Role of B Cells beyond Antibodies in HBV-Induced Oncogenesis: Fulminant Cancer in Common Variable Immunodeficiency-Clinical and Immunotransplant Implications with a Review of the Literature.

Although lymphoma is the most frequent malignancy in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), solid tumors, especially affected by oncogenic viruses, are not considered. Furthermore, in vitro genetic studies and cell cultures are not adequate for immune system and HBV interaction. We adopted a previously introduced clinical model of host-virus interaction (i.

Two Waves of Specific B Cell Memory Immunoreconstruction Observed in Anti-HHV1-3 IgG Kinetics after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background: Humoral memory and specific antibody levels depend on the kind of antigen and individual immunofactors. The presence of IgM antibodies or a fourfold rise in specific IgG levels are generally accepted as diagnostic factors in the serology of acute viral infections. This basic model is not adequate for the herpes virome, especially after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), due to continuous, usually multifocal antigenic stimulation, various donor serostatuses, immunosuppression, and individual immunoreconstitution.

Therapeutic adherence and assessment of satisfaction patients with multiple myeloma treated with immunomodulatory drugs in a "real-world" study: Experiences of the Polish Myeloma Group.

Introduction: Therapeutic adherence (TA) is one of the most important factors influencing the effectiveness of treatment. Oral anti-cancer drugs are increasingly used to treat malignancy including multiple myeloma (MM). Our study aimed to determine TA of patients with MM treated with IMiDs, to identify TA risk factors, and to determine satisfaction with medical care during the treatment with IMiDs.

Salvage autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma performed with stem cells procured after previous high dose therapy - a multicenter report by the Polish Myeloma Study Group.

Salvage autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) constitutes a therapeutic option for a group of well-selected patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). However, if an insufficient number of stem cells were harvested and stored before the first auto-HSCT, stem cells need to be remobilized. Patients diagnosed with MM who following relapse after auto-HSCT, had remobilization and afterward, auto-HSCT with remobilized cells were included in this retrospective analysis.

Cytokine Overproduction and Immune System Dysregulation in alloHSCT and COVID-19 Patients.

The COVID-19 pathomechanism depends on (i) the pathogenicity of the virus, (ii) ability of the immune system to respond to the cytopathic effect of the virus infection, (iii) co-morbidities. Inflammatory cytokine production constitutes a hallmark of COVID-19 that is facilitated by inability of adaptive immunity to control virus invasion. The effect of cytokine release syndrome is deleterious, but the severity of it depends on other confounding factors: age and comorbidities.

Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine-A Pilot Study.

Twenty individuals (17 females, 3 males, aged 31-65 years (range), median: 46) who received both doses of the BioNTech Pfizer mRNA vaccine were examined (11 to 31 days, median: 25) after the second dose for the presence of antibodies against peptides of SARS-COV-2 and some of MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV1, HCov229E, and HCoVNL63. Clinical evaluation revealed that six people had COVID-19 in the past. We found that: (i) Six people claimed the presence of unwanted effects of vaccination, which were more frequent in those with a history of COVID-19 (4 out of 6 vs.

Feasibility and Outcomes of a Third Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Analysis from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Few therapeutic options are available for patients with acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia (AML/ALL) relapsing after a second allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT2). In selected patients a third allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT3) has been used, but no detailed analysis is available so far. The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) registry was screened for patients with acute leukemia (AL) receiving alloSCT3 from an identical or alternative donor to treat AL in either haematological relapse or disease persistence after alloSCT2 between 2001 and 2018.

Shared epitope and polymorphism of and encoding genes in Greek and Polish patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The present study aimed to analyse and compare the distribution of MICA (rs1051792) and NKG2D/KLRK1 (rs1154831, rs1049174, rs2255336) polymorphisms in 61 Greek and 100 Polish patients with rheumatoid arthritis in relation to the presence of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and clinical parameters. Genotyping of selected polymorphism was performed using real-time PCR. HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles segregated differently in Greek and Polish patients but in both populations were detected in over 60% of cases.

CD14 + HLADR - blood values in patients after alloHSCT are highly predictive of survival and infectious complications.

Background: Cytokine storm described in patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is associated with the appearance of CD14 + HLADR - in the blood.

Methods: To study the role of CD14 + HLADR - cells 223 patients after alloHSCT followed from 1 month to 15 years. The methods used included flow cytometry for blood cells profiling, nucleic acid tests for viral reactivation, and physician care according to the Polish and international guidelines.

