Subcortical tau deposition and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein as predictors of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between subcortical tau-positron emission tomography (Tau-PET) and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels and cognitive function in participants with cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) conditions.

Methods: 105 participants with amyloid (Aβ) PET and Tau-PET scans were enrolled. Region of interest (ROI) level and voxel-wise comparisons were performed between those three groups.

Dapagliflozin has protective effects on palmitate-induced renal tubular epithelial cells by enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, commonly utilized for diabetic nephropathy, have demonstrated benefits beyond glucose control, including organ protection. This study investigated the protective effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin (DAPA), on palmitate-induced renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) injury, particularly concentrating on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. HK-2 cells were treated with 150 μmol/L palmitate to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and they were co-treated with 2 μmol/L DAPA for 24 h.

Age-related cataract without surgery is related to exacerbated depression symptoms: a cross-sectional study of Chinese adults from Anhui, China.

Objective: The present study sought to evaluate the relationship between age-related cataracts, a prevalent ocular condition among the elderly, and the occurrence of depressive symptoms within a cohort of Chinese adults residing in Anhui, China.

Methods: A survey involving 252 Chinese individuals aged 65 years and older was conducted at Lu'an People's Hospital. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) consisting of 17 items, while age-related cataracts were clinically classified according to the Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III.

A facial expression recognition network based on attention double branch enhanced fusion.

The facial expression reflects a person's emotion, cognition, and even physiological or mental state to a large extent. It has important application value in medical treatment, business, criminal investigation, education, and human-computer interaction. Automatic facial expression recognition technology has become an important research topic in computer vision.

Association of tooth loss and periodontal disease with all-cause mortality in cancer survivors: A cohort study based on NHANES.

Background: Increasing evidence supports the association between impaired oral health and elevated mortality. However, there is currently a lack of research on the impact of tooth loss and periodontal disease on survival outcomes in cancer survivors. This study aims to clarify the effect of tooth loss and periodontitis on all-cause mortality on cancer survivors.

Crosstalk between GBP2 and M2 macrophage promotes the ccRCC progression.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents a highly heterogeneous kidney malignancy associated with the poorest prognosis. The metastatic potential of advanced ccRCC tumors is notably high, posing significant clinical challenges. There is an urgent imperative to develop novel therapeutic approaches to address ccRCC metastasis.

Reactivation Risk of Latent Tuberculosis or Inactive Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Effectiveness of Ustekinumab in Chinese Plaque Psoriasis Patients: A 28-Week Retrospective, Observational Study.

Introduction: This study observed the effectiveness of ustekinumab and reactivation risk of concurrent latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Chinese mainland psoriasis patients on ustekinumab treatment.

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted in three centers in China. Adult patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were treated with ustekinumab for 28 weeks.

Sign of Neck Mass as the Chief Complaint: A Case Report and Literature Review About Thyroid Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Commonly, the thyroid gland is regarded as an organ with fewer metastatic diseases, and colorectal metastasis to the thyroid (CMT) is rarely reported, especially, with that the clinical sign of thyroid metastasis nidus is the chief complaint. The CMT occurs in advanced colorectal cancer and is associated with poor prognosis and short survival.

Case Report: In this case, we reported a patient with the sign of neck mass as the first manifestation of CMT.

Higher oxidative balance score was associated with decreased risk of erectile dysfunction: a population-based study.

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent condition that is thought to be significantly impacted by oxidative stress. The oxidative balance score (OBS) has been built to characterize the state of antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance. There is less known regarding the relationship of OBS with ED.

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting mortality in patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury: A retrospective analysis.

Background: Recent evidence links the prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) to various factors, including baseline clinical characteristics, TBI specifics, and neuroimaging outcomes. This study focuses on identifying risk factors for short-term survival in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) cases and developing a prognostic model.

Methods: Analyzing 430 acute sTBI patients from January 2018 to December 2023 at the 904th Hospital's Neurosurgery Department, this retrospective case-control study separated patients into survival outcomes: 288 deceased and 142 survivors.

USP39 Promotes the Viability and Migration of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell by Regulating STAT1.

Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 39 (USP39) plays a carcinogenic role in many cancers, but little research has been conducted examining whether it is involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, this study explored the functional role of USP39 in HNSCC. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the HNSCC tumor and adjacent healthy tissues.

Clinical efficacy and safety of erlotinib combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis.

