3,923 results match your criteria: "Low-Grade Astrocytoma"

Background: Gliomas are a major cause of cancer-related death among children, adolescents, and young adults (age 0-40 years). Primary mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) is a pan-cancer mechanism with unique biology and therapeutic opportunities. We aimed to determine the extent and impact of primary MMRD in gliomas among children, adolescents, and young adults.

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Segmentation of Low-Grade Brain Tumors Using Mutual Attention Multimodal MRI.

Sensors (Basel)

November 2024

Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.

Early detection and precise characterization of brain tumors play a crucial role in improving patient outcomes and extending survival rates. Among neuroimaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for brain tumor diagnostics due to its ability to produce high-contrast images across a variety of sequences, each highlighting distinct tissue characteristics. This study focuses on enabling multimodal MRI sequences to advance the automatic segmentation of low-grade astrocytomas, a challenging task due to their diffuse and irregular growth patterns.

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Neuroplasticity is well established in low grade glioma patients. Less is known about functional plasticity in glioblastomas. A 56-year-old lady presented with a recurrent speech deficit seventeen months after her initial craniotomy for a language eloquent glioblastoma (GBM).

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The Expression Profiles and Clinical Significance of Mixed Lineage Kinases in Glioma.

Mediators Inflamm

November 2024

The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Mixed lineage kinases (MLKs), part of the MAP3K family, are linked to cancer progression but their specific functions in glioblastoma (GBM) remain unclear.
  • Our study used bioinformatics to assess MLK expression in low-grade gliomas and GBM, revealing that MLK1-2 are downregulated in GBM and correlate with better patient survival, while ZAK's expression rises in contrast.
  • We developed a risk score model for predicting patient outcomes and confirmed the antitumor effects of MLK1-2, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets in glioma treatment.
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Hypothalamic gliomas, though rare, present significant challenges in neuro-oncology due to their critical location and high morbidity risk. Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common subtype, requiring a delicate balance between tumor control and preservation of neurological function. This study explores radiosurgery as a viable treatment option for hypothalamic gliomas, with a focus on low-grade lesions.

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The frequency and duration of imaging surveillance in children and adolescents with pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) aims for the early detection of recurrence or progression. Although surveillance of pLGGs is performed routinely, it is not yet standardized. The aim of the current review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of published studies regarding the optimal frequency, intervals, and duration of surveillance.

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Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors (RGNTs) with FGFR1 tyrosine kinase domain internal tandem duplication (FGFR1 ITD) is exceedingly rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Hereby we present a case of a tumor with RGNT morphology occurring in area of septum pellucidum of 43-year-old male. The tumor showed FGFR1 ITD, no PIK3CA, PIK3R1 or NF1 alterations and inconclusive methylation profile with match for class of "low-grade glial/glioneuronal/neuroepithelial tumors".

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Genetic association between mitochondrial DNA copy number and glioma risk: insights from causality.

BMC Cancer

November 2024

Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigated the link between mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and the development of glioma and glioblastoma (GBM) using data from large health datasets.
  • The analysis found no significant causal relationship between mtDNA-CN and glioma or low-grade glioma, while a potential association with GBM was suggested.
  • The results were confirmed through various robust statistical analyses, leading to the conclusion that while mtDNA-CN does not impact glioma risk, it may play a role in the development of GBM.
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C1GALT1 high expression enhances the progression of glioblastoma through the EGFR-AKT/ERK cascade.

Cell Signal

January 2025

School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical Colloge, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China. Electronic address:

Core1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) is an essential glycotransferase controlling the elongation of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation and its altered expression contributes tumor progression in various cancers. However, the mechanism how C1GALT1 influences gliomas remains unclear. Here,our results from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) database showed that the expression of C1GALT1 was increased in higher grade gliomas namely glioblastoma compared with low grade gliomas or non-tumor tissues and significantly associated with poor survival.

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Peritumoral Brain Zone in Astrocytoma: Morphology, Molecular Aspects, and Clinical Manifestations (Review).

Sovrem Tekhnologii Med

November 2024

MD, PhD, Neurosurgeon, Neurosurgery Unit, University Clinic; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Assistant, M.V. Kolokoltsev Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics, and Neurosurgery; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Oncologist, Outpatient Department; Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Dispensary, 11/1 Delovaya St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603163, Russia.

A peritumoral brain zone is an area between a tumor and nontumorous brain tissue with tumor cell infiltration. The identification of this area is sufficiently difficult due to the lack of clear morphological or some other criteria. Besides, its dimensions may vary considerably.

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The prognostic impact of CDKN2A/B hemizygous deletions in IDH-mutant glioma.

Neuro Oncol

November 2024

German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, Heidelberg, Germany.

Background: Homozygous deletions of CDKN2A/B are known to predict poor prognosis in gliomas, but the impact of hemizygous deletions is less clear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of hemizygous CDKN2A/B deletions in IDH-mutant low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.

