Toward Concurrent Identification of Human Activities with a Single Unifying Neural Network Classification: First Step.

The characterization of human behavior in real-world contexts is critical for developing a comprehensive model of human health. Recent technological advancements have enabled wearables and sensors to passively and unobtrusively record and presumably quantify human behavior. Better understanding human activities in unobtrusive and passive ways is an indispensable tool in understanding the relationship between behavioral determinants of health and diseases.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of a Social Needs Navigation Intervention on Health Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization among Medicaid Members with Type 2 Diabetes.

Health systems are increasingly assessing and addressing social needs with referrals to community resources. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to randomize adult Medicaid members with type 2 diabetes to receive usual care ( = 239) or social needs navigation ( = 234) for 6 months and compare HbA1c (primary outcome), quality of life (secondary outcome), and other exploratory outcomes with -tests and mixed-effects regression. Eligible participants had an HbA1c test in claims in the past 120 days and reported 1+ social needs.

Hypertension disrupts the vascular clock in both sexes.

Blood pressure (BP) displays a circadian rhythm and disruptions in this pattern elevate cardiovascular risk. Although both central and peripheral clock genes are implicated in these processes, the importance of vascular clock genes is not fully understood. BP, vascular reactivity, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system display overt sex differences, but whether changes in circadian patterns underlie these differences is unknown.

Decay of Multi-point Correlation Functions in .

We prove multi-point correlation bounds in for arbitrary with symmetrized distances, answering open questions proposed by Sims-Warzel (Commun Math Phys 347(3):903-931, 2016) and Aza-Bru-Siqueira Pedra (Commun Math Phys 360(2):715-726, 2018). As applications, we prove multi-point correlation bounds for the Ising model on , and multi-point dynamical localization in expectation for uniformly localized disordered systems, which provides the first examples of this conjectured phenomenon by Bravyi-König (Commun Math Phys 316(3):641-692, 2012) .

CSF1R inhibition depletes brain macrophages and reduces brain virus burden in SIV-infected macaques.

Perivascular macrophages (PVMs) and, to a lesser degree, microglia are targets and reservoirs of HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in the brain. Previously, we demonstrated that colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) in PVMs was upregulated and activated in chronically SIV-infected rhesus macaques with encephalitis, correlating with SIV infection of PVMs. Herein, we investigated the role of CSF1R in the brain during acute SIV infection using BLZ945, a brain-penetrant CSF1R kinase inhibitor.

Structure and rheology of the polysaccharides from Schizymenia dubyi: Isolation of an unusual glucurono-carrageenan.

The system of polysaccharides from Schizymenia dubyi (Nemastomatales) was investigated. It contains a mixture of hybrid dl galactans (SH-S) and carrageenan-like polysaccharides, which were separated by means of precipitation with KCl at high concentrations. The structural features of the carrageenan-like fraction (SH-I) were investigated by methylation analysis, desulfation, uronic acid reduction, and NMR spectroscopy.

Out of time order correlation of the Hubbard model with random local disorder.

The out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) serves as a powerful tool for investigating quantum information spreading and chaos in complex systems. We present a method employing non-equilibrium dynamical mean-field theory and coherent potential approximation combined with diagrammatic perturbation on the Schwinger-Keldysh contour to calculate the OTOC for correlated fermionic systems subjected to both random disorder and electron interaction. Our key finding is that random disorder enhances the OTOC decay in the Hubbard model for the metallic phase in the weakly interacting limit.

Low-Coordinate Iron Hydride Chemistry at an N,N,C-Heteroscorpionate Platform.

Locally high-spin iron hydrides are proposed to play a critical role as intermediates in iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco)-catalyzed N fixation. Inspired by these biological systems, we report herein our initial investigations into low-coordinate iron hydride chemistry supported by our N,N,C-heteroscorpionate ligands. Those ligands with smaller steric profiles are unable to completely suppress the formation of a binuclear [Fe(μ-H)] complex; however, the incorporation of more substantial steric bulk allows for the isolation of a rare example of a terminal, high-spin ( = 2) Fe hydride.

Medications for alcohol-use disorder and follow-up after hospitalization for alcohol withdrawal: A multicenter study.

