Evaluation of Theta EEG Neurofeedback Procedure for Cognitive Training Using Simultaneous fMRI in Counterbalanced Active-Sham Study Design.

Evaluation of mechanisms of action of EEG neurofeedback (EEG-nf) using simultaneous fMRI is highly desirable to ensure its effective application for clinical rehabilitation and therapy. Counterbalancing training runs with active neurofeedback and sham (neuro)feedback for each participant is a promising approach to demonstrate specificity of training effects to the active neurofeedback. We report the first study in which EEG-nf procedure is both evaluated using simultaneous fMRI and controlled via the counterbalanced active-sham study design.

Dietary Pattern, Sputum DNA Methylation, and Lung Health: An Epidemiological Study in People Who Ever Smoked.

Background: We previously identified a panel of sputum DNA methylation that predicts lung aging and risk for lung cancer.

Research Question: Can the sputum methylation panel be used as a readout to derive a dietary pattern beneficial for lung health? Is this dietary pattern associated with various subjective and objective lung health phenotypes? Does this relationship vary among people who currently smoke (current smokers) vs previously smoked (former smokers)?

Study Design And Methods: Using the Lovelace Smoker Cohort (LSC), we employed the LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regularized Poisson regression to define a dietary pattern for sputum. Associations of the dietary pattern with objective and subjective lung health measurements were examined using generalized linear and Cox models in the LSC and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening trial.

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors and C-C Chemokine Receptor-2 Positive Cells Play an Important Role in the Intraerythrocytic Death and Clearance of .

is an Apicomplexan parasite that infects erythrocytes and causes the tick-transmitted infection, babesiosis. can cause a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe infection and death. Some risk factors for severe disease are well-defined, an immune compromised state, age greater than 50, and asplenia.

Intravenous bolus injection of fentanyl triggers an immediate central and upper airway obstructive apnea via activating vagal sensory afferents.

Intravenous bolus (IVb) injection of fentanyl induces an immediate apnea, but the characteristics of the apnea and relevant mechanism remain unclear. Here, we tested whether IVb injection of fentanyl induced an immediate central and upper airway obstructive apnea associated with chest wall rigidity via activating vagal C-fibers (VCFs) and vagal afferent opioid receptors (ORs). Cardiorespiratory and electromyography of external and internal intercostal, thyroarytenoid, and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles (EMG, EMG, EMG and EMG) responses to IVb injection of fentanyl were recorded in anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats with or without bilateral perivagal capsaicin treatment or intravagal microinjection of naloxone.

Therapeutic Potentials of Near-Infrared II Photobiomodulation to Treat Cerebrovascular Diseases via Nitric Oxide Signalling.

Endothelial dysfunction featuring insufficient endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and accompanying nitric oxide (NO) deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Restoring endothelial NO represents a promising approach to treating cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke. Low-power near-infrared (NIR) light shows diverse beneficial effects, broadly defined as photobiomodulation (PBM).

Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition Using ABX-1431 Attenuates Cerebral Ischaemia Early After Traumatic Brain Injury.

An early event in the pathology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF), which exacerbates secondary injury development and inhibits brain recovery. The endogenous cannabinoid system signalling (eCBs) might be critical in TBI recovery due to modulating synaptic activity and exerting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. In the brain, eCBs predominantly occur at cannabinoid receptor type 1 via the eCB 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).

Limb Perfusion Delivery of a rAAV1 Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Vector in Non-Human Primates Is Safe but Insufficient for Therapy.

Background/objectives: α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is an inherited, genetic condition characterized by reduced serum levels of AAT and increased risk of developing emphysema and liver disease. AAT is normally synthesized primarily in the liver, but muscle-targeting with a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector for α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) gene therapy has been used to minimize liver exposure to the virus and hepatotoxicity. Clinical trials of direct intramuscular (IM) administration of rAAV1-hAAT have demonstrated its overall safety and transgene expression for 5 years.

Comparative analysis of high-throughput RNA extraction kits in Naïve Non-Human Primate (NHP) tissues for downstream applications utilizing Xeno Internal Positive Control (IPC).