Ability of the immune system to fight viruses highlighted by cytometry and T-cell receptor clonotype assessment: lessons taken before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak.

The intriguing aspects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) are the high rate of spread and rapid progression of pneumonitis. Confronted with thousands of deaths daily worldwide, we have to quickly build the rationale behind the treatment, taking advantage of past analogues. When a new virus strikes, T‑cell receptor γδ cells are in the first line of defense, activated by stress molecules and recognizing some epitopes in a process that is major histocompatibility complex-independent but still specific, eg, cytomegalovirus, as well as participating in the regulatory mechanism-both characteristics are useful in fighting SARS‑CoV‑2.

Infectious Complications in Patients With Multiple Myeloma After High-Dose Chemotherapy Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplant: Nationwide Study of the Infectious Complications Study Group of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) has become a chronic disease in majority of patients, and remission consolidation with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ASCT) remains the backbone of treatment in transplant-eligible patients.

Objective: The aim of this multicenter cross-sectional nationwide retrospective study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, and outcome of infections in patients with MM undergoing ASCT in 13 Polish transplant centers, carried out on behalf of the Infectious Complications Study Group of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group.

Methods: A total number of consecutive 1374 patients with MM treated in Polish adult transplant centers from 2012 to 2014 were followed for infectious complications up to day +100 after ASCT in nationwide study.

Diverse Activity of IL-17 Cells in Chronic Skin and Mucosa Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Excessive inflammatory environment in a course of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is associated with T-cell trafficking into inflamed tissues. This study focused on the identification of IL-17-producing cells in the tissue biopsies of cGvHD patients. Forty-one biopsy specimens of cGvHD lesions of the skin (n = 27), gastrointestinal tract (n = 9) and oral mucosa (n = 5), examined in 24 patients, were morphologically defined according to the NIH criteria and analyzed for the presence of cellular infiltrations including: IL-17, FOXP3 and CCR6 cells.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for CD40 ligand deficiency: Results from an EBMT/ESID-IEWP-SCETIDE-PIDTC study.

Background: CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency, an X-linked primary immunodeficiency, causes recurrent sinopulmonary, Pneumocystis and Cryptosporidium species infections. Long-term survival with supportive therapy is poor. Currently, the only curative treatment is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

CMV-Specific Immune Response-New Patients, New Insight: Central Role of Specific IgG during Infancy and Long-Lasting Immune Deficiency after Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Although the existing paradigm states that cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is under the control of the cellular immune response, the role of humoral and innate counterparts are underestimated. The study analyzed the host⁻virus interaction i.e.

Correction to: Passive blood anaphylaxis: subcutaneous immunoglobulins are a cause of ongoing passive anaphylactic reaction.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13223-017-0213-x.].

The sorafenib anti-relapse effect after alloHSCT is associated with heightened alloreactivity and accumulation of CD8+PD-1+ (CD279+) lymphocytes in marrow.

We studied three FLT3 ITD acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who relapsed after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and received multikinase inhibitor (MKI) sorafenib as part of salvage therapy. MKI was given to block the effect of FLT3 ITD mutation which powers proliferation of blast cells. However, the known facts that sorafenib is more effective in patents post alloHSCT suggested that this MKI can augment the immune system surveillance on leukaemia.

Elizabethkingia miricola as an opportunistic oral pathogen associated with superinfectious complications in humoral immunodeficiency: a case report.

Background: Elizabethkingia miricola is a rare Gram-negative bacterium found in water and clinical specimens. Typical culturing methods often misidentify Elizabethkingia spp. as Flavobacterium or Chryseobacterium.

Passive blood anaphylaxis: subcutaneous immunoglobulins are a cause of ongoing passive anaphylactic reaction.

Background: Allergic, especially anaphylactic, reactions during immunoglobulin replacement therapy are rare, but their pathophysiology and classification remain ambiguous. Recent findings show positive results of skin tests with commercially available immunoglobulins, but target antigens and responsible compounds of the tested immunoglobulins have not been strictly identified.

Case Description And Findings: Four adult patients with recently diagnosed common variable immunodeficiency qualified for standard subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy regimen.

A Multicentre Study on the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of IqYmune®, a Highly Purified 10% Liquid Intravenous Immunoglobulin, in Patients with Primary Immune Deficiency.

This multicentre, open-label, prospective, single-arm study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety of IqYmune®, a highly purified 10% polyvalent immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous administration in patients with primary immunodeficiency. IqYmune® was administered to 62 patients (aged 2-61 years) with X-linked agammaglobulinemia or common variable immune deficiency at a dose from 0.22 to 0.