Caspase 8 deletion causes infection/inflammation-induced bone marrow failure and MDS-like disease in mice.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of pre-leukemic hematopoietic disorders characterized by cytopenia in peripheral blood due to ineffective hematopoiesis and normo- or hypercellularity and morphologic dysplasia in bone marrow (BM). An inflammatory BM microenvironment and programmed cell death of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are thought to be the major causes of ineffective hematopoiesis in MDS. Pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis (collectively, PANoptosis) are observed in BM tissues of MDS patients, suggesting an important role of PANoptosis in MDS pathogenesis.

Peptidomimetic Oligomers Targeting Membrane Phosphatidylserine Exhibit Broad Antiviral Activity.

The development of durable new antiviral therapies is challenging, as viruses can evolve rapidly to establish resistance and attenuate therapeutic efficacy. New compounds that selectively target conserved viral features are attractive therapeutic candidates, particularly for combating newly emergent viral threats. The innate immune system features a sustained capability to combat pathogens through production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); however, these AMPs have shortcomings that can preclude clinical use.

Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder emerging during COVID-19 pandemic resulting in superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the prevalence of psychiatric disorders within pediatric populations. However, only a limited number of studies have sought to understand the correlation between the pandemic and increased incidence of eating disorders. This case study highlights the hospital course of an 18-year-old female who presented with restrictive eating patterns and intensive exercise regimen, self-attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

Do Orthopaedic In-Training Examination Scores Predict the Likelihood of Passing the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part I Examination? An Update With 2014 to 2018 Data.

Introduction: Previous research shows a correlation in performance between the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) and the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Certifying Examination Part I; however, these studies are not current, with the most recent data from 2009. The purpose of this study was to update the relationship between the OITE and ABOS Part I scores with the five most recent nationwide cohorts of Part I scores and their corresponding OITE scores.

Methods: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons provided the results for each resident taking the OITE from 2013 to 2017.

The road from cytotoxins to immunohistochemistry.

This review article traces the immunohistochemistry ancestry of cytotoxins as antibodies. The immunohistochemistry success, as a diagnostic and research test, stood on the shoulders of negative and positive experimentation results with cytotoxins from the first half of the twentieth century. This is when experimental immunologists came with the understanding of the need for both antigen and antibody purification to achieve specificity of the immunological reaction.

Altered nerve excitability properties after stroke are potentially associated with reduced neuromuscular activation.

Objective: To determine limb differences in motor axon excitability properties in stroke survivors and their relation to maximal electromyographic (EMG) activity.

Methods: The median nerve was stimulated to record compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) from the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) in 28 stroke subjects (57.3 ± 7.

Newborn feeding recommendations and practices increase the risk of development of overweight and obesity.

Background: The prevalence of obesity among infants less than 2 years of age has increased by more than 60% over the last three decades. Obese infants and toddlers are at an increased risk for staying overweight into adolescence and adulthood. Metabolic programming has been demonstrated in animal models whereby early life feeding habits result in life-long changes in hormone balance and metabolism.

Grossing Technology Today and Tomorrow.

Objective: To describe the perspective of grossing technology and highlight the prospective of its development in histology laboratory.

Methods: Analysis of different components of grossing technology.

Results: Increased requirements for a specimen's turnaround time and the advancements in modern processing equipment make the triage of workflow a significant part of a grossing person's responsibilities.

Non-toxigenic (Formerly Clostridium) for Prevention of Infection: From Bench to Bedside Back to Bench and Back to Bedside.

The beneficial effect of colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by non-toxigenic (NTCD) strains as a preventive of toxigenic infection (CDI) has been known since the early 1980s. Investigators in both the USA and United Kingdom demonstrated that prior colonization by randomly selected NTCD strains provided prevention against infection by toxigenic in hamsters, albeit with limited durability. In the 1980s two patients with multiply recurrent CDI in the UK were treated with vancomycin followed by NTCD to prevent further recurrences, with one success and one failure.

Management of Upper Extremities in Tetraplegia: Current Concepts.

Individuals with tetraplegia face many obstacles with activities of daily living. Although approximately 65% to 75% of individuals with tetraplegia would benefit from upper extremity surgery that could make many of their activities of daily living more spontaneous, only 14% of patients who are surgical candidates undergo tendon transfer procedures. A good surgical candidate has an injury at one of the cervical spine levels and an International Classification for Surgery of the Hand in Tetraplegia group of 1 or better, has functional goals, and is committed to the postoperative rehabilitation process.

