly variable cellular products. To address these limitations, the CliniMACS Prodigy Tumor Reactive T cell (TRT) Process has been developed.

Armoring chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells as micropharmacies for cancer therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has emerged as a powerful weapon in the fight against cancer. However, its efficacy is often hindered by challenges such as limited tumor penetration, antigen escape, and immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment. This review explores the potential of armored CAR-T cells, or 'micropharmacies', in overcoming these obstacles and enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of adoptive T-cell (ATC) therapy.

BMIgap: a new tool to quantify transdiagnostic brain signatures of current and future weight.

Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of weight gain could reduce excess mortality and improve long-term trajectories of psychiatric disorders. We used support-vector machines and whole-brain voxel-wise grey matter volume to generate and validate a BMI predictor in healthy individuals (N = 1504) and applied it to individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ,N = 146), clinical high-risk states for psychosis (CHR,N = 213) and recent-onset depression (ROD,N = 200). We computed BMIgap (BMI-BMI), interrogated its brain-level overlaps with SCZ and explored whether BMIgap predicted weight gain at 1- and 2-year follow-up.

DNA Origami Colloidal Crystals: Opportunities and Challenges.

Over the last three decades, colloidal crystallization has provided an easy-to-craft platform for mesoscale engineering of photonic and phononic crystals. Nevertheless, the crystal lattices achieved thus far with commodity colloids are largely limited to symmetric and densely packed structures, restricting their functionalities. To obtain non-close-packed crystals and the resulting complexity of the available structures, directional binding between "patchy" colloids has been pursued.

40 Hz Visual Stimulation During Sleep Evokes Neuronal Gamma Activity in NREM and REM Stages.

Study Objectives: Visual stimulation at 40 Hz is being tested as a non-invasive approach against dementias such as Alzheimer's disease. Applying it during sleep could increase convenience, duration, and efficacy of stimulation. Here, we tested the feasibility of 40 Hz visual stimulation during sleep in a proof-of-concept study.