Background: Alcohol withdrawal is a common reason for admission to acute care hospitals. Prescription of medications for alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and close outpatient follow-up are commonly recommended, but few studies report their effects on postdischarge outcomes.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of medications for AUD and follow-up appointments on readmission and abstinence.

Clinical Outcomes of Metabolic Surgery on Diuretic Use in Patients With Heart Failure.

The beneficial impacts of metabolic surgery (MS) on patients with heart failure (HF) are incompletely characterized. We aimed to describe the cardiac and metabolic effects of MS in patients with HF and hypothesized that patients with HF would experience both improved metabolic and HF profiles using glycemic control and diuretic dependency as surrogate markers. In this single-center, university-affiliated academic study in the United States, a review of 2,342 hospital records of patients who underwent MS (2017 to 2023) identified 63 patients with a medical history of HF.

Effects of Different Cow-Milk Beta-Caseins on the Gut-Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of Preclinical, Animal, and Human Studies.

The gut and brain communicate through bidirectional neural, endocrine, and immune signals to coordinate central nervous system activity with gastrointestinal function. Dysregulated inflammation can promote immune cell activation and increase entero-endocrine signaling and intestinal permeability; hence, a functional gut-brain axis is necessary for a healthy digestive system. The consumption of milk products can lead to gut discomfort via effects on gastrointestinal tract function and the inflammatory state, which, in turn, affect the brain.

Health disparities in cervical cancer: Estimating geographic variations of disease burden and association with key socioeconomic and demographic factors in the US.

Background: Despite advances in cervical cancer (CC) prevention, detection, and treatment in the US, health disparities persist, disproportionately affecting underserved populations or regions. This study analyzes the geographical distribution of both CC and recurrent/metastatic CC (r/mCC) in the US and explores potential risk factors of higher disease burden to inform potential strategies to address disparities in CC and r/mCC.

Methods: We estimated CC screening rates, as well as CC burden (number of patients with CC diagnosis per 100,000 eligible enrollees) and r/mCC burden (proportion of CC patients receiving systemic therapy not in conjunction with surgery or radiation), at the geographic level between 2017-2022 using administrative claims.

Barriers to electronic prescribing of controlled substance, especially opioids.

Objective: Electronic prescriptions are now the standard of practice for all discharge and outpatient prescriptions. The intention is to increase patient safety, provide a more complete medication record for patients, lessen the burden on prescribers, and shorten the time it takes for medication orders to reach the pharmacy.

Design: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey study was conducted between January and August 2022 in three areas of a large urban safety net hospital.

Long-term effects of climate change on juvenile bull shark migratory patterns.

Seasonal variability in environmental conditions is a strong determinant of animal migrations, but warming temperatures associated with climate change are anticipated to alter this phenomenon with unknown consequences. We used a 40-year fishery-independent survey to assess how a changing climate has altered the migration timing, duration and first-year survival of juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas). From 1982 to 2021, estuaries in the western Gulf of Mexico (Texas) experienced a mean increase of 1.

Optimal Timing of Delivery for Pregnant Individuals With Mild Chronic Hypertension.

Objective: To investigate the optimal gestational age to deliver pregnant people with chronic hypertension to improve perinatal outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a planned secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of chronic hypertension treatment to different blood pressure goals. Participants with term, singleton gestations were included.

Evolutionary genomic analyses of canine infections identify a relic capsular locus associated with resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials.

Unlabelled: Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant are the leading cause of death attributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide, and the known AMR mechanisms involve a range of functional proteins. Here, we employed a pan-genome wide association study (GWAS) approach on over 1,000 isolates from sick dogs collected across the US and Canada and identified a strong statistical association (empirical < 0.01) of AMR, involving a range of antibiotics to a group 1 capsular (CPS) gene cluster.

Single cell regulatory architecture of human pancreatic islets suggests sex differences in β cell function and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 and type 1 diabetes (T2D, T1D) exhibit sex differences in insulin secretion, the mechanisms of which are unknown. We examined sex differences in human pancreatic islets from 52 donors with and without T2D combining single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), single nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq), hormone secretion, and bioenergetics. In nondiabetic (ND) donors, sex differences in islet cells gene accessibility and expression predominantly involved sex chromosomes.