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction and purification play pivotal roles in molecular biology and cell and gene therapy, where the quality and integrity of RNA are critical for downstream applications. Automated high-throughput systems have gained interest due to their potential for scalability and reduced labor requirements compared to manual methods. However, ensuring high-throughput capabilities, reproducibility, and reliability while maintaining RNA yield and purity remains challenging.

Neural response to monetary incentives in acquired adolescent depression after mild traumatic brain injury: Stage 2 Registered Report.

Depression is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury. Separately, spontaneous depression-arising without brain injury-has been linked to abnormal responses in motivational neural circuitry to the anticipation or receipt of rewards. It is unknown if post-injury and spontaneously occurring depression share similar phenotypic profiles.

A protein risk score for all-cause and respiratory-specific mortality in non-Hispanic white and African American individuals who smoke.

Protein biomarkers are associated with mortality in cardiovascular disease, but their effect on predicting respiratory and all-cause mortality is not clear. We tested whether a protein risk score (protRS) can improve prediction of all-cause mortality over clinical risk factors in smokers. We utilized smoking-enriched (COPDGene, LSC, SPIROMICS) and general population-based (MESA) cohorts with SomaScan proteomic and mortality data.

Adenovirus infections: new insights for the clinical laboratory.

Since their discovery in 1953, research on human adenoviruses (HAdVs) has had diverse foci, resulted in groundbreaking discoveries, such as gene splicing, and generated powerful oncolytic constructs and expression vectors for vaccine development and gene therapy. In contrast, virologists working in this field have made relatively little progress toward the prevention and treatment of the wide spectrum of HAdV-associated diseases. The understanding of species-specific features of viral pathogenesis, or of the mechanisms underlying the establishment of latency and reactivation, is still limited.

Cardiorespiratory failure induced by inhalation of aerosolized fentanyl in anesthetized rats.

Intravenous rapid injection of fentanyl causes respiratory depression (severe apneas), leading to sudden death, which constitutes the deadliest drug reaction among overdoses of synthetic opioids. Here we asked whether acute inhalation of overdose fentanyl would also result in similar respiratory failure and death. The anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats with tracheal cannulation were exposed to aerosolized fentanyl at 100 mg/m (FNT) or 30 mg/m (FNT) for 10 min.

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Is Associated With Cognitive Functioning in Normal Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cognitive functioning in healthy older adults and individuals with neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods And Results: A total of 124 participants with Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular disease, or a mix Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular diseases and 55 controlparticipants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing. BBB permeability was measured with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and white matter injury was measured using a quantitative diffusion-tensor imaging marker of white matter injury.

Transmembrane protein TMEM230, regulator of metalloproteins and motor proteins in gliomas and gliosis.

Glial cells provide physical and chemical support and protection for neurons and for the extracellular compartments of neural tissue through secretion of soluble factors, insoluble scaffolds, and vesicles. Additionally, glial cells have regenerative capacity by remodeling their physical microenvironment and changing physiological properties of diverse cell types in their proximity. Various types of aberrant glial and macrophage cells are associated with human diseases, disorders, and malignancy.

Early menopause and hormone therapy as determinants for lung health outcomes: a secondary analysis using the PLCO trial.

Rationale: Early natural menopause (early-M; <45 years of age) increases the risk of lung morbidities and mortalities in smokers. However, it is largely unknown whether early-M due to surgery demonstrates similar effects and whether menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is protective against lung diseases.

Objectives: To assess the associations of early-M and MHT with lung morbidities and mortalities using the prospective Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) trial.

Approach for defining human adenovirus infection and disease for central review adjudication in clinical studies.

Background: Pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients are at risk for morbidity and mortality from human adenovirus (HAdV). HAdV can be detected in an asymptomatic state, referred to as infection or with signs or symptoms of illness, referred to as disease. Standardized case definitions are needed to distinguish infection from disease and allow for consistent reporting in both observational cohort studies and therapeutic clinical trials.