Methods: Tissue samples diagnosed as astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, 1p/19q co-deleted CNS WHO grade 2 and 3 were collected from the archives of the Institute of Neuropathology in Heidelberg.

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Introduction: Spinal low-grade gliomas (sLGGs) are a group of tumors that arise from glial cells in the spinal cord. Current evidence supporting the use of adjuvant radiotherapy for the management of sLGG is lacking. We hence aimed to compare overall survival rates in patients receiving surgery alone with those receiving surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy.

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5-Aminolevulinic acid-guided surgery for adult gliomas has been approved by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration, becoming a reliable tool for improving gross total resection rates and patient outcomes. This has led several medical centers to explore the off-label use of 5-ALA in the resection of pediatric brain tumors, assessing its efficacy and safety across various tumor types. However, given the differences between children and adults, the appropriateness of 5-ALA use in pediatric populations has not yet been fully established.

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Background: The incidence rate of primary intramedullary spinal cord astrocytoma (IMSCA) is approximately 0.047 per 100,000 individuals per year, making it the second most common type of intramedullary spinal cord tumor. Due to its rarity, there is a scarcity of related research, and prognostic factors remain unclear.

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Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a rare, low-grade glioma typically associated with tuberous sclerosis (TS) and mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. It is characterized by an intraventricular location, an expansive growth pattern, and the expression of glial and neural markers. TTF-1 expression is considered a sensitive marker of SEGA, likely reflecting its origin from progenitor cells in the caudothalamic groove.

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Background: Seizures are prevalent in glioma patients, especially in those with low-grade gliomas. The interaction between gliomas and epilepsy involves complex biological mechanisms that are not fully understood.

Methods: We collected Genome-Wide Association Study data for epilepsy and gliomas, performed differential expression analysis, and conducted Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis on the identified genes.

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Article Synopsis
  • Temozolomide treatment for IDH-mutant gliomas can lead to complications like hypermutation and malignant transformation, but the progression of untreated low-grade gliomas is not well-explored.
  • A study analyzed tumors from 19 patients with IDH-mutant Grade 2 astrocytomas that were not treated with temozolomide or radiotherapy prior to recurrence, revealing that most recurrences were of a higher grade and frequently featured new copy number variations (CNVs) not found in the original tumors.
  • The research found that out of 19 cases, 89.5% exhibited significant genetic alterations at recurrence, but no hypermutation occurred, suggesting that untreated IDH-mutant astrocytomas
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Background: NF1 inactivation is associated with sensitivity to MEK inhibitor targeted therapy in low-grade and some high-grade gliomas. NF1 loss may also be a harbinger of exploitable vulnerabilities in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM). Accurate and consistent detection of NF1 loss, however, is fraught given the large gene size, challenges with complete coverage and variant calling upon sequencing, and mechanisms of mRNA and protein regulation that result in early degradation in the absence of genomic alterations.

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Functional and oncological outcomes following more than three consecutive surgical resections for multiple relapses of initially grade 2 IDH-mutated gliomas.

Acta Neurochir (Wien)

October 2024

Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, 34295, France.

Background: Second and third surgeries were demonstrated as safe and efficient in recurrent diffuse low-grade glioma (LGG). Here, the feasibility of more than 3 resections is investigated.

Methods: Patients who underwent 4 or 5 operations for recurrent initially WHO grade 2 IDH-mutated gliomas were consecutively selected.

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Spinal cord pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a rare, low-grade tumor in adults, typically presenting with a cystic component. Correct diagnosis is crucial, as gross total resection may improve survival rates. We report the case of a 44-year-old patient with chronic neck and arm pain, along with hypoesthesia on the left side, initially suspected of having myelitis based on MRI findings.

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Brain tumors, particularly Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and Low-Grade Gliomas (LGG), present significant clinical challenges due to their aggressive nature and resistance to conventional treatments. Traditional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are often limited in efficacy, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), offers a targeted and potentially more effective approach.

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Article Synopsis
  • Brain tumor survivors who underwent radiotherapy may face accelerated aging and symptom burdens, prompting a study on the impact of environmental enrichment on their health outcomes.
  • The study involved 39 participants diagnosed with low-grade gliomas, analyzing factors like social networks, physical activity, and financial stability, and their relationship to cognitive and overall health.
  • Results showed trends indicating that higher levels of environmental enrichment correlated with better health outcomes, suggesting the need for future research to explore this association more deeply over time.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors Classification 5 edition (2021) integrates both molecular and histopathological criteria for diagnosing glial tumors. This updated classification highlights significant differences between pediatric and adult gliomas in terms of molecular characteristics and prognostic implications. The 5 edition comprises a new category of pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma (PDLGG) and pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma (PDHGG), classified mainly based on genetic alterations and histopathological features.

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