Background: Advanced pancreatic cancer is resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs, resulting in limited treatment efficacy and poor prognosis. Combined administration of the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine and erlotinib is considered a potential first-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. However, their comparative benefits and potential risks remain unclear.

Identification of cell differentiation trajectory-related gene signature to reveal the prognostic significance and immune landscape in prostate cancer based on multiomics analysis.

Background: In the context of prostate cancer (PCa), the occurrence of biochemical recurrence (BCR) stands out as a pivotal factor significantly impacting prognosis, potentially leading to metastasis and mortality. However, the early detection of BCR poses a substantial challenge for PCa patients. There is an urgent need to pinpoint hub genes that can serve as predictive indicators for BCR in PCa patients.

AMPK activation attenuates central sensitization in a recurrent nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine mouse model by promoting microglial M2-type polarization.

Background: Energy metabolism disorders and neurogenic inflammation play important roles in the central sensitization to chronic migraine (CM). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular energy sensor, and its activation regulates inflammation and reduces neuropathic pain. However, studies on the involvement of AMPK in the regulation of CM are currently lacking.

ITGB6 promotes pancreatic fibrosis and aggravates the malignant process of pancreatic cancer via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Integrin β6 (ITGB6) is upregulated in multiple tumor types and elevated ITGB6 levels have been detected in patients with chronic pancreatitis. However, the role of ITGB6 in pancreatic fibrosis and cancer remains to be elucidated. In the present study, ITGB6 expression was assessed using western blotting and qRT-PCR.

Oxidative balance score was negatively associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome severity, and all-cause mortality of patients with metabolic syndrome.

Background: The oxidative balance score (OBS), an encompassing scoring mechanism for assessing oxidative stress, is formulated based on nutritional and lifestyle components. The emergence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is intricately linked to oxidative stress. Nonetheless, the correlation between OBS and MetS displays variability within distinct cohorts.

Acetylated Histone Modifications: Intersection of Diabetes and Atherosclerosis.

Worldwide, type 2 diabetes is predominant form of diabetes, and it is mainly affected by the environment. Furthermore, the offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorder syndrome may have a higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which indicates that the environmental impact on diabetes prevalence can be transmitted across generations. In the process of diabetes onset and intergenerational transmission, the genetic structure of the individual is not directly changed but is regulated by epigenetics.

Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on nutritional status and inflammatory response in patients with stage II-III NSCLC undergoing postoperative chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oral omega-3 fatty acids in lowering the risk of malnutrition and improving the inflammatory response in patients with stage II-III lung cancer receiving postoperative chemotherapy.

Methods: One hundred and three lung cancer patients identified as being at risk for malnutrition according to the 2002 nutritional risk screening criteria were randomized into either the omega-3 fatty acid supplementation group or the placebo group during postoperative chemotherapy. Data on anthropometric parameters, laboratory nutritional indicators, and inflammatory markers were collected, and changes and differences between the two groups were compared and analyzed.

Exploring the network effects of deep brain stimulation for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease.

Background: The research findings on the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) are inconsistent, and there is a lack of research on DBS electrode sites and their network effects for the explanation of the differences. Our objective is to explore the optimal stimulation sites (that is the sweet spot) and the brain network effects of STN-DBS for RBD in PD.

Methods: In this study, among the 50 PD patients who underwent STN-DBS treatment, 24 PD patients with RBD were screened.

Genetic polymorphisms are associated with individual susceptibility to dexmedetomidine.

Dexmedetomidine (DXM) is widely used as an adjuvant to anesthesia or a sedative medicine, and differences in individual sensitivity to the drug exist. This study aimed to investigate the effect of genetic polymorphisms on these differences. A total of 112 patients undergoing hand surgery were recruited.

Cancer cell membrane-coated upconversion nanoparticles/ZnMnS core-shell nanoparticles for targeted photodynamic and chemodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer.

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is promising treatment approach for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is typically insensitive to conventional chemotherapy. In this study, BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell membrane-coated upconversion nanoparticles/ZnMnS core-shell nanoparticles (abbreviated as BUC@ZMS) were developed for tumor-targeted cancer therapy synergistically oxidative stress and overcoming glutathione (GSH) overexpression. Using a combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), the BUC@ZMS core-shell nanoparticles were able to elicit the death of pancreatic cancer cells through the high production of ROS.