Associations of Insulin Resistance and Glycemia With Liver Enzymes in Hispanic/Latino Youths: Results From the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth).

Background: Associations of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia with a panel of liver enzymes have not been well studied in a young, heterogenous Hispanic/Latino population. We aimed to assess the associations of insulin resistance and glycemia with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as measured by liver enzymes and the pediatric NAFLD fibrosis index (PNFI), and whether these associations are modified by body mass index and mediated by inflammation or endothelial dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1317 boys and girls aged 8 to 16 years from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth.

Cervical Cancer Screening Rates in a Chart Review of Adolescent Patients at an Academic Institution before and after the Publication of the 2009 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Recommendations.

Objective: Evaluation of compliance with ACOG guidelines against screening for cervical cancer in women before age 21; identification of factors associated with lack of compliance with guidelines.

Methods: A review of 799 charts of women age 14-21 seen for care at our institution in 2009-2010 to determine baseline cervical cytology rates, compliance with publication of 2009 ACOG guidelines recommending against testing in this age group. Clinical data was gathered to identify patient and physician characteristics associated with testing.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) affects global protein synthesis in dividing human cells.

Hypoxic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is dependent on Notch-1 signaling for survival. Targeting Notch-1 by means of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) proved effective in killing hypoxic NSCLC. Post-mortem analysis of GSI-treated, NSCLC-burdened mice suggested enhanced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at threonines 37/46 in hypoxic tumor tissues.

Safety and efficacy of targeted-dose busulfan and bortezomib as a conditioning regimen for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma undergoing a second autologous blood progenitor cell transplantation.

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who relapse after autologous transplantation have limited therapeutic options. We conducted a prospective, multicenter, phase IIa study to investigate the safety and efficacy of i.v.

Multi-institutional 1-year bulbar urethroplasty outcomes using a standardized prospective cystoscopic follow-up protocol.

Objective: To evaluate multi-institutional outcomes of bulbar urethroplasty utilizing a standardized cystoscopic follow-up protocol.

Methods: Eight reconstructive surgeons prospectively enrolled urethral stricture patients in a multi-institutional study and performed postoperative cystoscopy at 3 and 12 months. Anatomic failure was defined as the inability to pass a flexible cystoscope without force.

Development of a laboratory niche Web site.

This technical note presents the development of a methodological laboratory niche Web site. The "Grossing Technology in Surgical Pathology" (www.grossing-technology.

Meeting the needs of a community: teaching evidence-based youth violence prevention initiatives to members of strategic communities.

Youth violence is among the most serious health threats in the nation today. Violence disproportionately affects young people and people of color. Although the national rates of violent injury and homicide have shown a decline in most regions of the United States over the past 15 years, the rates of violence and related injuries among youth remain unacceptably high.

Multimodality Approaches to Treat Hypoxic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Microenvironment.

We found both in vitro and in vivo that survival of NSCLC cells in a hypoxic microenvironment requires Notch-1 signaling. A hypoxic tumor environment represents a problem for NSCLC treatment because it plays a critical role in cancer resistance to chemotherapy, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Here we targeted hypoxic tumor tissue in an orthotopic NSCLC model.

Gut inflammation in response to injury: potential target for therapeutic intervention.

Traumatic injuries present a major public health concern worldwide. A role of gut and/or its derived factors has been suggested in the pathogenesis associated with injury. Injury causes the activation of various signaling pathways along with the release and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in the intestine.

Repeated mirtazapine nullifies the maintenance of previously established methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats.

The atypical antidepressant mirtazapine enhances monoaminergic transmission; thus, mirtazapine therapy may counter the hypo-activation of monoamine systems associated with withdrawal from methamphetamine abuse. Human addiction therapy will likely require chronic administration that is given after brain and behavioral maladaptations are established. To emulate this scenario in rats, we ascertained if acute or repeated mirtazapine treatments could antagonize previously established consequences of repeated methamphetamine.

Inflammatory response in multiple organs in a mouse model of acute alcohol intoxication and burn injury.

This study characterized the inflammatory response after burn injury and determined whether ethanol (EtOH) intoxication at the time of burn injury influences this response. To accomplish this, male mice were gavaged with EtOH (2.9 g/kg) 4 hours before 12 to 15% TBSA sham or burn injury.